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What happened to Marcellus nephew of Augustus?
The illness proved fatal and killed Marcellus at Baiae, in Campania, Italy. He would be the first member of the imperial family whose ashes were placed in the Mausoleum of Augustus. Despite dying at a young age, Marcellus' position led to his celebration by Sextus Propertius, as well as by Virgil in the Aeneid.
Did Octavia sleep with her brother?
A highly fictionalized version of Octavia's early life is depicted in the 2005 television series Rome, in which Octavia of the Julii (Kerry Condon) seduces and sleeps with her younger brother, Gaius Octavian, has a lesbian affair with Servilia of the Junii (the series' version of Servilia) and a romantic relationship ...
Who was Marcellus brother?
Marcellus was the son of Vigilantia, the sister of Justinian, and Dulcidio (or Dulcissimus), and thus the brother of Justin II and Praejecta.
Who was the father of Marcellus?
Gaius Claudius MarcellusMarcellus was the son of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Augustus's sister Octavia. In 25 he and the future emperor Tiberius served under Augustus in Spain.
What is Bellamy and Octavia's secret?
Throughout the Series. In Pilot, Octavia Blake is sent down to Earth with the other delinquents. When the drop ship lands, she is reunited with her brother, Bellamy. Because she is the only one with a sibling, the delinquents realize that she is the illegal second child who used to hide under the floor.
Did Caesar have a sister?
Julia MinorJulia MajorJulius Caesar/Sisters
Who is Claudius nephew in Hamlet?
The Prince of Denmark, the title character, and the protagonist. About thirty years old at the start of the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and the nephew of the present king, Claudius.
What are the names of the 6 Marsalis brothers?
The Marsalis Family (Ellis, Wynton, Delfeayo, Jason, Branford)
Who was Marcellus in the Bible?
Biography. He was a friend of Lucius Vitellius, who appointed him after sending Pontius Pilate to Rome (in 36 or 37) to render account. It may be assumed, however, that Marcellus was not really a governor of Judea, but only a subordinate official of Vitellius.
Did Livia have Marcellus killed?
Livia admits that she killed Marcellus, Marcus Agrippa, Both of Julia's sons, arranged for Julia to be banished and even had killed Augustus.
What happens to Marcellus?
While on a reconnaissance mission with his colleague, Titus Quinctius Crispinus, and a small band of 220 horsemen, the group was ambushed and nearly completely slaughtered by a much larger Carthaginian force of Numidian horsemen. Marcellus was impaled by a spear and died on the field.
Was Tiberius a good emperor?
Tiberius was a capable administrator and he strengthened the administration of the Roman Empire and continued the policies of Augustus. He avoided unnecessary wars and the population enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity.
Who was Augustus' nephew?
Marcellus – Augustus’ nephew. Marcus Claudius Marcellus/ was the nephew of emperor Augustus. He was born in 42 BCE and he was the son of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Octavia the Yougher, the older sister of Augustus. Being one of the closest relatives of emperor, he became eventual successor.
What happened to Marcellus in Baiae?
Unexpectedly, Marcellus fell ill and died in Baiae in 23 BCE. As often happens in such unexpected situations, there were voices about the assassination.
How old was Julia when Octavian married?
In 25 BCE he married a 14-year-old Julia, the only daughter of emperor Augustus. The active promotion of the nephew was proof that Octavian see him as potential successor (the emperor had no male offspring). He carefully guided his political career.
Who was Marcellus engaged to?
Earlier at the age of three Marcellus he was engaged to Pompeia, the daughter of Sextus Pompey, when the triumvirs Octavian and Marc Antony made peace with him in Puteoli.
Where was Augustus born?
While his paternal family was from the Volscian town of Velletri, approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the south-east of Rome, Augustus was born in the city of Rome on 23 September 63 BC. He was born at Ox Head, a small property on the Palatine Hill, very close to the Roman Forum. He was given the name Gaius Octavius Thurinus, his cognomen possibly commemorating his father's victory at Thurii over a rebellious band of slaves which occurred a few years after his birth. Suetonius wrote: "There are many indications that the Octavian family was in days of old a distinguished one at Velitrae; for not only was a street in the most frequented part of town long ago called Octavian, but an altar was shown there besides, consecrated by an Octavius. This man was leader in a war with a neighbouring town ..."
What was Augustus' power?
This in effect gave Augustus constitutional power superior to all other proconsuls in the empire . Augustus stayed in Rome during the renewal process and provided veterans with lavish donations to gain their support, thereby ensuring that his status of proconsular imperium maius was renewed in 13 BC.
What would Augustus have power as part of his tribunician authority?
In these situations, Augustus would have power as part of his tribunician authority but his constitutional imperium within the Pomerium would be less than that of a serving consul. That would mean that, when he was in the city, he might not be the constitutional magistrate with the most authority.
What title did Octavian get?
On 16 January 27 BC the Senate gave Octavian the new titles of Augustus and Princeps. Augustus is from the Latin word Augere (meaning to increase) and can be translated as "the illustrious one". It was a title of religious authority rather than political authority. His new title of Augustus was also more favorable than Romulus, the previous one which he styled for himself in reference to the story of the legendary founder of Rome, which symbolized a second founding of Rome. The title of Romulus was associated too strongly with notions of monarchy and kingship, an image that Octavian tried to avoid. The title princeps senatus originally meant the member of the Senate with the highest precedence, but in the case of Augustus, it became an almost regnal title for a leader who was first in charge. Augustus also styled himself as Imperator Caesar divi filius, "Commander Caesar son of the deified one". With this title, he boasted his familial link to deified Julius Caesar, and the use of Imperator signified a permanent link to the Roman tradition of victory. He transformed Caesar, a cognomen for one branch of the Julian family, into a new family line that began with him.
What was Augustus's role in the Republican government?
Augustus ensured that the facade of Republican government continued with an effective cover-up of the events. In 19 BC, the Senate granted Augustus a form of 'general consular imperium', which was probably 'imperium consulare maius', like the proconsular powers that he received in 23 BC.
What was the name of the Roman arch dedicated to Augustus?
The Arch of Augustus in Rimini (Ariminum), dedicated to Augustus by the Roman Senate in 27 BC, the oldest surviving Roman triumphal arch.
What were the implications of Augustus's decision to retain the consulate?
Augustus's retention of an annual consulate drew attention to his de facto dominance over the Roman political system, and cut in half the opportunities for others to achieve what was still nominally the preeminent position in the Roman state. Further, he was causing political problems by desiring to have his nephew Marcus Claudius Marcellus follow in his footsteps and eventually assume the Principate in his turn, alienating his three greatest supporters – Agrippa, Maecenas, and Livia. He appointed noted Republican Calpurnius Piso (who had fought against Julius Caesar and supported Cassius and Brutus) as co-consul in 23 BC, after his choice Aulus Terentius Varro Murena died unexpectedly.
Who was Augustus' sister?
Marcellus was the son of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Augustus’s sister Octavia. In 25 he and the future emperor Tiberius served under Augustus in Spain. That same year he was married to the emperor’s daughter Julia, an event that seemed to mark him as heir.
Who was Marcus Marcellus?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus, (born 42 bc —died 23 bc, Baiae, Campania [Italy]), nephew of the emperor Augustus (reigned 27 bc – ad 14) and presumably chosen by him as heir, though Augustus himself denied it. Marcellus was the son of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Augustus’s sister Octavia. In 25 he and the future emperor Tiberius served ...
Where was Octavia buried?
He was buried in the mausoleum of Augustus, and Augustus himself pronounced the funeral oration. Octavia built a library in his honour, while Augustus named a theatre after him, the remains of which were standing in the 21st century. History at your fingertips.
What was Augustus's birth name?
Of Augustus’ many names and honorifics, historians favor three of them, each for a different phase in the emperor’s life. From his birth in 63 B.C. he was Octavius; after his adoption was announced in 44 B.C., Octavian; and beginning in 26 B.C. the Roman Senate conferred on him the name Augustus, the august or exalted one. He was born Gaius Octavius Thurinus in Velletri, 20 miles from Rome. His father was a senator and governor in the Roman Republic. His mother Atai was Caesar’s niece, and the young Octavius was raised in part by his grandmother Julia Ceasaris, Caesar’s sister.
How long did Augustus rule?
During his 40-years reign, Augustus nearly doubled the size of the empire, adding territories in Europe and Asia Minor and securing alliances that gave him effective rule from Britain to India.
How many times did Augustus marry?
Augustus married three times, although his first union, to Mark Antony’s stepdaughter Clodia Pulchra, was unconsummated. His second wife, Scribonia, bore his only child, Julia the Elder. He divorced in 39 B.C. to marry Livia Drusilla, who had two sons—Tiberius and Drusus—by her first husband, Mark Antony’s ally Tiberius Claudius Nero. The family tree became more complicated after Augustus had his stepson Tiberius briefly marry his daughter, and then adopted Tiberius outright as son and successor in A.D. 4.
How long did the Octavian rule?
Historians date the start of Octavian’s monarchy to either 31 B.C. (the victory at Actium) or 27 B.C., when he was granted the name Augustus. In that four-year span, Octavian secured his rule on multiple fronts. Cleopatra’s seized treasure allowed him to pay his soldiers, securing their loyalty. To mollify Rome’s Senate and ruling classes, he passed laws harkening back—at least on the surface—to the traditions of the Roman Republic. And to win over the people, he worked to improve and beautify the city of Rome.
Who did Antony marry?
Antony began a romantic and political alliance with Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, which continued even after a Senatorial decree forced his marriage to Octavian’s sister Octavia Minor. Lepidus remained a minor figure until Octavian finally had him ousted after the triumvirate’s renewal in 37 B.C.
When did Octavius wear the Toga?
Octavius donned the toga, the Roman sign of manhood, at age 16, and began taking on responsibilities through his family connections. In 47 B.C. he went to Hispania (modern-day Spain) to fight alongside Caesar.
Who defeated Antony's ships?
In the naval battle of Actium a year later, Octavian ’s fleet, under his admiral Agrippa, cornered and defeated Antony’s ships. Cleopatra’s navy raced to aid her ally, but in the end the two lovers barely escaped. They returned to Egypt and committed suicide, leaving Octavian as Rome’s undisputed ruler.
Who was Augustus' son?
In his will Caesar formally adopted Augustus as his son and identified him as his chief personal heir. Julius Caesar.
Where is Augustus from?
Augustus. Augustus, bronze sculpture from Meroe, Sudan, 1st century ce; in the British Museum. Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum.
How did Augustus die?
Augustus died of natural causes on August 19, 14 CE, at age 75. He was immediately succeeded by his adopted son, Tiberius. Tiberius. Read more about Augustus’s adopted son and successor, Tiberius. Gaius Octavius was of a prosperous family that had long been settled at Velitrae (Velletri), southeast of Rome.
What did Augustus bring to the world?
Augustus brought peace (“ Pax Romana ”) to the Greco-Roman world. In 27 BCE he nominally restored the republic of Rome and instituted a series of constitutional and financial reforms that culminated in the birth of the principate. As princeps of Rome, Augustus enjoyed enormous popularity.
When did Augustus come to power?
Augustus came to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. In 27 BCE Augustus “restored” the republic of Rome, though he himself retained all real power as the princeps, or “first citizen,” of Rome. Augustus held that title until his death in 14 CE.
When did Pompey and Caesar become triumvirs?
On November 27, 43 bce, the three men were formally given a five-year dictatorial appointment as triumvirs for the reconstitution of the state (the Second Triumvirate —the first having been the informal compact between Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar).
Where is the statue of Augustus?
Extremadura, Spain: statue of Augustus. Augustus dressed in a toga, marble, 1st century ce; at the Archeological Ensemble of Mérida in Extremadura, Spain, designated a World Heritage Site in 1993. © Coplandj/Dreamstime.com.
Overview
Marcus Claudius Marcellus (42–23 BC) was the eldest son of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Octavia Minor, sister of Augustus (then known as Octavian). He was Augustus' nephew and closest male relative, and began to enjoy an accelerated political career as a result. He was educated with his cousin Tiberius and traveled with him to Hispania where they served under Augustus in the Cant…
Background
Marcellus was born into the Claudii Marcelli, a plebeian branch of the gens Claudia in 42 BC, the son of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Octavia Minor. He had two full sisters named Claudia Marcella Major and Claudia Marcella Minor as well as two younger maternal half-sisters named Antonia Major and Antonia Minor.
His mother was the great-niece of Julius Caesar and the sister of Octavian. Octavian would later b…
Early life
He was betrothed to Pompeia, the daughter of Sextus Pompey, in 39 BC at the peace of Misenum where Octavian and Sextus Pompey agreed to a truce. Marcellus never married Pompeia and she fled with her mother and father to Anatolia in 36 BC.
Not much is known about his education except that he was taught philosophy by Nestor the Stoic alongside his cousin Tiberius who had moved into Octavia's house following the death of his father Tiberius …
Career
Marcellus and Tiberius either accompanied or followed Augustus to Hispania during his campaigns against the Cantabri and Astures in the Cantabrian Wars. During the second campaign in 25 BC, Marcellus and Tiberius were military tribunes with special aedile powers. After the second campaign, Augustus discharged some of his soldiers and allowed them to found the city of Emerita Augusta in Lusitania (now Mérida, Spain). For the soldiers still of military age, he held gam…
Post mortem
He was cremated and his ashes were the first to be interred in the Mausoleum of Augustus on the Campus Martius beside the river Tiber. The Mausoleum became the family tomb for Rome's first monarchic family in five centuries. Livia was suspected of having a hand in his death, despite the fact that there was a plague in Rome that claimed many lives. Dio reports that his contemporaries blamed her because Marcellus was favored above her son Tiberius.
Cultural depictions
Due to his close relation to the leading member of Roman politics, he is depicted in many works of art. The most notable of which include:
• Virgil reading the Aeneid to Augustus and Octavia (1787), a painting by Jean-Joseph Taillasson.
• Virgil reading The Aeneid before Augustus, Livia and Octavia (1812), a painting by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Bibliography
• Cassius Dio, Roman History Book 53, English translation
• Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Life of Augustus, Latin text with English translation
• Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius, Latin text with English translation
Overview
Caesar Augustus (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. His status as the founder of the Roman Principate (the first phase of the Roman Empire) has consolidated a legacy as one of the greatest leaders in human history. The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known …
Sole ruler of Rome
After Actium and the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra, Octavian was in a position to rule the entire Republic under an unofficial principate —but he had to achieve this through incremental power gains. He did so by courting the Senate and the people while upholding the republican traditions of Rome, appearing that he was not aspiring to dictatorship or monarchy. Marching into Rome, Octavian and M…
Name
As a consequence of Roman customs, society, and personal preference, Augustus (/ɔːˈɡʌstəs/ aw-GUST-əs) was known by many names throughout his life:
• Gaius Octavius (/ɒkˈteɪviəs/ ok-TAY-vee-əs, Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs ɔkˈtaːu̯iʊs]). According to Suetonius, Octavius added the surname Thurinus (Latin: [tʰuːˈriːnʊs]) to his birth name as an infant in 60 BC. Later, after he had taken the name of Caesar, his rival Mark Antony referred to him as "Thurinus" i…
Early life
While his paternal family was from the Volscian town of Velletri, approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the south-east of Rome, Augustus was born in the city of Rome on 23 September 63 BC. He was born at Ox Head, a small property on the Palatine Hill, very close to the Roman Forum. He was given the name Gaius Octavius, and in his infancy he received the cognomen Thurinus, possibly com…
Rise to power
Octavius was studying and undergoing military training in Apollonia, Illyria, when Julius Caesar was assassinated on the Ides of March (15 March) 44 BC. He rejected the advice of some army officers to take refuge with the troops in Macedonia and sailed to Italy to ascertain whether he had any potential political fortunes or security. Caesar had no living legitimate children under Roman law…
Death and succession
The illness of Augustus in 23 BC brought the problem of succession to the forefront of political issues and the public. To ensure stability, he needed to designate an heir to his unique position in Roman society and government. This was to be achieved in small, undramatic, and incremental ways that did not stir senatorial fears of monarchy. If someone was to succeed to Augustus's unofficial position of power, he would have to earn it through his own publicly proven merits.
Legacy
Augustus's reign laid the foundations of a regime that lasted, in one form or another, for nearly fifteen hundred years through the ultimate decline of the Western Roman Empire and until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. Both his adoptive surname, Caesar, and his title Augustus became the permanent titles of the rulers of the Roman Empire for fourteen centuries after his death, in use …
Physical appearance and official images
His biographer Suetonius, writing about a century after Augustus's death, described his appearance as: "... unusually handsome and exceedingly graceful at all periods of his life, though he cared nothing for personal adornment. He was so far from being particular about the dressing of his hair, that he would have several barbers working in a hurry at the same time, and as for his beard he now had it clipped and now shaved, while at the very same time he would either be rea…