Full Answer
How long did the reign of Herod the Great last?
Herod the Great, the first Herod, ruled until 4 B.C. 34 Herod Archelaus, his oldest son, ruled then until A.D. 6, then was followed by Herod Antipas, Herod Philip, Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, whose reign ended in A.D. 94. With the end of the reign of Herod the Great, the Intertestamental Period would end.
What is Herod the Great known as in the Bible?
Herod the Great. Herod (/ˈhɛrəd/; Hebrew: הוֹרְדוֹס, Modern: Hōrədōs, Tiberian: Hōreḏōs, Greek: Ἡρῴδης, Hērōdēs; 74/73 BCE – c. 4 BCE), also known as Herod the Great and Herod I, was a Roman client king of Judea, referred to as the Herodian kingdom.
What was the significance of Herod's rule in Judea?
Herod's rule marked a new beginning in the history of Judea. Judea had been ruled autonomously by the Hasmonean kings from 140 BCE until 63 BCE. The Hasmonean kings retained their titles, but became clients of Rome after the conquest by Pompey in 63 BCE.
How did Herod become king of Palestine?
When the last Hasmonean died in 37 B.C., Palestine needed a new authority and this one would come from Roman authority. Antipater who had worked to influence previous Hasmonean leaders used his political influence to persuade the Roman Senate to elect his son Herod as king of Palestine.
Who ruled Israel during the Intertestamental period?
Herod the Great died shortly after the birth of Jesus, and the Romans divided the kingdom among Herod's three sons. Philip ruled north and east of Galilee; Herod Antipas ruled Galilee and Perea; and Archelaus ruled Judea, Samaria, and Idumea.
Who was Herod What did he do?
Herod the Great was known for consolidating Roman rule over and advancing the Hellenization of Judaea. He built the city of Sebaste on the site of ancient Samaria as well as the port city of Caesarea and rebuilt the Temple of Jerusalem.
Who is Herod in the Bible?
The Bible depicts Herod as a monster who tried to kill baby Jesus and, when he couldn't find him, killed every infant in Bethlehem. Historians today generally believe the story is fictional.
Who was Herod when Jesus was crucified?
Herod AntipasFollowing the death of his father in 4 BC, Herod Antipas was recognized as tetrarch by Caesar Augustus, and subsequently by his own brother, the ethnarch Herod Archelaus....Herod AntipasWivesPhasaelis of Nabataea HerodiasDynastyHerodian DynastyFatherHerod the GreatMotherMalthace7 more rows
What does the Bible say about Herod?
In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children. that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from.
What is the meaning of Herod?
Herod (Greek Hērōdēs apparently derived from hērōs 'hero') was the name of the king of Judea (died AD ) who at the time of the birth of Christ ordered that all male children in Bethlehem should be slaughtered (Matthew 16-18).
How many Herod are there in the Bible?
Who were all these Herods? There were six Herods in the Bible which seems like a few too many – or at least enough to confuse us. Here is a run-down of each of them.
Why did Jesus call Herod a fox?
It is therefore very likely that when Jesus referred to Herod as "that fox", those he was speaking to would have the usual basic metaphor for a king in mind, and would immediately recognise that by using the metaphor "Herod (The King) is a Fox", Jesus intended to convey that Herod was in extreme contrast to someone who ...
Who helped Jesus carry the cross?
Simon of CyreneMark 15: 21 They compelled a passer-by, who was coming in from the country, to carry his cross; it was Simon of Cyrene, the father of Alexander and Rufus.
What role did Herod play in the crucifixion?
Rather than seeking the truth from Jesus, Herod wanted him to perform a miracle for his entertainment. Jesus would not comply. Herod and his soldiers mocked Jesus. Then, instead of freeing this innocent man, Herod sent him back to Pilate, who had the authority to have Jesus crucified.
What did Herod the Great do to Jesus?
Herod ruled Judea from 37 BC. The Bible says he initiated a murder of all the infants in Bethlehem in an attempt to get rid of the baby Jesus.
How did king Herod find out about Jesus?
They consulted the Old Testament prophecies and informed Herod that the prophet Micah had written about Bethlehem, “Out of you will come a ruler who will be the shepherd of my people Israel.” The conclusion therefore was that the new king would be born in Bethlehem.
Why was Herod worried about the birth of Jesus?
Herod was upset and called the chief priests and teachers of the law and asked them “Where will the Messiah be born?” They told him Bethlehem had been predicted in prophecy. Herod asked the visitors to let him know exactly where the child was, so he too could worship him.
Who helped Jesus carry the cross?
Simon of CyreneMark 15: 21 They compelled a passer-by, who was coming in from the country, to carry his cross; it was Simon of Cyrene, the father of Alexander and Rufus.
What was the impact of the Intertestamental Period on the Jewish people?
The events of the intertestamental period set the stage for Christ and had a profound impact on the Jewish people. Both Jews and pagans from other nations were becoming dissatisfied with religion. The pagans were beginning to question the validity of polytheism.
What is the New Testament about?
The New Testament tells the story of how hope came, not only for the Jews but for the entire world. Christ’s fulfillment of prophecy was anticipated and recognized by many who sought Him out. The stories of the Roman centurion, the wise men, and the Pharisee Nicodemus show how Jesus was recognized as the Messiah by those from several different cultures. The “ 400 years of silence ” of the intertestamental period were broken by the greatest story ever told—the gospel of Jesus Christ!
What did Alexander the Great do to the world?
Prior to the intertestamental period, Alexander the Great defeated Darius of Persia, bringing Greek rule to the world. Alexander was a student of Aristotle and was well-educated in Greek philosophy and politics. Alexander required that Greek culture be promoted in every land that he conquered. As a result, the Hebrew Old Testament was translated into Greek, becoming the translation known as the Septuagint. Most of the New Testament references to Old Testament Scripture use the Septuagint phrasing. Alexander did allow religious freedom for the Jews, though he still strongly promoted Greek lifestyles. This was not a good turn of events for Israel, since the Greek culture was very worldly, humanistic, and ungodly.
What is the period between the Old Testament and the appearance of Christ?
The time between the last writings of the Old Testament and the appearance of Christ is known as the “intertestamental” (or “between the testaments”) period. It lasted from the prophet Malachi’s time (about 400 BC) to the preaching of John the Baptist (about AD 25).
When did Antiochus desecrate the temple?
Around 167 BC, he overthrew the rightful line of the priesthood and desecrated the temple, defiling it with unclean animals and a pagan altar (see Mark 13:14 for a similar event to take place in the future). Antiochus’ act was the religious equivalent of rape.
Who led the Jewish resistance to Antiochus?
Eventually, Jewish resistance to Antiochus, led by Judas Maccabeus and the Hasmoneans, restored the rightful priests and rescued the temple. The period of the Maccabean Revolt was one of war, violence, and infighting. Around 63 BC, Pompey of Rome conquered Israel, putting all of Judea under control of the Caesars.
Who conquered Israel and made Herod king?
Around 63 BC, Pompey of Rome conquered Israel, putting all of Judea under control of the Caesars. This eventually led to Herod being made king of Judea by the Roman emperor and senate. This is the nation that taxed and controlled the Jews and eventually executed the Messiah on a Roman cross. Roman, Greek, and Hebrew cultures were now mixed together in Judea.
What was the Hasmonean period?
The Hasmonean Period is named for the family name of the original Maccabees who led and governed Jerusalem in the prior period. Their behavior is so different in this period than their ancestors of the previous time that they are remembered with a different name. The Maccabees were clearly focused on the freedom of the Jews, religiously, politically and socially. The Hasmoneans were more about their personal and political agendas and often more focused on secular and Hellenistic values than their forefathers. 25 While Jews maintained religious freedom and much of their cultural traditions during this period it was a time of general unrest in Palestine.
What was Antiochus III's goal?
Antiochus III would continue the push to expand his kingdom but with limited success. As he attempted to expand his border west, he was soundly defeated by the powers of Rome in Magnesia in 190 B.C. Roman armies were conquering nearby nations and Antiochus was concerned for his kingdom. He believed his only hope of survival was to stop them before they became too powerful. 13 He misjudged their ability and almost lost everything. Romans took much of his land but left him with Palestine. But now he was under the rule and taxation of the Roman authorities. His son, Antiochus IV was also taken from him and sent to Rome as a hostage.
Why did Antiochus IV send authorities into the country?
To enforce his direction that only pagan gods be worshipped, Antiochus IV sent authorities into the country to enforce the new law and confirm that pagan worship and sacrifices were being observed. When one of his authorities entered the village of Modin, he would meet the resistance that would eventually topple the entire kingdom.
What are the two most important events in human history?
Many Christians would agree that the two most significant events of human history are the birth and resurrection of Jesus. If that is so, what is to be gained by really studying anything prior to those two events? All possible time should be spent starting in Matthew. What does the Old Testament or the Intertestamental Period have to offer? It’s the “why” they offer. Study of the Old Testament gives us the “why” of how Jesus saw and interpreted many things in his brief life on Earth. The Old Testament books “are the words he read”. 1 Jesus was raised in the stories and songs of the Old Testament. The more we understand those stories and songs, the more we add to our understanding of the Savior! What can the Intertestamental Period add?
What did Alexander the Great believe?
Alexander was raised as the son of the Greek king and tutored by the Greek philosopher Aristotle. He believed deeply in the ideals of Hellenism, thinking it to be the ultimate guide to culture and tradition. While he did allow religious freedom for the Jews he practiced and promoted a Greek lifestyle. Every resident of Palestine would know that to be successful in the Greek-ruled-Palestine, they would need to be more Hellenistic than Jewish in their everyday practices and lifestyle. Alexander’s love of Hellenism and its Greek language would eventually lead to the Hebrew Old Testament’s translation into Greek, knows as the Septuagint, under one of his Hellenistic successors. 6 This is the version of the Old Testament commonly used during the life of Christ. Jesus no doubt heard it read in the Temple as a boy. Alexander the Great’s love of Hellenism would also lead to the increasing influence of this lifestyle on Palestine in the years following his death.
When did the last Hasmonean die?
When the last Hasmonean died in 37 B.C., Palestin e needed a new authority and this one would come from Roman authority. Antipater who had worked to influence previous Hasmonean leaders used his political influence to persuade the Roman Senate to elect his son Herod as king of Palestine.
How did Judas succeed?
Although he would not be as successful in future conflicts, Judas has succeeded in partially restoring Jewish religious freedom and giving the Jews hope of better things to come. Judas was killed in a battle in 160 B.C. and his brother Jonathan took over. He would have many victories as well as having Syrian taxes abolished. He would be put to death by the Syrians in 143 B.C. Simon, the last brother quickly picked up the leadership of the now famous and revered Maccabees.
What is Hellenism in Greek culture?
What is hellenism? Hellenism is from the word hellén, the native word for a Greek; thus, Hellenism means “the system of Greek culture, Greek way of life.” This Greek culture focused upon on individuals and the mind. Several philosophical views were shaped and developed during the period of Hellenism such as: humanism, which centered around intellectualism (the goal of the mind is to know one’s self), which led to a decreasing of gods; naturalism, which is the idea that in the universe, we have a plan for ourselves (world soul); and stoicism, there is no need for the supernatural.
What led to pagan practices and behavior?
Social interaction with the pagans; mingling led them to pagan practices and behavior. Their values and their vision were contaminated and corrupted.
What was the period of exile in Babylon?
The Babylonian Period (587 – 538 BC) – This is the period in which the Southern Kingdom was exiled. A brief description is provided to assist you in following the timeline of events. Babylon is modern day Iraq.
How many men came up with the same translations in the Letter of Aristeas?
Letter of Aristeas: the story of Septuagint where 70 men came up with same exact translations.
What is doctrine development?
Doctrinal development: systematic development of the concepts of angels and demons, world empires, apocalyptism, immortality resurrection, and retribution.
What was the Hellenistic period?
This was the beginning of the Hellenistic period of Greek history, the time when many people who were not Greek themselves adopted Greek philosophy and styles, Greek city life, and aspects of Greek religion.
When were Judea and Samaria created?
Change of geography: Samaria, Judea, Perea were created by the Roman Governor Gabinius in 57 BC.
How did Herod die?
Coin of Herod the Great. Herod died in Jericho, after an excruciatingly painful, putrefying illness of uncertain cause, known to posterity as "Herod's Evil". Josephus states that the pain of his illness led Herod to attempt suicide by stabbing, and that the attempt was thwarted by his cousin.
What happened in the year 32 BCE?
32 BCE – The war against Nabatea begins, with victory one year later. 31 BCE – Judea suffers a devastating earthquake. Octavian defeats Mark Antony, so Herod switches allegiance to Octavian, later known as Augustus. 30 BCE – Herod is shown great favor by Octavian, who at Rhodes confirms him as King of Judea.
Why did Antony and Caesar go out with Herod?
And when the senate was separated, Antony and Caesar went out, with Herod between them; while the consul and the rest of the magistrates went before them, in order to offer sacrifices [to the Roman gods], and to lay the decree in the Capitol. Antony also made a feast for Herod on the first day of his reign.".
How many soldiers were in Herod's bodyguard?
He sought to prohibit protests, and had opponents removed by force. He had a bodyguard of 2,000 soldiers. Josephus describes various units of Herod's personal guard taking part in Herod's funeral, including the Doryphnoroi, and a Thracian, Celtic (probably Gallic) and Germanic contingent.
What is the Lower Herodium?
Lower Herodium consists of the remains of a large palace, a race track, service quarters, and a monumental building whose function is still a mystery. Perhaps, says Ehud Netzer, who excavated the site, it is Herod's mausoleum. Next to it is a pool, almost twice as large as modern Olympic-size pools.
Why did Herod go back to Judea?
Herod went back to Judea to win his kingdom from Antigonus. Toward the end of the campaign against Antigonus, Herod married the granddaughter of Hyrcanus II, Mariamne (known as Mariamne I), who was also a niece of Antigonus. Herod did this in an attempt to secure his claim to the throne and gain some Jewish favor.
How old was Herod when he became governor?
Herod, Antipater's son, was appointed provincial governor of Galilee in ca. 47 BCE when Herod was about either 25 or 28 years old ( Greek original: "15 years of age"), and where he faithfully farmed the taxes of that region for the Roman Senate, and where he met with success in ridding that region of bandits.