Who was Theodore Roosevelt’s speechwriter?
Roosevelt’s speechwriter and legal counsel Samuel Irving Rosenman (1896–1973) suggested having an academic team to advise Roosevelt in March 1932. This was really for show, for being such a member is rarely ever taken seriously by the politicians involved.
Who was Roosevelt's campaign manager during the campaign?
Although Howe remained Roosevelt's unofficial campaign manager, he was technically subordinate to a state campaign manager selected by Smith, as well as Smith's personal campaign manager Belle Moskowitz, with whom Howe frequently clashed.
What are some of the best books about Franklin D Roosevelt?
Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship Random House (2003). McJimsey, George. "Hopkins, Harry Lloyd" in American National Biography Online (2000) McJimsey George T. Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy (1987), biography. Meriam, Lewis. Relief and Social Security. The Brookings Institution. (1946).
What did William Howe do for Franklin Roosevelt?
After Osborne fired Howe in 1909, Howe attached himself to rising Democratic star Franklin D. Roosevelt, with whom he worked for the rest of his life. Howe oversaw Roosevelt's campaign for the New York State Senate, worked with him in the Navy Department, and acted as an advisor and campaign manager during Roosevelt's 1920 vice presidential run.
Who was Eleanor Roosevelt's chief of staff?
Malvina "Tommy" Thompson (1893 – April 12, 1953) was a private secretary and personal aide to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. She was a pioneer of the East Wing staff, being the first staffer for a First Lady of the United States who was not a social secretary.
Who was Lucy to President Roosevelt?
As a young woman, Lucy Mercer worked in a dress shop. In 1914, Mercer was hired by Eleanor Roosevelt to become her social secretary. She quickly became an established part of the Roosevelt household, and good friends with Eleanor.
Was Missy a real person in Atlantic crossing?
Fact or Fiction: FDR's private secretary Missy LeHand suffered a sudden collapse at a White House dinner. Marguerite LeHand, Personal Secretary to President Franklin Roosevelt, Washington DC, USA, Harris & Ewing, 1938. FACT: Though not as depicted in Atlantic Crossing.
What was the relationship between Franklin Roosevelt and Princess Martha of Norway?
Princess Martha and FDR jokingly referred to one another as Godfather and Godchild, and often shared meals, scenic drives, boating, and local entertainments together. Observers noted their common sense of humor and happy informality.
What was FDR's children's names?
Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.Anna Roosevelt HalstedElliott RooseveltJames RooseveltJohn Aspinwall RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt, Jr.Franklin D. Roosevelt/Children
Did Franklin Roosevelt marry his cousin?
In 1905, he married his fifth cousin once removed, Eleanor Roosevelt. They had six children, of whom five survived into adulthood.
What US president had polio?
Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York in 1882. Hyde Park remained an important place for the Roosevelts throughout the president's life. He was buried there after his death in 1945. In 1921 at the age of 39, Roosevelt contracted poliomyelitis.
How did the Roosevelts make their money?
The Roosevelt family's wealth, built through the commercial and industrial fortunes of New York City and more recent investments in railroads, was never as great as that of the industrial barons of the late nineteenth century but was sufficient to make them part of river family society.
Who was the top American official assigned to dealing with Soviet officials during World War II?
Hopkins was the top American official assigned to dealing with Soviet officials during World War II. He liaised with Soviet officials from the middle ranks to the very highest, including Stalin. Anastas Mikoyan was Hopkins ' counterpart with responsibility for Lend-Lease. He often explained Roosevelt's plans to Stalin and other top Soviet officials to enlist Soviet support for American objectives, an endeavor that met with limited success. A particularly striking example of bad faith was Moscow's refusal to allow American naval experts to see the German experimental U-boat station at Gdynia captured on March 28, 1945 and thus to help the protection of the very convoys that carried Lend-Lease aid. In turn, Hopkins passed on Stalin's stated goals and needs to Roosevelt. As the top American decision maker in Lend-Lease, he gave priority to supplying the Soviet Union, despite repeated objections from Republicans. As Soviet soldiers were bearing the brunt of the war, Hopkins felt that American aid to the Soviets would hasten the war's conclusion.
Who was the leader of the Lend Lease program?
He went to Moscow in July 1941 to make personal contact with Joseph Stalin. Hopkins recommended and Roosevelt accepted the inclusion of the Soviets in Lend Lease. Hopkins made Lend Lease decisions in terms of Roosevelt's broad foreign policy goals. He accompanied Churchill to the Atlantic Conference. Hopkins promoted an aggressive war against Germany and successfully urged Roosevelt to use the Navy to protect convoys headed for Britain before the US had entered the war in December 1941. Roosevelt brought him along as advisor to his meetings with Churchill and Stalin at Cairo, Tehran, Casablanca in 1942-43, and Yalta in 1945.
What was the largest program in the 1930s?
FERA, the largest program from 1933 to 1935, involved giving money to localities to operate work relief projects to employ those on direct relief. CWA was similar but did not require workers to be on relief to receive a government-sponsored job. In less than four months, the CWA hired four million people, and during its five months of operation, the CWA built and repaired 200 swimming pools, 3,700 playgrounds, 40,000 schools, 250,000 miles (400,000 km) of road, and 12 million feet of sewer pipe.
Who was Harry Hopkins?
Harry Lloyd Hopkins (August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was the 8th Secretary of Commerce, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt 's closest advisor on foreign policy during World War II. He was one of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs ...
Who was the executive director of the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration?
In 1931, Jesse I. Straus hired Hopkins as the executive director of New York's Temporary Emergency Relief Administration. His leadership of the program earned the attention of New York Governor Roosevelt, and Roosevelt brought Hopkins into his administration after he won the 1932 presidential election.
Who was the mayor of New York City in 1915?
Social and public health work. In 1915, New York City Mayor John Purroy Mitchel appointed Hopkins executive secretary of the Bureau of Child Welfare which administered pensions to mothers with dependent children.
Who was the president of TERA?
In 1931, New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt named R. H. Macy's department store president Jesse Straus as president of the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (TERA). Straus named Hopkins, then unknown to Roosevelt, as TERA's executive director. His efficient administration of the initial $20 million outlay to the agency gained Roosevelt's attention, and in 1932, he promoted Hopkins to the presidency of the agency. Hopkins and Eleanor Roosevelt began a long friendship, which strengthened his role in relief programs.
Who was the chief of staff for FDR?
Howe ultimately helped Roosevelt win his election to the New York Senate, and when FDR became Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1913, Howe served as his chief of staff. When polio threatening to derail Roosevelt’s political aspirations, Howe served as his liaison to the public and helped relaunch his political career with his “Happy Warrior” convention speech in 1924.
How did FDR influence Eleanor Roosevelt?
He also helped her master the art of public speaking. Once Roosevelt was in office, Howe encouraged Eleanor to expand the role of First Lady, suggesting that she conduct women-only press conferences and become a vocal supporter of certain issues, such as women’s rights.
Who was convinced that FDR was destined for the White House?
Howe was convinced that FDR was destined for the White House after just one meeting. “I was so impressed with Franklin Roosevelt… his seriousness, his earnestness, his firm dedication to his cause, that from that moment we became friends — and almost at that very first meeting I made up my mind that he was Presidential timber and that nothing but an accident could keep him from becoming President of the United States,” he wrote.
Who was the no man to FDR?
Once FDR was elected President, Howe was a grounding force and often played the role of the “no” man to FDR’s less practical initiatives. The press was often unflattering, critical of both his “ghoulish” appearance and his apparent power over the President. Howe responded by creating business cards with the title, “Colonel Louis Rasputin Voltaire Talleyrand Simon Legree Howe.”
How many conferences did Roosevelt attend?
Not to Mention the 12 Conferences Roosevelt attendeddiscussing the war:
Why did Franklin Roosevelt move to France?
Recognizing his earlier mistake in 1936 Roosevelt moved to work with Britain and France to stabilize international monetary markets.
What did FDR do in 1934?
1934 proposed and passed the "Re ciprocal Trade Agreements Act", which allowed FDR to grant most favored trade status to country's who had trade agreements with the US . Recognizing his earlier mistake in 1936 Roosevelt moved to work with Britain and France to stabilize international monetary markets.
What did FDR agree with?
FDR agreed with a 1933 Pan-American resolution which stated that no country had the right to interfere with the domestic or foreign affairs of another country. ( US interfered in latin America and the Caribbean to protect it's investments).
Why did Franklin Roosevelt fire Harry Woodring?
Roosevelt Fired his Secretary of War Harry Woodring, June 16, 1940because he objected to Roosevelt's gift of a dozen B-17 bombers to the British.
Who was the highest ranking military officer during the war?
After the war General Marshall would become Truman's secretary of state. FDR respected him, and relied on him but they did not necessarily agree especially on foreign policy. After the Munich Conference (Jun 30, 1938) where Czechoslovakia was ceded to Germany, FDR first proposed production of 20,000 aircraft for use by the Allies with his military advisors. Then Brigadier General Marshall was new to Washington. He and President Roosevelt vocally clashed over the policy in the meeting. Marshal's concern was that the US Military didn't have enough arms for itself in 1938-1941 and he opposed arming Britain and at that time France at the expense of US forces. After the meeting, Marshall's friends were discussing what appeared to be his short stay in Washington disagreeing with the President so vocally. FDR responded by making Marshall his Chief of Staff (Sept 1, 1939) and putting him in charge of building the Armed Services for WWII. The sales, leases, and gifts of weapons from the US to the Allies continued.
Who was Sumner Wells?
Sumner Wells(under Secretary of State) was a close Roosevelt advisors who was said to have played a role in Roosevelt's foreign policy. Sumner Wells seems to fit the bill of what I'm looking for only he was forced out of office in 1943 for soliciting. Was there someone else, or a group of someone elses? Someone with established credentials in Foreign Policy. Someone like the economist Keynes on the economic front whom Roosevelt consulted with on Foreign Policy.
Who was the Secretary of the President during the FDR administration?
Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. During the administration Howe's official title was Secretary to the President, a role equivalent to the current White House Chief of Staff posting. After FDR's inauguration, Howe took up residence in the White House Lincoln Bedroom.
Who was the governor of New York in 1924?
In 1924, Howe and Eleanor collaborated to arrange for Franklin to give the speech to nominate New York governor Alfred E. Smith as a presidential candidate at the 1924 Democratic National Convention. Franklin initially felt the idea was too risky, knowing that if he fell down before the convention due to his limited mobility, his political career would be effectively over, but Howe and Eleanor persuaded him to attempt it. When the convention came, Franklin successfully walked to the podium with the aid of crutches and his son James Roosevelt and received an ovation from the crowd. The walk to the podium and Franklin's speech, in which he famously nicknamed Smith the "Happy Warrior," has been regarded by later historians as the key moment in Franklin's political resurgence.
Why did Howe stay in New York City?
After the election, rather than take a job with Roosevelt's administration in Albany, Howe remained in New York City to prepare for Roosevelt's 1932 presidential run. During this period, he worked closely with James Farley, chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee and another devoted Roosevelt supporter. Roosevelt later publicly credited the pair with being the two men who had done the most to secure his election.
Who hired Howe as a political operative?
Later that year, Howe was hired by Thomas Mott Osborne, a rich Democrat, as a political operative. Osborne was a member of the "Upstarters", a group opposed to the influence of the Tammany Hall political machine in New York politics.
Who played Howe in Eleanor and Franklin?
Fictional portrayals. Howe was portrayed by Ed Flanders in the 1976 television miniseries Eleanor and Franklin ;, Walter McGinn in Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years, the 1977 American television film and a sequel to Eleanor and Franklin (1976), and by Hume Cronyn in the 1960 movie Sunrise at Campobello.
Who was Louis Howe?
Louis McHenry Howe (January 14, 1871 – April 18, 1936) was an American reporter for the New York Herald best known for acting as an early political advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt . Born to a wealthy family in Indianapolis, Indiana, Howe was a small, sickly, and asthmatic child. The family moved to Saratoga, New York after serious ...
Who was the secretary of the Civilian Conservation Corps?
Howe then spent the next four years laying the groundwork for Roosevelt's landslide 1932 presidential victory. Named Roosevelt's secretary, Howe helped the president to shape the early programs of the New Deal, particularly the Civilian Conservation Corps.
Miscellaneous
Origin
- Nonetheless, this concept was perhaps based on a group of academic advisers that President Woodrow Wilson formed in 1917 to prepare for the peace negotiations following World War I. It was the journalist James Kieran of the New York Times in 1932 who coined the term Brains Trust when he applied it to this group of experts who Roosevelt actually ignored. It was on September …
Membership
- The core of the first Roosevelt brains trust consisted of a group of Columbia law professors Adolf Berle (1895-1971), Raymond Moley (1886-1975), and Rexford Tugwell (1891-1979). Note that they were lawyers, not market investors, technicians, or economists. They knew how to get around the Constitution, not straighten out the economy. Still, these were the men who played a strategic ro…
Criticism
- Roosevelts Brains Trust was the subject of many newspaper editorials and editorial cartoons ridiculing them as impractical idealists. The image created was that these men where restructuring the economy when in fact they were lawyers. It was getting around the Constitution that was the focus. The core of the Second Roosevelt Brains Trust emerged from men associated with the co…
Purpose
- The confiscation of gold was a whole new issue. This was primarily done to ensure that the government would make the money on the revaluation of gold and not the public. It was also the idea of preventing the hoarding of money that was a serious issue at that point in time.
Causes
- Eventually, the gold standard collapsed forcing President Nixon to close the gold exchange window in 1971 because there was no mechanism to revalue gold in proportion to inflation and the increase in money supply. You cannot fix the price of money without fixing everything else. If wages rise and prices are free to float as well as real estate, then they do so against money me…