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Who is the father of polyphonic music?
Pérotin, Latin Perotinus, (died 1238?, Paris?, France), French composer of sacred polyphonic music, who is believed to have introduced the composition of polyphony in four parts into Western music.
When was Pérotin born?
1160Pérotin / Date of birth
Is Pérotin a student of Léonin?
Perotin, sometimes referred to as 'Perotinus,' was Leonin's student. He is thought to have lived from 1170-1236 and he extended Leonin's efforts by composing music with three or four vocal parts.
Where is Pérotin from?
Paris, FrancePérotin / Place of birth
Who is the father of piano music?
As a composer of classical piano sonatas, Clementi was among the first to create keyboard works expressly for the capabilities of the piano. He has been called "Father of the Piano".
How did polyphony start?
In all, significant development was made in vocal music during the Medieval period, roughly 500-1450, and the Renaissance period, roughly 1450-1600. What started with a single melodic line in Gregorian chant soon developed into polyphony, which is music with two or more musical parts played simultaneously.
When was Léonin born?
1135Léonin / Date of birth
What is Arsnova?
Ars Nova, (Medieval Latin: “New Art”), in music history, period of the tremendous flowering of music in the 14th century, particularly in France.
When did Léonin born?
1135, Paris, FranceLéonin / Born
What did Guillaume de Machaut play?
Guillaume de Machaut, Machaut also spelled Machault, (born c. 1300, Machault, Fr. —died 1377, Reims), French poet and musician, greatly admired by contemporaries as a master of French versification and regarded as one of the leading French composers of the Ars Nova (q.v.) musical style of the 14th century.
What is the melody of Alleluia Nativitas?
It starts with a polyphonic sound but switches between polyphony and monophony. A single melody seemed to lay on top of a more steady set of long sustained notes but at times, more layers were created. This gave the song a continuous feeling until the first break with a brief pause.
What characteristics are common to medieval motets?
Motets were often polyphonic, meaning there were various vocal parts sung at the same time. Though motets started being written in the late Medieval period, they developed greatly in and are most associated with the Renaissance period, which lasted from approximately 1450-1600.
Who was the earliest known composer of polyphony?
LéoninLéonin (also Leoninus, Leonius, Leo) (fl. 1150s — d. ? 1201) was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum.
How many voices do you hear in Viderunt Omnes?
four voices“Viderunt omnes” is written in a style called “organum quadruplum.”We'll get to the “organum” part later, but “quadruplum,” refers to the fact that the work has four voices, which is important because this is historians' first documented example of a work in four voices.
How would a motet be defined?
: a polyphonic choral composition on a sacred text usually without instrumental accompaniment.
What was the most important form of early polyphonic music?
the motetThe addition of these new texts resulted in what was called the motet. It was the most important form of early polyphonic music. The motet from the late Middle Ages could be either secular or sacred; it could have to do with a religious or nonreligious theme.
Where did Pérotin work?
Nothing is known of Pérotin’s life, and his identity is not clearly established. He worked probably at the Cathedral of Notre-Damein Paris, and his compositionsare considered to belong to the Notre-Dame, or Parisian, school, of which he and Léoninare the only members known by name.
How many voices does Pérotin have?
In Pérotin’s organa the liturgical chant of the tenor is heard against not one voice but two or three voices that provide highly decorative vocalizations. He is known to have composed two four-part works, “Viderunt” and “Sederunt”; another four-part composition, “Mors,” is believed to be his.
What is the life of Pérotin?
Of the life of Pérotin or Perotinus, absolutely nothing is known. For some time it was believed that a number of documents, dating from 1208 to 1238, referred to the composer, but this has recently been shown not to be the case. All we know is his name, the titles of some of his works, and his achievements, which are mentioned in two treatises: one by an eminent philosopher and music theorist, John of Garland, an Englishman who taught at the University of Paris during the second quarter of the 13th century; and the other by an anonymous English student, actually his voluminous class notes taken during the 1270s in Paris. The student informs us that Pérotin "edited" the Magnus liber organi (Great Book of Organa) of his predecessor at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, Léonin, by shortening the long sections of these compositions in which a free-flowing melody was laid over a slow-moving cantus firmus, that is, a series of notes taken from preexisting music—here from Gregorian chants of the Mass or the daily prayer hours. On the other hand, Pérotin added many sections, or clausulae, in discant style, where both voices were regulated by rhythmic patterns in strict meter. Of this style, the anonymous writer tells us, Pérotin was the greatest master ( optimus discantor ). Over 500 such discant clausulae are extant, some short ones undoubtedly the work of Léonin and of Pérotin's disciples, but the bulk probably Pérotin's own works.
What is Pérotin's best account of his achievements?
The best account of his achievements is in Donald Jay Grout, A History of Western Music (1960). □
What was the center of Western culture during the time of Pérotin?
During Pérotin's time Paris became the center of Western culture. The Cathedral of Notre Dame neared completion and with it the Gothic style of architecture its zenith. The various philosophical schools that had grown up around it during the 12th century gave birth to the first general university outside Moorish Spain, where Aristotelian science stimulated a great intellectual debate. Pérotin's music was carried from this center to all the Western countries, where it was sung and imitated well into the 14th century.
How many works did Pérotin write?
Anonymous IV attributed four compositions to Pérotin: the four-voice Viderunt omnes and Sederunt principes, and the three-voice Alleluia “Posui adiutorium” and Alleluia “Nativitas. “ Nine other works are attributed to him by contemporary scholars on stylistic grounds, all in the organum style, as well as the two-voice Dum sigillum summi Patris and the monophonic Beata viscera in the conductus style. (The conductus sets a rhymed Latin poem called a sequence to a repeated melody, much like a contemporary hymn.)
What type of music did Pérotin compose?
Pérotin composed organa, the earliest type of polyphonic music; previous European music, such as Gregorian and other types of chant, had been monophonic. Prior to Perotin, organum generally consisted of two voices: organum duplum . He pioneered the styles of organum triplum and organum quadruplum (three and four-part polyphony); in fact his Sederunt principes and Viderunt Omnes are among only a few organa quadrupla known.
What did Benoît Pérotin study?
Benoît Pérotin began training in genealogical research with his father in 1973, the same year he obtained his master’s degree in private law. He was, however, undecided about which career path to take and devoted the majority of his time, for several years afterwards, to the study of law: a Masters in private law with professors Hauser and Derrupé followed by a Masters in fiscal law with professor Lamarque. His thesis was concerned with the evolution of inheritance rights. Benoît subsequently embarked upon inheritance research alongside his father. He took over the office in 1989.
Who is Amédée Pérotin?
Amédée Pérotin was a solicitor in Aunac in Charente at the end of the 19 th century. In 1899, he founded a probate genealogy office in Bordeaux, located at Cours de l’Intendance. In 1911, the business moved to 29, Allées de Tourny, in the offices which it still occupies today. Amédée Pérotin developed the business until his death on 21 st August 1914.
