who was the pirate pope

Who was the 20th century Pope?

For the twentieth-century pope, see Pope John XXIII. Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope, as he opposed Pope Gregory XII whom the Catholic Church now recognizes as the rightful successor of Saint Peter.

Who was Pope John Cossa?

He was also an opponent of Antipope Benedict XIII, who was recognized by the French bishop as legitimate Pontiff. Cossa was born in the Kingdom of Naples. In 1403, he served as a papal legate in Romagna.

What did Pope John XXIII do in 1410?

In 1403, he served as a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the Western Schism with the election of a third alternate pope. In 1410, he succeeded Antipope Alexander V, taking the name John XXIII.

Who were the enemies of Pope John 1413?

The main enemy of John was Ladislaus of Naples, who protected Gregory XII in Rome. Following his election as pope, John spent a year in Bologna and then joined forces with Louis II of Anjou to march against Ladislaus. An initial victory proved short-lived and Ladislaus retook Rome in May 1413, forcing John to flee to Florence.

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Who was pope in 1409?

Alexander VEventually cardinals from both obediences, seeking to end the schism, arranged the Council of Pisa, which met in 1409 and elected a third pope, Alexander V, who was succeeded shortly thereafter by Baldassare Cossa, who took the name John XXIII.

Who became pope in 1410?

Baldassare CossaJohn (XXIII), original name Baldassare Cossa, (born, Naples—died Nov. 22, 1419, Florence), schismatic antipope from 1410 to 1415.

Who was pope in 1417?

Martin VMartin V, original name Oddo, or Oddone, Colonna, (born 1368, Genazzano, Papal States [Italy]—died Feb. 20, 1431, Rome), pope from 1417 to 1431. A cardinal subdeacon who had helped organize the Council of Pisa in 1409, he was unanimously elected pope on Nov.

Who was pope after pope Innocent VIII?

Pius IIIPope Alexander VIPapacy began11 August 1492Papacy ended18 August 1503PredecessorInnocent VIIISuccessorPius III18 more rows

Was the first pope a pirate?

Cossa was born around 1365 in the Bay of Naples. The future pope's first job was as a pirate. However, Cossa was simply joining the family business: two of his brothers were pirates, but both were executed for piracy by King Ladislaus of Naples.

Is there an anti pope?

An antipope (Latin: antipapa) is a person who makes a significant and substantial attempt to occupy the position of Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope.

Who ended the Western Schism?

After several attempts at reconciliation, the Council of Pisa (1409) declared that both rivals were illegitimate and declared elected a third purported pope. The schism was finally resolved when the Pisan claimant John XXIII called the Council of Constance (1414–1418).

What is Pope Martin V known for?

Pope Martin V (Latin: Martinus V; Italian: Martino V; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Otto (or Oddone) Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism of 1378–1417.

Who was the pope in 1431?

Pope Eugene IVPope Eugene IV (Latin: Eugenius IV; Italian: Eugenio IV; 1383 – 23 February 1447), born Gabriele Condulmer, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 3 March 1431 to his death. Condulmer was a Venetian, and a nephew of Pope Gregory XII. In 1431, he was elected pope.

Which pope had a child with his daughter?

And the old man licking his lips at the antics of the call-girls was none other than the Pope himself, Alexander VI, formerly known as Rodrigo Borgia. It is said that his daughter Lucrezia and his son Cesare were also there, enjoying the spectacle.

Does the pope get a salary?

The pope will not be affected by the cuts, because he does not receive a salary. “As an absolute monarch, he has everything at his disposal and nothing at his disposal,” Mr. Muolo said. “He doesn't need an income, because he has everything that he needs.”

Who was the best pope?

Pope Innocent was one of the most powerful and influential of the medieval popes. He exerted a wide influence over the Christian states of Europe, claiming supremacy over all of Europe's kings....Pope Innocent IIIPredecessorCelestine IIISuccessorHonorius IIIOrdersOrdination21 February 119819 more rows

Why was pope Benedict removed?

It was reported at the time in La Repubblica that the pope's resignation was linked to a "gay mafia" operating within the Vatican: an underground network of high-ranking homosexual clergy, holding sex parties in Rome and the Vatican, and involved with corruption in the Vatican Bank.

Who were the three black popes?

These were Pope Victor I (reigned c . 189 to 199), Pope Miltiades (reigned 311 to 314) and Pope Gelasius I (492 to 496); all three were North African men.

Who was the youngest pope ever?

Pope Benedict IXPope Benedict IX (Latin: Benedictus IX; c. 1012 – c. 1056), born Theophylactus of Tusculum in Rome, was Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States on three occasions between October 1032 and July 1048. Aged approximately 20 at his first election, he is one of the youngest popes in history.

What number pope is Pope Francis?

266th PopeFrancis, formerly known as Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, was elected the Roman Catholic Church's 266th Pope in March 2013. The first pontiff from Latin America was also the first to take the name Francis.

Which popes grew facial hair?

In a way, we can directly link him by virtue of association and the consequences thereof the Medici popes Leo X (famous for fighting Luther) and Clement VII (famous for Henry VIII’s divorce/annulment (as far as Henry was concerned), as well as the 1527 Sacking of Rome — mourning for which Clement VII grew and kept a beard, which was against canon law, but did interestingly spark the trend of popes growing facial hair for centuries to come).

What was the difference between the Council of Pisa and the Council of Constance?

The only difference between the two councils in that regard was that the one in Constance wanted the claimants to abdicate of their own accord, rather than deposing them outright. As by now the Avignon pope, the Roman pope who already made his claim during the Council of Pisa, and Cossa as the other Roman pope, had authorised the council, they would have to accept whatever decision was reached.

Why was Cardinal Cossa important?

What is important, is that Cardinal Cossa managed to become a leading figure at the Council of Pisa. The aim of this council was to end the Western Schism by deposing both the Avignon pope and the Roman pope.

Did Pope Leo X become a priest?

This was not the norm in prior centuries yet, leading to figures such as Pope Leo X (who became pope in 1513) to not have even been ordained as a priest when they ascended to the chair of Saint Peter. Though they had usually been cardinals first, this wasn’t, strictly speaking, true in Cossa’s day either, as in the year when the Western Schism began and Cossa was probably eight years of age, a pope by the name of Urban VI was elected in spite of his never having been a cardinal either.

Did the Avignon pope ignore the council?

Needless to say, after the council had done what it set out to do and duly elected a new pope of Rome, the Avignon pope and the Roman pope decided not to ignore the council’s decision and remained seated on what would have become the remnants of the hierarchical structure and foundation of the whole Western church had people not managed to eventually end the Schism in which now three popes existed as rival claimants to the ‘real’ papacy.

What ship did pirates steal a dead bishop's treasure?

The pirates who stole a dead bishop's treasure aboard the São Vicente ship in the 14th century likely used a galea sotile galley. Shown here, a model of a Galley of the Order of the Knights of St. John (Knights hospitaller), Malta. Credit: Myriam Thyes

What happened to Pope Innocent VI?

Documents published from the Vatican archives in 2014 revealed an incredible tale of pirate attacks and corruption involving a 14 th century bishop, whose lifelong accumulation of treasure was accosted by pirates on the way to Avignon, France, where Pope Innocent VI was based. One of the pirate ships ran aground and the pirates as well as a portion of the treasure was captured. The pope took the treasure and used it as gifts for royalty and to pay soldiers, courtiers and other staff.

Why was Pope Innocent VI based in Avignon?

Pope Innocent VI (reign 1352-1362) was based in Avignon due to political turmoil in Italy at the time. The pirates who stole a dead bishop's treasure aboard the São Vicente ship in the 14th century likely used a galea sotile galley.

What was the usual manner in which pirates were executed?

Hanging was the usual manner in which pirates were executed. Image source

Where did Botafoc's ship run aground?

While the ship led by Martin Yanes appears to have made a clean getaway with a bounty of treasure, Botafoc’s ship ran aground near the town of Aigues-Mortes in France, and the pirates were captured by the local garrison. The crew were quickly hanged, while Botafoc and a few of his officers were sent to prison to await their fate.

Who was Pope of France in 1411-1413?

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice and the Patriarchate of Aquileia; and in the beginning and in 1411-1413 by Hungary and Poland however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Sicily and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland. John XXIII made the Medici Bank the bank of the papacy, contributing considerably to the family's wealth and prestige.

What was Pope John's role in the Council of Pisa?

He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the Western Schism with the election of a third alternative pope. In 1410, he succeeded Antipope Alexander V, taking the name John XXIII. At the instigation of Sigismund, King of the Romans, Pope John called the Council of Constance of 1413, which deposed John XXIII ...

How did John escape from Constance?

In March, John escaped from Constance disguised as a postman. According to the Klingenberger Chronicle, written by a noble client of Frederick IV, Duke of Austria, John XXIII travelled down the Rhine to Schaffhausen in a boat, while Frederick accompanied him with a small band of men on horseback. There was a huge outcry in Constance when it was discovered that John had fled, and Sigismund was furious about this setback to his plans for ending the Schism. The King of the Romans issued orders to all the powers on the Upper Rhine and in Swabia stating that he had declared Frederick to be an outlaw and that his lands and possessions were forfeit. In due course this led to a great deal of political upheaval and many Austrian losses in the region, notably in Aargau to the Swiss Confederation .

What was the purpose of the Council of Pisa?

The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a new pope Alexander V in 1409.

What was John deposed for?

During his absence John was deposed by the council, and upon his return he was tried for heresy, simony, schism and immorality, and found guilty on all counts. Gibbon wrote, "The more scandalous charges were suppressed; the vicar of Christ was accused only of piracy, rape, sodomy, murder and incest .".

Who was the antipope of the Western Schism?

Antipope John XXIII. For the twentieth-century pope, see Pope John XXIII. Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope, as he opposed Pope Gregory XII whom the Catholic Church now recognizes as the rightful successor of Saint Peter. ...

When was Angelo Roncalli elected Pope?

When Angelo Roncalli was elected pope in 1958, there was some confusion as to whether he would be John XXIII or John XXIV; he then declared that he was John XXIII to put this question to rest. There was no John XX; this is why Gibbon refers to the antipope John as John XXII. Western Schism.

Where was the first pope born?

First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.

Who was the first pope after the end of the persecution of Christians?

Roman Berber. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great. Presided over the Lateran council of 313.

What is the name of the first pope to be depicted with a papal tiara?

Italian. " Saeculum obscurum " begins. The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara .

Why were the numbering of the popes mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages?

However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes.

What is the meaning of the term "Pope"?

The term pope ( Latin: papa, lit. 'father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope ).

When is the feast day of the Pope?

Roman. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the Council of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.

When was the feast day of the first Roman pope?

First Roman pope. Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

Prelude: Schisms Abound

Councils For Cardinals and Councils For Popes

Deposition

Aftermath

• For centuries after his short reign, Antipope John XXIII would have so stained the papacy, that only in the 20th century a pope would call himself John again. And ‘our’ John XXIII, namely the Saint Pope who was born as Angelo Roncalli in 1881 (died 1963), was fully aware of the historical implications in choosing such a name. As for the antipope, p...

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