What was Tokugawa Ieyasu known for?
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616) was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate, or military government, which maintained effective rule over Japan from 1600 until 1867. The period from 1477 until 1568 was a time of disorder and disunity in Japan. Who painted Tokugawa Ieyasu?
What should I read about the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan?
Tokugawa Ieyasu: read a biography of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who became shogun in 1600 and established the Tokugawa shogunate that was to rule Japan for over 250 years. Prehistory is divided into two sub-periods in Japan.
What does Tokugawa mean?
In this Japanese name, the surname is Tokugawa. Among others... Tokugawa Ieyasu ( 徳川 家康, January 31 [O.S. January 21], 1543 – June 1, 1616; born Matsudaira Takechiyo and later taking other names) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868.
What is the other name of Tokugawa Motoyasu?
Alternative Titles: Matsudaira Motoyasu, Matsudaira Takechiyo. Tokugawa Ieyasu, original name Matsudaira Takechiyo, also called Matsudaira Motoyasu, (born Jan. 31, 1543, Okazaki, Japan—died June 1, 1616, Sumpu), the founder of the last shogunate in Japan—the Tokugawa, or Edo, shogunate (1603–1867).
See more
Who helped Tokugawa Ieyasu?
Along with Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Ieyasu was one of the three unifiers of premodern Japan. He allied himself initially with Nobunaga; that alliance allowed Ieyasu to survive the vicissitudes of endemic warfare in Japan at that time and to slowly build up his territory.
How did Tokugawa Ieyasu gain power?
After Hideyoshi's death resulted in a power struggle among the daimyo, Ieyasu triumphed in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 and became shogun to Japan's imperial court in 1603. Even after retiring, Ieyasu worked to neutralize his enemies and establish a family dynasty that would endure for centuries.
How did Tokugawa Ieyasu influence Japan?
Tokugawa Ieyasu's dynasty of shoguns presided over 250 years of peace and prosperity in Japan, including the rise of a new merchant class and increasing urbanization. They also closed off Japanese society to Western influences.
How did Tokugawa Ieyasu influence trade?
Japan was now united under Ieyasu's control. He worked hard to restore stability to Japan and encouraged foreign trade, which included the exchange of gifts with James I of England and other European rulers. It was only later, under Ieyasu's successors, that Japan effectively isolated itself from foreign contact.
How do you say Ieyasu?
0:270:56IEYASU - HOW TO PRONOUNCE IT!? - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipI A A su.MoreI A A su.
Who was the most powerful shogun?
Tokugawa Yoshimune, (born Nov. 27, 1684, Kii Province, Japan—died July 12, 1751, Edo), eighth Tokugawa shogun, who is considered one of Japan's greatest rulers.
Which decision by Tokugawa Ieyasu was most influential in Japan's cultural rise quizlet?
Japanese Samurai were highly educated. Which decision by Tokugawa Ieyasu was most influential in Japan's cultural rise? haiku.
Does the Tokugawa family still exist?
The Tokugawa clan (徳川氏、德川氏, Tokugawa-shi or Tokugawa-uji) is a Japanese dynasty that was formerly a powerful daimyō family....Tokugawa clan.Tokugawa 徳川TitlesVariousFounderTokugawa IeyasuFinal rulerTokugawa YoshinobuCurrent headTsunenari Tokugawa6 more rows
How do you say Tokugawa?
0:381:02How To Say Tokugawa - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipYa tenéis tokugawa ya tenéis tokugawa.MoreYa tenéis tokugawa ya tenéis tokugawa.
What led to the rise of the Tokugawa shogunate?
The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars of the Sengoku period following the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate.
What does Ieyasu mean in Japanese?
Meaning & History This name is used as 家康 with 家 (ka, ke, ie, uchi, ya) meaning "family, house(hold)" and 康 (kou, yasu) meaning "ease, peace." One notable bearer of this name was the first Tokugawa shōgun, Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川 家康) (1543-1616).
What did Tokugawa Ieyasu believe in?
As Tokugawa Japan's first shogun, Ieyasu was drawn to neo-Confucianism. It eventually became the established orthodox social/political doctrine of Tokugawa Japan. The neo-Confucianism embraced by Ieyasu and subsequent Tokugawa shoguns was best articulated by the twelfth century Chinese scholar, Zhu Xi (1130-1200).
How did Tokugawa Ieyasu gain control of other daimyo?
By allying with Nobunaga, Ieyasu was able to escape Imagawa influence and subjugate Mikawa Province, becoming a daimyo himself. He then gradually increased his territory, first destroying the Imagawa through a pact with Takeda Shingen, and later conquering Takeda land.
Why was Tokugawa Ieyasu a good leader?
Ieyasu was a shrewd politician, notable general, and an astute administrator. His career and life's achievement were a success due to his personal longevity and judicious institutional borrowing.
How did Tokugawa shogunate legitimize power?
In order to legitimize their rule and to maintain stability, the shoguns espoused a Neo-Confucian ideology that reinforced the social hierarchy placing warrior, peasant, artisan, and merchant in descending order. The early economy was based on agriculture, with rice as the measured unit of wealth.
What was Tokugawa Ieyasu known for?
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) was a Japanese military leader who reunified Japan at the beginning of the 17th century after a long period of civil war, known as the Warring States or Sengoku period. He created a new government controlled by the Tokugawa family that ruled Japan until 1868.
What was Tokugawa Ieyasu’s childhood like?
Tokugawa Ieyasu was separated from his parents at an early age. His mother was forced to leave the household because of shifting clan alliances, an...
Where did Tokugawa Ieyasu grow up?
Tokugawa Ieyasu spent his early life in Sumpu (now Shizuoka) as a hostage of the Imagawa clan. There he received military and leadership training a...
What were Tokugawa Ieyasu’s achievements?
Tokugawa Ieyasu possessed a combination of organizational genius and military aptitude that allowed him to assert control of a unified Japan. As a...
Where is Tokugawa Ieyasu buried?
Tokugawa Ieyasu was buried at Kunōzan Tōshō-gū, a Shintō shrine in eastern Shizuoka. One year after his death, a second shrine was erected at Nikkō...
What happened to Ieyasu in 1569?
In 1569, Ieyasu 's troops penetrated into Tōtōmi Province. Meanwhile, Shingen's troops captured Suruga Province (including the Imagawa capital of Sunpu). Imagawa Ujizane fled to Kakegawa Castle, which led to Ieyasu laying siege to Kakegawa. Ieyasu then negotiated with Ujizane, promising that if Ujizane should surrender himself and the remainder of Tōtōmi, Ieyasu would assist Ujizane in regaining Suruga. Ujizane had nothing left to lose, and Ieyasu immediately ended his alliance with Takeda, instead making a new alliance with Takeda's enemy to the north, Uesugi Kenshin of the Uesugi clan. Through these political manipulations, Ieyasu gained the support of the samurai of Tōtōmi Province.
How did Ieyasu die?
In 1616, Ieyasu died at age 73. The cause of death is thought to have been cancer or syphilis. The first Tokugawa shōgun was posthumously deified with the name Tōshō Daigongen ( 東照大權現 ), the "Great Gongen, Light of the East".
How did Hideyoshi respond to the Nagakute campaign?
Hideyoshi responded by sending an army into Owari. The Komaki and Nagakute Campaign was the only time any of the great unifiers of Japan fought each other. The Komaki and Nagakute campaign proved indecisive and after months of fruitless marches and feints, Hideyoshi and Ieyasu settled the war through negotiation.
When did Ieyasu change his name?
In 1556, Ieyasu officially came of age, with Imagawa Yoshimoto presiding over his genpuku ceremony. Following tradition, he changed his name from Matsudaira Takechiyo to Matsudaira Jirōsaburō Motonobu (松平 次郎三郎 元信).
What was Takeda's first objective?
Takeda Shingen's first objective in his campaign against Ieyasu was Nishikawa Castle, Yoshida Castle and Futamata Castle. In 1572, after besieging Futamata, Shingen would press on past Futamata towards the major Tokugawa home castle at Hamamatsu. Later, Ieyasu asked for help from Nobunaga, who sent him some 3,000 troops. Early in 1573 the two armies met at the Battle of Mikatagahara, north Hamamatsu. The considerably larger Takeda army, under the expert direction of Shingen, overwhelmed Ieyasu's troops and caused heavy casualties. Despite his initial reluctance, Ieyasu was convinced by his generals to retreat. The battle was a major defeat, but in the interests of maintaining the appearance of dignified withdrawal, Ieyasu brazenly ordered the men at his castle to light torches, sound drums, and leave the gates open, to properly receive the returning warriors. To the surprise and relief of the Tokugawa army, this spectacle made the Takeda generals suspicious of being led into a trap, so they did not besiege the castle and instead made camp for the night. This error would allow a band of Tokugawa soldiers to raid the camp in the ensuing hours, further upsetting the already disoriented Takeda army, and ultimately resulting in Shingen's decision to call off the offensive altogether. Takeda Shingen would not get another chance to advance on Hamamatsu, much less Kyoto, since he would perish shortly after the Siege of Noda Castle later that same year.
How old was Ieyasu?
Ieyasu was 60 years old. He had outlasted all the other great men of his times: Nobunaga, Shingen, Hideyoshi, and Kenshin. As shōgun, he used his remaining years to create and solidify the Tokugawa shogunate, which ushered in the Edo period, and was the third shogunal government (after the Kamakura and the Ashikaga ).
When did Matsudaira Ieyasu become a master?
In 1565, Matsudaira Ieyasu became master of all of Mikawa Province. In 1567 Ieyasu changed his name yet again and started the family name "Tokugawa", this time to Tokugawa Ieyasu. As he was a member of the Matsudaira clan, he claimed descent from the Seiwa Genji branch of the Minamoto clan.
What battle did Ieyasu win?
Ieyasu capped a military career that spanned six decades with a victory in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 that left him in effective control of the nationwide political confederation that Hideyoshi had forged.
Where was Tokugawa Ieyasu born?
Born to a minor warlord in Okazaki, Japan, Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) began his military training with the Imagawa family.
Who is Toshodai-gongen?
At birth the son of a minor daimyo (warlord), in death canonized by imperial decree as Toshodai-gongen, a Buddhist avatar, this one-time subordinate ally of first Oda Nobunaga and then Toyotomi Hideyoshi accomplished what neither of his senior partners had achieved: institutionalizing his power in inheritable form and founding a dynastic military government that endured for nearly three centuries.
Who was the Shogun of Japan after Hideyoshi's death?
After Hideyoshi’s death resulted in a power struggle among the daimyo, Ieyasu triumphed in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 and became shogun to Japan’s imperial court in 1603.
Who edited the Reader's Companion to Military History?
The Reader’s Companion to Military History. Edited by Robert Cowley and Geoffrey Parker. Copyright © 1996 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康
The first Tokugawa shogun Ieyasu (1543-1616), the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Rise To Power of Tokugawa Ieyasu
Following the death of Oda Nobunaga at Honnoji Temple in Kyoto and the defeat of his murderer, Akechi Mitsuhide by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Ieyasu and Hideyoshi eyed each other nervously.
Sekigahara & the Establishment of the Tokugawa Bakufu
A portrait of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founding father of the Tokugawa shogunate that ruled Japan from 1603 to 1867
Tokugawa Bakufu
After the Battle of Sekigahara Ieyasu's dominance was unquestioned and he was proclaimed shogun by the Emperor in Kyoto in 1603. This was the start of the Tokugawa shogunate which was to rule Japan for over 250 years until 1867. Ieyasu was shogun for just two years before stepping aside in 1605 to allow his son Hidetada to take nominal control.
What was the relationship between Confucianism and Shinto?
While Confucianism was the official moral doctrine of the Tokugawa state, it was more of a school of thought than an actual religion. To add a religious element, Confucianism turned to Shinto. Shinto was weak in the Tokugawa period but it centered around the imperial court and family, rooting the origins of Japan and its emperor in mythology. [49] Shinto was centered on the worship of various deities and was important in Japan since it was considered its only indigenous religion, one that was completely and uniquely Japanese in origin. The relationship between Shinto and Confucianism was beneficial to both parties. Confucian scholars liked to distance themselves from Buddhism, believing they were more intellectual. At the same time, though, they felt the need to deepen their religious sentiments and Shinto was a perfect way to do this. Shinto also could benefit from some philosophical depth to their teaching, and Confucianism provided that. [50] The leading advocate of the “unity of Shinto and Confucianism,” was the shogun’s advisor, Hayashi Razan. [51] He advocated this as a way to combat the militant Buddhism that had flourished throughout the country before the Tokugawa period. Buddhism was useful for aiding the government in monitoring the population, but it was dangerous when it did too much moral and religious teaching. Razan taught that the “rise of Buddhism made the people abandon the Way of the King and Shinto.” [52] Buddhism could be a threat to the Tokugawa regime, advocating dangerous ideas, which was why Razan and the Tokugawa government sought to balance it with ideas they could firmly control, these of Shinto and Confucianism. Razan believed that the “Way of the King transforms itself into Shinto and Shinto transforms itself into the Way,” the Way being the “Way of Confucianism.” [53] Shinto and Confucianism were combined in the eyes of Razan, and he worked to promote that view. It was the view that was most in line with the Tokugawa state and the view that best helped them promote peace and maintain order.
Why did the Tokugawa order every household to identify with a Buddhist temple?
This was done in part to eradicate Christianity, a religious tradition that the Tokugawa felt resembled the militant Buddhist sects of the past and was a threat to the peace of the nation. [2] .
What was the Tokugawa's primary means of control?
These registries were a primary means of control that the Tokugawa instituted behind the veil of having a concern for religious life. In addition to controlling the general populace through religion, the shogun also attempted to control the emperor, the imperial family, and court.
Why did the Tokugawa strip the imperial family of power?
Stripping the imperial family of the power to award purple robes not only enabled the Tokugawa to control and limit the power of Buddhist institutions, but was also a way to take some power away from the imperial family and court and to cement Tokugawa authority over them. Since the robes had been imperially awarded before the shogun took control over them, it was a way for the shogun to show that he had the ultimate authority and that the actions of the imperial household were always subject to censure from the shogun. The shogun decided to strip the imperial household of this power because they had already issued directives to limit the ability of the emperor to distribute robes and these directives were being ignored. [7] The Tokugawa felt that the emperor was issuing the robes too freely and not making sure the clerics were actually qualified and deserved to be awarded a robe. The emperor at the time, Gomizuno-o, was so embarrassed by this incident and the further loss of imperial power that he abdicated his throne to his daughter, who would become Empress Meisho. [8] In this way the shogun used religious institutions to further limit the power of the imperial household, which could potentially be a threat to his power and legitimacy.
How did the Tokugawa rule?
The Tokugawa asserted their control in almost every aspect of the lives of their citizens, including their religion. They worked to quell religious strife and used religion to legitimize their rule.
What did the Tokugawa do?
Before the Tokugawa period many Buddhist sects had been militant and took up arms against the government , which was a practice the Tokugawa did not want to happen again. [1] .
What religions were prevalent in Japan in 1600?
Japan in Provinces in the time of Tokugawa Ieyasu. / Maproom, Wikimedia Commons. Buddhism, Shintoism, and Neo-Confucianism and how the Tokugawa state used these religions to their advantage. The Tokugawa period in Japan began in 1600 and lasted until 1868, and was an era of peace throughout the realm.
