who were the first people in missouri

Full Answer

Who was the first person to discover the Missouri River?

1673 - First Europeans, Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet, discovered the land that would later become Missouri were were the during their voyage down the Mississippi River.

What are the 9 Native American tribes in Missouri?

Before the Indian Removal Act (1830) there were nine tribes in Missouri, however other tribes inhabited and have connections to this land: Chickasaw ; Delaware; Illini; Kanza; Ioway ; Otoe-Missouria; Osage; Quapaw ; Sac & Fox; Shawnee

When did the first people live in the Ozark?

They camped and hunted along Ozark rivers, perhaps as long as 12,000 to 14,000 years ago. These early inhabitants were big-game hunters. The mastodon (for meat) and the giant ground sloth (for fur), still roamed the area.

What was life like in Missouri in the early nineteenth century?

Much of the population commutes to paid employment for most of their income, in much the same way as the pioneers had been forced to diversify their efforts. In the early nineteenth century, Missouri had two divergent family styles—the French and the American.

What were the names of the Missouri tribes?

Who discovered Missouri?

What is the Early Man period?

What was the Mississippian period?

What is early history?

Where is the oldest burial mound in Missouri?

What was the largest mound built in the 1300s?

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Who were the first inhabitants of Missouri?

When it became a state in 1821, Missouri had a Native American population estimated at around 20,000. Native peoples within the state included the Kickapoo, Shawnee, Ioway, Otoe, Delaware, and Osage.

Where did most Missouri settlers come from?

The settlers coming to Missouri after 1803 were mostly native born Americans. In the early years they came from states adjacent to Missouri on the east--- Kentucky, Tennessee and Illinois.

What ethnic groups settled Missouri?

Background. After the United States bought Missouri as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, a few thousand French settlers remained in the area. However, most pre-statehood settlers were Americans of English and Ulster Scots origin.

What is the oldest community in Missouri?

Genevieve is Missouri's oldest town. It was founded by French Canadian colonists and settlers from the east in 1735, and was the first organized European settlement west of the Mississippi River. Located on Second & Merchant Streets in Ste. Geneviève, this Indian Trading Post was built by French Traders in 1784.

Who first settled Ozarks?

The Ozark hills were settled by yeoman farmers who moved into the area from the mountains of the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Kentucky – individuals who were themselves descendants of farmers from Scotland, England, and Ireland. These hill people brought with them stories and tales from their ancient homelands.

Did the French own Missouri?

In that period, the French governor of Louisiana granted a trade monopoly over Missouri to New Orleans merchant Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent and his partner, Pierre Laclède....Spanish period 1762–1803.SettlementFoundingNew Madrid1783, 1789Florissant1786Commerce1788Cape Girardeau17927 more rows

Why did Germans go to Missouri?

Only eighteen German families lived in St. Louis in 1833, but some 6,000 German souls lived here four years later. Most came looking for land to escape crowding, lured to Missouri by romanticized descriptions of the state through the Giessen Emigration Society which described it as the American Rhineland.

Who first discovered Missouri?

Europeans arrived in Missouri in the late 1600s. In 1673, French explorers Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet entered Missouri traveling along the Missouri River. It was Father Marquette who first used the name "Missouri" when mapping out the region.

What immigrants came to Missouri?

Missouri was home to 122,742 women, 111,553 men, and 24,095 children who were immigrants. The top countries of origin for immigrants were Mexico (15 percent of immigrants), China (8 percent), India (7 percent), Vietnam (5 percent), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (4 percent).

What is the oldest house in Missouri?

the Louis Bolduc HouseYou'll find Missouri's oldest building in the state's oldest permanent European settlement, Sainte Genevieve, which is named for the patron saint of Paris. Built around 1792, the Louis Bolduc House was the residence of the eponymous Canadian-born lead miner, planter, and merchant.

Whats the oldest city in the US?

St. AugustineSt. Augustine, founded in September 1565 by Don Pedro Menendez de Aviles of Spain, is the longest continually inhabited European-founded city in the United States – more commonly called the "Nation's Oldest City."

What was the first city built in Missouri?

St. GenevieveFounded in 1735, St. Genevieve (Genevieve was the patron saint of Paris, France) is the oldest permanent European settlement in the state of Missouri. Established on the west bank of the Mississippi River, the village of St. Genevieve was settled about two miles south of its present location.

Where did Missouri come from?

The name Missouri derives from 8emessourit, an Algonquian term that refers to “people with canoes (made from logs),” and the popular mistranslation “muddy water” derives from Pekitanoui, an Algonquian name for the river.

Who were the first white settlers and explorers of St. Louis Missouri?

Explorer Louis Joliet and Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette traveled south on the Mississippi River in June 1673, passed the future site of St.

Is Missouri French?

The language is one of the major varieties of French that developed in the United States. At one point it was widely spoken in areas of Bonne Terre, Valles Mines, Desloge, De Soto, Ste....Missouri FrenchThe flag of the French colony of Upper Louisiana.Native toMissouri, Illinois, Indiana10 more rows

Was Missouri a Spanish colony?

French lead miners started a settlement in Missouri in 1735. Although French settlers stayed in the area, in 1763, France ceded the area to Spain, who in 1800 ceded it back to France. Missouri was sold to the United States in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase.

Colonial history of Missouri - Wikipedia

During the 1710s, the French government again began to pursue a course of increased development of Louisiana. In August 1717, King Louis XV accepted the offer of Scottish financier John Law to create a joint stock company to manage colonial growth. Law's Mississippi Company (renamed the Company of the West in 1717 upon receiving its charter) was given a monopoly on all trade, ownership of all ...

Indigenous Tribes of Missouri: Missouri's Native Peoples

There are currently no federally recognized tribes in the state of Missouri. Most of the indigenous people who once inhabited land in Missouri were forced to leave and resettle in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Kansas) during the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

Missouri History Timeline: Missouri Important Dates and Events

Missouri was admitted to the United States in 1821 as part of the Missouri Compromise. Located on the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, the state was an important hub of transportation and commerce in early America

What is the history of Missouri?

The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC. Subsequent periods of native life emerged until the 17th century. New France set up small settlements, and in 1803 Napoleonic France sold the area to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Statehood for Missouri came following a compromise in 1820 that allowed slavery. Settlement was rapid after 1820, aided by a network of rivers navigable by steamboats, centered in the dominant city St. Louis. It attracted European immigrants, especially Germans; the business community had a large Yankee element as well. The Civil War saw numerous small battles and control by the Union. After the war, its economy became more diverse, and railroads, centered in Kansas City, opened up new farmlands in the west. In the early 20th century Progressive reforms sought to modernize state and local government and minimize political corruption. During the 20th century, Missouri's economy diversified further, and it developed a balanced agricultural and economic sector. By the 21st century manufacturing was fading, as service industries grew, especially in medicine, education and tourism. Agriculture remained profitable, as the farms grew larger and fewer people lived on them.

Who was the first American to establish a semi-autonomous colony in Missouri?

As part of this effort, in 1789 Spanish diplomats in Philadelphia encouraged George Morgan, an American military officer, to set up a semi-autonomous colony in southern Missouri across from the mouth of the Ohio River.

How did Missouri's economy change?

The Missouri economy grew steadily from the end of the war to the early 20th century. Railroads replaced the rivers, trains supplanted steamboats. From 817 miles of track in 1860, there were 2000 miles in 1870 and 8000 by 1909. Railroads built new towns as needed to provide repair and service facilities; the old river towns decline. Kansas City lacking a navigable river, became the rail center of the West, exploding from 4400 population 1860 to 133,000 by 1890. Cities of all sizes grew, as the proportion of Missourians living in communities over 2000 population jumped from 17 percent in 1860, to 38 percent in 1900. Coal mining providing the locomotives, factories, Stores and homes with fuel, grew rapidly, as did the lumbering industry in the Ozarks which provided the timber for cross ties and smaller bridges. St. Louis remained the number one railroad center, unloading 21,000 carloads of merchandise in 1870, 324,000 in 1890, and 710,000 in 1910. The total tonnage of freight carried on all Missouri railroads doubled and redoubled again from 20 million tons in 1881 to 130 million in 1904.

How did the Great Depression affect Missouri?

The Great Depression affected nearly every aspect of Missouri's economy, particularly mining, railroading, and retailing. In 1933, the Missouri Pacific railroad declared bankruptcy; retail sales declined statewide by 50 percent, and more than 300 Missouri banks failed in the early 1930s. St. Louis manufacturing declined in value from more than $600 million in 1929 to $339 million in 1935; despite industrial diversification in the city, output fell more and unemployment was greater than the rest of country by the mid-1930s. The brick and tile industry of St. Louis virtually collapsed, dramatically altering the economic conditions of neighborhoods such as The Hill. In response to rising discontent with the economy, the St. Louis police surveilled and harassed unemployed leftist workers, and in July 1932, a protest by the unemployed was violently broken up by police. The Depression also threatened Missouri cultural institutions such as the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, which nearly folded in 1933. Kansas City suffered from the Depression as well, although not as severely as St. Louis. Manufacturing fell in value from $220 million in 1929 to $122 million in 1935; charities were feeding 10 percent of the population by late 1932. Unlike St. Louis, Kansas City was able to supply work to many of its unemployed citizens via a $50 million bond issue that allowed for several large public works projects.

How many troops did Missouri have in the Civil War?

By the end of the war, Missouri had supplied 110,000 troops for the Union Army and 40,000 troops for the Confederate Army. During the Civil War, Charles D. Drake a former Democrat, became a fierce opponent of slavery, and a leader of the Radical Republicans.

How many people lived in St Louis in 1860?

The population of the Mississippi River region served by St Louis increased rapidly to about 4 million people in 1860. With railroads just beginning to be important in the late 1850s, the riverboat traffic dominated the transportation and trade worlds, and St. Louis flourished at the center, with connections east along the Ohio, Illinois, Cumberland and Tennessee rivers, west along the Missouri River, and north and south along the Mississippi.

Where did the Native Americans live in 1800?

By 1800, the non-Native American population of Upper Louisiana, approximately 20% of whom were enslaved, was primarily concentrated in a few settlements along the Mississippi in present-day Missouri. The majority of land in Missouri was controlled by Native Americans. Travel between towns was by the river.

What is the history of Missouri?

The Colonial history of Missouri covers the French and Spanish exploration and colonization: 1673–1803, and ends with the American takeover through the Louisiana Purchase.

Where did the Missouri people live?

The Missouri were a semisedentary people with a major village along the Missouri River in northern Saline County, Missouri; they lived at the village primarily during the spring planting and fall harvesting seasons, while pursued game at other time. The Missouri became an ally of the French, eventually even traveling to Detroit to assist in the defense of the town against a Fox tribe attack. The Osage for their part became a more significant player in the development of Missouri history; they lived along the Osage River in Vernon County, Misso uri and near the Missouri village in Saline County. Like the Missouri, the Osage lived in semi-permanent villages, and they also both had acquired horses.

What led French settlers to decamp for Missouri?

Concern about living under British rule led many French settlers to decamp for Missouri, especially with encouragement from Laclede; upon the arrival of the British at Fort de Chartres in October 1765,. St. Ange was the interim commander of the entire upper Louisiana region until 1767. Early settlements in Missouri.

How did the Missourians travel?

Most Missourians traveled longer distances by water, and large cargo was transported by bateaux (shown above). By 1800, the population of Upper Louisiana was primarily concentrated in a few settlements along the Mississippi in present-day Missouri. Travel between towns was by the river.

How did the Spanish influence the Missouri colony?

With little return on their investment of time and money in the colony, the Spanish negotiated the return of Louisiana, including Missouri, to France in 1800, which was codified in the Treaty of San Ildefonso.

Why did Spain decamp from Illinois to Missouri?

To reduce the influence of British traders, Spain renewed efforts to encourage French settlers to decamp from Illinois to Missouri, and in 1778, the Spanish granted land and basic supplies to Catholic immigrants to Missouri; however, few settlers actually took up the offers to move to the region.

Where did the French settle in Missouri?

French settlers remained on the east bank of the Mississippi at Kaskaskia and Fort de Chartres until 1750, when the new settlement of Ste. Genevieve, Missouri was begun, During its early years, Ste. Genevieve grew slowly due to its location on a muddy, flat, floodplain, and in 1752, the town had only 23 full-time residents. Despite its proximity to lead mines and salt springs, the majority of its population came as farmers during the 1750s and 1760s, and they primarily grew wheat, corn and tobacco.

What tribes were in Missouri?

Indian Tribes of Missouri. Missouri Native American history in the Arcadia Valley Region, Black River Recreation Area of Missouri goes back to the Paleo-Indians, the ancient peoples of the Americas who were present at the end of the last ice age.

Who was the first person to see the Mississippi River?

On that account, the governor left it immediately (choosing to camp farther down the trail on Bunker’s Plateau).”. Discovery of the Mississippi by William H. Powell (1823–1879) is a Romantic depiction of De Soto seeing the Mississippi River for the first time. It hangs in the United States Capitol rotunda.

What did the Native Americans eat in the Mississippi River?

900 to 1700, the Mississipian Period, the Native Americans became highly dependent on the rivers, eating river dwelling animals and growing crops in the fertile soil of the riverbeds. Corn, beans, squash, sunflowers and gourds were grown. These were the Native Americans that De Soto and his men encountered in 1541, when they crossed the Mississippi River into Calpista and Palisema (present day Arcadia Valley Region and Black River Recreation Area) **”Another eye-witness describes the army’s journey, —We traveled for five days (from Kaskaskia) and reached the province of Palisema (which extended from Lesterville to the Current River). The house of the chief was found (probably near the mountain refuge of Centerville) with coverings of colored deerskins drawn over with designs, and the floor of the house was covered with the same material in the manner of carpets. The chief left it so, in order that the governor might lodge in it as a sign that he was desirous of peace and his friendship, but he did not dare remain. The governor upon seeing that he was away, sent a captain with horse and foot (soldiers) to look for him. The captain found many people, but because of the roughness of the land (the highest mountains in Missouri) they captured only some women and young persons. It was a small and scattered settlement and had very little corn (there’s nowhere to grow it). On that account, the governor left it immediately (choosing to camp farther down the trail on Bunker’s Plateau).”

How many states did the Osage Empire cover?

The Osage empire covered roughly a portion of four states: Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas. How many people this represented is not known, but the war-like Osage had the numbers to rule this area preeminently against the other tribes that flanked them on every side.

Why were the Osage so strong?

As quoted from History of Early Reynolds County Missouri, by James E. Bell, “Due to their marriage customs, the Osage were tall, physically strong , and possessed unquestionable courage. The smaller, weaker males often were denied marriage and the mightiest warriors got the girl plus all her sisters.

When did the Osage Indians give up their claim to the Ozark Plateau?

The Osage Indians gave up their claim to most of the Ozark Plateau in a treaty with the federal government in 1808. As paraphrased from Mr. Bell’s book, the Osage always considered this treaty not to exclude their right to use the Ozarks for their frequent hunting trips.

What animals were in the early ice age?

These early inhabitants were big-game hunters. The mastodon (for meat) and the giant ground sloth (for fur), still roamed the area. After the ice age arrived, circa 8000 B.C., the disappearance of the large mammals caused the people to hunt smaller game and rely more heavily on gathering and foraging.

How many tribes were there in Missouri?

Original Tribes of Missouri. Before the Indian Removal Act (1830) there were seven tribes in Missouri, however other tribes inhabited and have connections to this land: Chickasaw. Illini. Ioway. Otoe- Missouria. Osage. Quapaw. Sac & Fox.

Who were the women and children of the Osage Nation?

Women and children of the Osage Nation. Anna Brown (left) and Mollie Burkhardt (right) with their mother, Lizzie. Anna and her mother were murdered for their land during the infamous Osage Murders in the 1920s. A delegation of members from the Oto Nation.

Is Missouri a federally recognized state?

There are currently no federally recognized tribes in the state of Missouri. Most of the indigenous people who once inhabited land in Missouri were forced to leave and resettle in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Kansas) during the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This LibGuide presents an overview of where to find information regarding the original seven nations of Missouri.

Where was Martin Luther King Jr. raised?

The notorious killer of civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. He was raised in Missouri from the age of 6.

Who is Jesse James?

"Jesse James". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons -. This notorious outlaw was born in Kearney, MO in 1847. He was the leader of the James-Younger gang, who were known for robbing banks and trains and were responsible for several deaths.

What were the names of the Missouri tribes?

The names of the Missouri tribes included the Caddo, Dakota, Delaware, Fox, Il linois, Iowa, Kickapoo, Missouri, Omaha, Osage (see above picture), Otoe, Sauk and Shawnee.

Who discovered Missouri?

1673 - First Europeans, Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet, discovered the land that would later become Missouri were were the during their voyage down the Mississippi River. 1750 - St Genevieve established a trading post, the first permanent white settlement.

What is the Early Man period?

Early Man Period (?-12,000 BC ) - Some archaeologists accept this period and point to the Shriver site in Daviess County as evidence for a stone tool technology that pre-dates Clovis point tool technology. Other archaeologists have questioned if the Daviess site has been correctly dated and interpreted.

What was the Mississippian period?

Mississippian Period (AD 900-AD 1700) - This time period is marked by large permanent villages where populations relied upon corn cultivation for a major component in their diet. A handful of the villages grew in population and wealth until they became large, fortified towns with impressive temple mounds, plazas, and astronomical observatories.

What is early history?

Early history examines the archaeological record that tells the story of the first inhabitants of Missouri. Learn about the history and culture of the first inhabitants, and what lessons it might teach us about the early history of Missouri.

Where is the oldest burial mound in Missouri?

The Hatten mound, constructed in northeast Missouri during the Late Archaic, is the oldest documented burial mound in the state. Different burial patterns and variations in stone tools reflect three or four distinct tribes distributed across the state.

What was the largest mound built in the 1300s?

1300's - Mound builders: Largest mound built was Cahokia. This civilization spread over both sides of the Mississippi River.

Overview

Territorial and early statehood history (1804–1860)

Although Napoleon and France took de jure control of Spanish Missouri in 1800, the transfer remained secret; Spanish officials continued to govern the European settlements on the west bank of the Mississippi throughout the period of French ownership. In February 1802, the French sent a military force to reconquer St. Domingue as a stepping stone to enforce control of New France, but throughout the year, disease and the continuing Haitian Revolution ended the French …

Pre-Columbian era

European exploration, conquest, and colonization (1673–1803)

Civil War and Reconstruction (1861–1874)

Industrialization and modernization (1872–1919)

Expansion, recession, and war (1920–1945)

Moderate growth and change: 1946–present