who won in the thirty years war

Was there a winner of the Thirty Years War?

As a result of the Treaty of Westphalia, the Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic and France was acknowledged as the preeminent Western power. The power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken and the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands.

Did the Protestants win the 30 Years war?

However, the Empire struck back, sweeping through Germany and handing the Protestants a defeat. Although Christian IV was able to keep Denmark, the Danish Phase of the 30 Years' War ended in another victory for Catholicism and the Habsburgs.

Which was a result of the Thirty Years War?

As a result of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Switzerland and the Netherlands became independent; Germany became fragmented and its population was greatly reduced; and France soon became a dominant power in western continental Europe. The war also saw Spain begin to decline as a colonial power.

Who won the early battles of the Thirty Years War?

The Catholics won the early battles of the Thirty Years' War, particularly in 1620 with the victory of Ferdinand II over Frederick V.

Did Germany win the Thirty Years War?

The Thirty Years' War took place largely within the Holy Roman Empire from 1618 to 1648....Thirty Years' War.Date1618 to 1648LocationEurope, mainly present-day GermanyResultPeace of Westphalia1 more row

Who won the religious wars?

This led to the War of the Three Henrys and later brought Spain to the aid the Roman Catholics. The wars ended with Henry's embrace of Roman Catholicism and the religious toleration of the Huguenots guaranteed by the Edict of Nantes (1598).

Who won the Thirty Years War quizlet?

(1618-1625) The first phase of the Thirty Years' War which culminated in the Catholic victory at the Battle of White Mountain. (1625-1629) The second phase of the Thirty Years' War in which the Catholic imperial army led by Albert of Wallenstein won a series of major victories against the Protestants.

Which two countries were the big winners of the Thirty Years War quizlet?

France emerged as a clear winner, gaining territory on both its Spanish and German frontiers. The Hapsburg were big losers because they had to accept the almost total independence of all the princes of the Holy Roman Empire. The Netherlands and the Swiss Federation won recognition as independent states.

What were the two sides in the Thirty Years War?

The Thirty Years War began as a religious war, fought between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany. It developed into a political struggle between the Catholic Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire (Austria, most of the German princes and occasionally Spain).

Was England a part of the 30 Years War?

Abstract. This thesis explores the role of England and the English during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), and provides the first major study of the between 50,000 and 60,000 Englishmen who fought for the 'Protestant cause' within the armies of countries such as the Dutch Republic, Denmark and Sweden.

What was the first major Protestant victory in the Thirty Years War?

Battle of BreitenfeldBattle of Breitenfeld, (Sept. 17, 1631), the first major Protestant victory of the Thirty Years' War, in which the army of the Roman Catholic Habsburg emperor Ferdinand II and the Catholic League, under Johan Isaclaes, Graf von Tilly, was destroyed by the Swedish-Saxon army under King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden.

Who won the Battle of White Mountain?

Battle of White Mountain, (Nov. 8, 1620), battle fought near Prague in Bohemia. The battle marked the first major victory of the Roman Catholic Habsburgs over the Protestant Union, a military alliance among the Protestant states of Germany, in the Thirty Years' War (1618–48).

When did the Thirty Years' War begin?

Though the struggles of the Thirty Years War erupted some years earlier, the war is conventionally held to have begun in 1618, when the future Holy...

What was the Thirty Years’ War?

The Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercia...

Who was the Holy Roman Emperor during the first half of the Thirty Years' War?

Ferdinand II, the Holy Roman emperor (1619–37) and the king of Bohemia, was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and abso...

What treaty ended the Thirty Years' War?

The Thirty Years' War ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which changed the map of Europe irrevocably. The peace was negotiated, from 1644...

What led to the end of Denmark as a European power?

Near the beginning of the Thirty Years' War in 1625, King Christian IV of Denmark saw an opportunity to gain valuable territory in Germany to balan...

Who was the leader of the Catholic Counter-Reformation?

Ferdinand II, the Holy Roman emperor (1619–37) and the king of Bohemia, was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and absolutist rule during the Thirty Year's War.

Where was the peace negotiated?

The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. The treaty of October 24, 1648, comprehended the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand III, the other German princes, France, and Sweden. Some scholars of international relations credit ...

What was the conflict between Poland and Russia?

Poland, having been drawn in as a Baltic power coveted by Sweden, pushed its own ambitions by attacking Russia and establishing a dictatorship in Moscow under Władysław, Poland’s future king.

What was the legacy of the Thirty Years War?

Peace of Westphalia. Legacy of the Thirty Years’ War. Sources. The Thirty Years’ War was a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history, with more than 8 million casualties resulting from military battles as well as from the famine and disease caused by ...

How long did the Thirty Years War last?

The war lasted from 1618 to 1648, starting as a battle among the Catholic and Protestant states that formed the Holy Roman Empire. However, as the Thirty Years’ War evolved, it became less about religion and more about which group would ultimately govern Europe.

What was the first action of Ferdinand II?

One of Ferdinand II’s first actions was to force citizens of the empire to adhere to Roman Catholicism, even though religious freedom had been granted as part of the Peace of Augsburg.

What was the keystone of the Reformation?

Signed in 1555 as a keystone of the Reformation, the Peace of Augsburg’s key tenet was “whose realm, his religion,” which allowed the princes of states within the realm to adopt either Lutheranism/Calvinism or Catholicism within their respective domains.

Which country took up arms again in 1643?

The next year, 1643, was pivotal in the decades-long conflict. That year, Denmark-Norway took up arms again, this time fighting on the side of the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire.

Which country was under the control of the Habsburgs during the Thirty Years War?

By this time, only the Austrian territories remained under the control of the Habsburgs. Peace of Westphalia. Over the course of 1648, the various parties in the conflict signed a series of treaties called the Peace of Westphalia, effectively ending the Thirty Years’ War – although not without significant geopolitical effects for Europe.

When did the French enter the war?

The French, though Catholic, were rivals of the Habsburgs and were unhappy with the provisions of the Peace of Prague. Thus, the French entered the conflict in 1635.

Why did the Thirty Years War happen?

The Thirty Years' War, a series of wars fought by European nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of Bohemia (the future Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II) to impose Catholicism throughout his domains. Protestant nobles rebelled, and by the 1630s most of continental Europe was at war.

When did Truman declare war on Germany?

President Truman declares war with Germany is officially over. On October 24, 1951, President Harry Truman finally proclaims that the nation’s war with Germany, begun in 1941, is officially over. Fighting had ended in the spring of 1945.

How much did Richard Burton's wife get?

Movie star Richard Burton dazzles wife Elizabeth Taylor—and their legions of fans—when he buys her a 69-carat Cartier diamond ring costing $1.5 million. It was just another chapter in a tempestuous marriage that began on the Ides of March and continued thereafter in the public ...read more. This Day in History. 1901.

What was the name of the battle that decimated the Italian line?

Battle of Caporetto. On October 24, 1917, a combined German and Austro-Hungarian force scores one of the most crushing victories of World War I, decimating the Italian line along the northern stretch of the Isonzo River in the Battle of Caporetto, also known as the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo, or ...read more.

What was the result of the Treaty of Westphalia?

As a result of the Treaty of Westphalia, the Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic and France was acknowledged as the preeminent Western power. The power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken and the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands.

Who did Eisenhower write to?

President Eisenhower pledges support to Diem’s government and military forces. Eisenhower wrote to South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem and promised direct assistance to his government. Eisenhower made it clear to Diem that U.S. aid to his government during Vietnam’s “hour ...read more

Who was the first person to take the plunge over Niagara Falls?

First barrel ride down Niagara Falls. On October 24, 1901, a 63-year-old schoolteacher named Annie Edson Taylor becomes the first person to successfully take the plunge over Niagara Falls in a barrel.