Rather than having muscle groups work in isolation, closed-chain exercises allow for the simultaneous activation of antagonistic muscle groups (e.g., the quads and the hamstrings during leg squats), thus promoting increased joint stability and a simulation of functional movement patterns. 24 Lower-extremity closed kinetic chain exercises have often been touted as a more functional type of exercise for the rehabilitation of the lower extremity because sport-related activities are performed with the feet in fixed positions.
How do closed kinetic chain exercises improve joint stability?
[3] Superior eccentric contraction and co-contraction of muscles are produced by closed kinetic chain exercises. Along with that, the shear forces are reduced while adding comprehensive forces to the joints which enhances joint stability. [1] Image 1 and 2: One hand push up, chin up.
What are kinetic chain exercises?
Kinetic chain exercises are either open or closed. The upper kinetic chain comprises: The lower kinetic chain is composed of: A kinetic chain is considered "open" when the part of the body you're moving (typically a limb) is loose in space. In other words, the hand or foot is free to move and not pressing against a surface.
Which exercise is an example of a closed chain exercise?
A squat, for example, where the foot presses against the floor to raise the body, is a closed chain kinetic exercise. Using a leg curl machine, where the lower leg swings freely, is an example of open chain.
Do closed kinetic chain exercises improve recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?
The authors thus concluded that closed kinetic chain exercises do offer some important advantages over open kinetic chain exercises during rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 25
Which is a benefit of closed kinetic chain exercise?
During this exercise, movement occurs at multiple levels involving muscular co-contraction. The primary benefit of this exercise is the ability to exercise numerous segments and muscle groups simultaneously.
Why is the kinetic chain important?
The kinetic chain or kinetic link principle provides both the framework for understanding and analyzing human movement patterns as well as the rationale for the utilization of exercise conditioning and rehabilitation programs that emphasize the entire body, despite a target joint or anatomical structure being injured.
Why are closed kinetic chain exercise more commonly used in athletic and rehabilitation realms?
Typically, most rehabilitation protocols begin with closed-chain exercises because of the belief that they not only enhance the body's capability to produce stability, but also allow the muscles to provide the optimal amount of exertion around the joint and encourage proper centration.
Why would you select closed-chain exercises?
As a result, closed-chain exercises are safer for your joints—especially the knee joint—because the force involved is compressive, meaning it actually stabilizes the joint and helps to strengthen it.
What is a closed kinetic chain movement?
Closed kinetic chain exercise is a movement wherein the distal part is fixed, as when the sole of the foot makes contact with the ground or the exercise equipment. With the distal part fixed, movement at any one joint in the kinetic chain requires motion as well at the other joints in the kinetic chain.
What is the lower extremity kinetic chain?
The lower kinetic chain includes the toes, feet, ankles, lower legs, knees, upper legs, hips, pelvis, and spine. In both chains, each joint is independently capable of a variety of movements.
What is the importance of doing closed-chain exercises when rehabilitating a musculoskeletal injury?
Rather than having muscle groups work in isolation, closed-chain exercises allow for the simultaneous activation of antagonistic muscle groups (e.g., the quads and the hamstrings during leg squats), thus promoting increased joint stability and a simulation of functional movement patterns.
What is the difference between open and closed kinetic chain exercises?
The Kinetic Chain is a way of describing human movement and it can either be an open kinetic chain or a closed kinetic chain (CKC). In an open kinetic chain the segment furthest away from the body( eg foot) is free and not fixed to an object. In a closed kinetic chain the segment furthest away from the body is fixed.
What is the clinical reasoning behind open and closed kinetic chain exercises in ACL reconstruction?
Recently, treatment after ACL injury has been focused on closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises. CKC exercises have been used preferentially because of the belief that they are safer for the patellofemoral joint, replicate functional tasks, and do not contribute to increased risk of anterior tibial displacement.
What is an example of a closed kinetic chain exercise?
A squat, for example, where the foot presses against the floor to raise the body, is a closed chain kinetic exercise. Using a leg curl machine, where the lower leg swings freely, is an example of open chain.
What is the best example of a closed kinetic chain exercise?
In closed chain movements, the end of the chain (i.e., the limb or limbs doing the movement) is fixed in place on the ground. Classic examples include the squat, deadlift, pushup, and pullup, in which your hands or feet remain stationary.
Which of the following is considered a closed chain exercise?
Examples of closed chain movements are; pushups, pull ups, squats, lunges and dead lifts.
How does the kinetic chain work?
A kinetic chain is the notion that these joints and segments have an effect on one another during movement. When one is in motion, it creates a chain of events that affects the movement of neighboring joints and segments.
What is the kinetic chain in tennis?
The kinetic chain is the biomechanical system by which the body meets these inherent demands of tennis. It generates the required forces and helps to regulate and modify loads seen at the joints, especially the high loads at the shoulder5.
What is the body kinetic chain?
The concept of the Kinetic Chain is that during complex movements, the parts of the body act as a system of chain links, whereby energy or force generated by one link (or part of the body) can be transferred successively to the next link.
What do you mean by kinematic chain?
In mechanical engineering, a kinematic chain is an assembly of rigid bodies connected by joints to provide constrained (or desired) motion that is the mathematical model for a mechanical system. As in the familiar use of the word chain, the rigid bodies, or links, are constrained by their connections to other links.
How does closed kinetic chain exercise stimulate the proprioceptive system?
Closed kinetic chain exercises stimulate the proprioceptive system by proprioceptive feedback to initiate and control muscle activation patterns.
What is closed chain?
Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises or closed chain exercises are exercises or movements where the distal aspect of the extremity is fixed to an object that is stationary.
Why are CKC exercises more effective than OKC?
CKC exercises have gained popularity over Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) exercises because many therapists believe that CKC exercises are more reliable and functional. Uçar et al. affirmed that for rehabilitation post ACL reconstruction, CKC exercises were more effective than OKC exercises at regaining mobility and enabling a quicker return to daily and sporting activities.
What is CKCE in exercise?
Closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) corresponds closely with the exercises classified as Multiple- joint exercises. During this exercise, movement occurs at multiple levels involving muscular co-contraction. The primary benefit of this exercise is the ability to exercise numerous segments and muscle groups simultaneously.
Which exercise improves the dynamic balance?
Conclusion: Closed kinetic chain exercises improve the dynamic balance more than Open Kinetic chain exercises. In the case of static balance, both OKC and CKC exercises improved the balance in the same ratio.
What is CKC technique?
CKC techniques emphasise the sequential movement and placement of functionally related joints and therefore require coordinated and sequential muscle activation patterns to control proper joint movement.
What are the joints of movement?
The joints of movement include the knee, hip, and ankle. Lunges. Example of standing squat as a closed kinetic chain exercise. During this exercise, feet remain fixed to the ground, and resistance is manifested by the surface as a consequence of the individual's body weight or added weights in any form like dumbells.
Why do we do open kinetic chain exercises?
Clinical Relevance. Open kinetic chain exercises can be used to improve the strength and function of an isolated muscle or muscle group. 1 . This can be beneficial early in a rehabilitation program or when improving aesthetics, such as for a bodybuilder.
What is a closed kinetic chain?
Closed Kinetic Chains. Kinetic chain is a term used to describe the way a human body moves. It's especially relevant in physical therapy, sports medicine, neuro-rehabilitation, prosthetics, orthotics, and other areas of medicine that focus on the musculoskeletal system.
What happens when you walk with your right leg?
That causes your pelvis to rotate forward on the right side and backward on the left. Because the pelvis is part of the trunk, the trunk automatically moves forward, as well.
Why does the pelvis move forward?
Because the pelvis is part of the trunk, the trunk automatically moves forward, as well. Your spine turns toward the right leg and the pelvis as they extend forward, which allows you to continue facing forward as you walk and see where you're going. Each of these movements causes another.
What happens when you move bones?
This happens as a chain reaction.
When was the kinetic chain first used?
The concept of the kinetic chain applying to the human body was first put forth in 1955 by Dr. Arthru Steindler based on the theory of mechanical engineer Franz Reuleaux.
When the body part is pressed against a wall or the floor, for instance, resistance is sent back into your?
When the body part is pressed against a wall or the floor, for instance, resistance is sent back into your trunk. The body parts through which the resistance moves make up the components of the chain for that particular movement or exercise.
Why do we do closed chain exercises?
Because the load is shared with other nearby muscles, closed chain exercises may be preferred in some injury recovery. , and athletic training. Dr. Hegedus says there are both open and closed chain exercises available for most muscle groups. Here are some open and closed kinetic chain exercises for the chest and calf muscles.
What is kinetic chain exercise?
Physical therapists, chiropractors, and personal trainers use kinetic chain exercises to help with injury prevention and recovery, body sculpting, and performance enhancement.
What is a kinetic chain?
A kinetic chain is the notion that these joints and segments have an effect on one another during movement. When one is in motion, it creates a chain of events that affects the movement ...
What is the distal aspect of a kinetic chain?
In open kinetic chain exercises, the segment furthest away from the body — known as the distal aspect, usually the hand or foot — is free and not fixed to an object. In a closed chain exercise, it is fixed, or stationary. Dr. Eric Hegedus, founding chair of the doctor of physical therapy department at High Point University in North Carolina, ...
What are the advantages of open chain exercises?
“The biggest advantage of open chain exercises is that they are far better at isolating a muscle ,” says Hegedus. This can be useful when rehabilitating a specific muscle or when training for a sport that requires the use of open chain activities. An example is throwing a ball.
Is a leg curl machine open chain?
In open chain, they are not.”. A squat, for example, where the foot presses against the floor to raise the body, is a closed chain kinetic exercise. Using a leg curl machine, where the lower leg swings freely, is an example of open chain. Both have advantages, according to Dr. Hegedus.
Can a physical therapist do kinetic chain exercises?
The use of open and closed kinetic chain exercises is not limited to a physical therapist’s office. These are also techniques you can experiment with in the gym. Work with a certified personal trainer to find exercises that best suit your fitness goals. Last medically reviewed on January 31, 2019.
Which muscle is activated in CKC?
However, muscle activation of gastrocnemius (GC) and tibialis anterior (TA) was significantly increased in only the CKC exercise group. Antero-posterior (A-P) andmedio-lateral (M-L) sway velocities (both with EO and EC) were decreased with the application of CKC exercise.
What are the major contributors to physical disability after stroke?
Objective: The major contributors to physical disability after stroke are the negative impairments related to loss of functional ability and muscle strength. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of close kinetic chain (CKC) exercise and open kinetic chain (OKC) exercise on muscle activation of the paretic lower limb and balance in chronic stroke subjects.
Does CKC help with stroke?
Conclusion: These findings indicate that the CKC exercise can improve lower limb muscle strength, and balance in chronic stroke, and it may carry over into an improvement in functional performance.
How to do upper extremity walking?
To perform this exercise, loop a resistance band around your wrists, and get in the plank position. Walk your hands sideways, keeping tension on the band as you go. Maintain a stable core by keeping your abs engaged, and walk your hands sideways about ten steps to the left and ten to the right. Your feet are going to have to walk along sideways as you go too.
How to recover from upper extremity injury?
After an upper extremity injury, you may have impaired balance and proprioception in your upper extremity. Working on specific exercises to improve upper extremity proprioception can help you regain normal use of your arm. Your physical therapist may choose to use various exercises and an exercise progression like this one to help you recover ...
Why Work on Shoulder Weight Bearing and Balance?
After an upper extremity injury, you may have impaired balance and proprioception in your upper extremity. Working on specific exercises to improve upper extremity proprioception can help you regain normal use of your arm. Your physical therapist may choose to use various exercises and an exercise progression like this one to help you recover after a shoulder or arm injury or surgery.
How to get your arm to move in a quadruped position?
Quadruped position with opposite arm motions. Start in the quadruped position, and then lift up your non-injured arm up until it is parallel to the floor. Hold this position for a few seconds, and then return to the start position.
How to do quadruple shoulder exercise?
Quadruped position with arm motion on an unsteady surface. Perform exercise 3 above with your hand on a pillow or small ball.
What is the best way to improve shoulder and elbow?
One important part of your program is exercise, specifically exercises to help improve the way your shoulder, elbow, and wrist all work together to function properly. One type of exercise is upper extremity weight-bearing, also known as closed kinetic chain shoulder exercises. Stanton J. Stephens / Getty Images.
What to do if exercise causes pain?
If any exercise causes pain, you must check in with your healthcare provider or PT to ensure that you are performing the exercise correctly and to be sure it is right for you.
Introduction
Biomechanical and Neurophysiological Factors
- Biomechanical: 1. CKC techniques emphasise the sequential movement and placement of functionally related joints and therefore require coordinatedand sequential muscle activation patterns to control proper joint movement. Neurophysiological: 1. Closed kinetic chain exercises stimulate the proprioceptivesystem by proprioceptive feedback to initiate and control muscle acti…
Exercises
- Closed Chain Upper Body Kinetic Exercises
Examples include push-ups and derivatives, pull-ups or chin-ups, and dips. These concentrate on a co-contraction of the triceps brachii, Biceps Brachii, deltoids, pectoralis major and minor, and lower back for stabilizationin various ratios depending upon the angle and leverage. - Closed Chain Lower Body Kinetic Exercises
Examples include squats, deadlifts, lunges, power cleans, and leg presses. These concentrate on a co-contraction of the quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles. The joints of movement include the knee, hip, and ankle. Example of standing squat as a close…
Multiple Joint Exercises
- In compound lifting many muscles are engaged, simultaneously stimulate muscle growth. Compound lifting works multiple parts of the body is efficient and produces excellent results. 1. The most famous compound exercise is probably the squat, that targets numerous different muscles in your legs, such as the glutes, calves and quadriceps. You can do compound exercis…
Research Resources
- CKCE on Dynamic Balance ability of Normal Healthy Adult
Several systems of the human body like the nervous, musculature, and skeletal interact with each other to maintain balance. Various exercises like open and closed kinetic chain(KC) exercises, aerobic exercises, Tai Chi exercises are used to improve balance. Thirty-three healthy adults wh… - CKC exercises and its effect in jumping performance
The research is done to find whether CKC exercise provides a superior means of optimum functional performance in healthy adults or injured individuals. Twenty female physiotherapy students are the subject group in this study with no medical history. The result of the study show…
Clinical Bottom Line
- Many factors should be considered when deciding whether to use open kinetic chain versus closed kinetic chain exercises. The patient's condition and stage of rehabilitation will aid in the judgement of exercise prescription.