Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile.
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Who was Charles X and what did he do?
King of France and Navarre He ascended to the throne in 1824 as Charles X and tried to ensure the concrete continuation of the monarchy more than 30 years after the French Revolution. The Count of Artois and future Charles X was the third oldest brother of Louis XVI and the troublemaker of the royal family.
Why was Charles X not popular among the people?
Despite all this, he was not very popular among the people of France because he was a conservative and favoured old Nobles who had fled France during the French Revolution.
Who was the last King of France?
Louis XVILouis XVI, also called (until 1774) Louis-Auguste, duc de Berry, (born August 23, 1754, Versailles, France—died January 21, 1793, Paris), the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789.
What was a major difference between Charles Ex and Louis-Philippe?
B. What was a major difference between Charles X and Louis Philippe? A. Louis Philippe was liberal.
Why was King Louis tried for treason?
Why was King Louis XVI tried for treason? He wanted France to lose its war against Austria and have his power restored.
Why was Louis-Philippe known as the Citizen King?
Louis-Philippe is known as the "citizen king" because of his bourgeois manners and clothes, but his reign proves differently. Although Louis-Philippe's government revised the Constitutional Charters of 1814, it is still generally unresponsive to the needs of lower class citizens.
What was a main difference between French conservatives?
What was a main difference between French conservatives and liberals following the Congress of Vienna? The liberals believed in absolute monarchs. The liberals did not want an elected parliament. The liberals believed in personal freedom.
What was Charles fate?
Seven years of fighting between Charles' supporters and Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarians claimed the lives of thousands, and ultimately, of the King himself. Charles was convicted of treason and executed on 30 January 1649 outside the Banqueting House in Whitehall.
Who was Charles X?
Signature. Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Charles (as ...
How many children did Charles X have?
The couple had four children – two sons and two daughters – but the daughters did not survive childhood. Only the oldest son survived his father.
What was Charles' brother's health?
Charles' brother King Louis XVIII's health had been worsening since the beginning of 1824. Suffering from both dry and wet gangrene in his legs and spine, he died on 16 September of that year, aged almost 69. Charles, by now in his 67th year, succeeded him to the throne as King Charles X of France. In his first act as king, Charles attempted to unify the House of Bourbon by granting the style of Royal Highness to his cousins of the House of Orléans, who had been deprived of this by Louis XVIII because of the former Duke of Orléans' role in the death of Louis XVI.
What happened to Charles' son?
On 14 February 1820, Charles's younger son, the Duke of Berry, was assassinated at the Paris Opera. This loss not only plunged the family into grief but also put the succession in jeopardy, as Charles's elder son, the Duke of Angoulême, was childless.
What did Charles set up in the Electorate of Trier?
The Count of Provence was sending dispatches to various European sovereigns for assistance, while Charles set up a court-in-exile in the Electorate of Trier. On 25 August, the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and Prussia issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, which called on other European powers to intervene in France.
What was Charles' political awakening?
Charles's political awakening started with the first great crisis of the monarchy in 1786, when it became apparent that the kingdom was bankrupt from previous military endeavours (in particular the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence) and needed fiscal reform to survive. Charles supported the removal of the aristocracy's financial privileges, but was opposed to any reduction in the social privileges enjoyed by either the Roman Catholic Church or the nobility. He believed that France's finances should be reformed without the monarchy being overthrown. In his own words, it was "time for repair, not demolition."
Where were Charles X's tombs?
Tombs of Charles X and his son Louis at the Kostanjevica Monastery in the Slovenian town of Nova Gorica . When it became apparent that a mob of 14,000 people was preparing to attack, the royal family left Rambouillet and, on 16 August, embarked for the United Kingdom on packet steamers provided by Louis Philippe.
Who was Charles X?
Charles X (1757–1836) King of France (1824–30). Brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he fled France at the outbreak of the French Revolution (1789). He remained in England until the Bourbon restoration (1814), and thereafter opposed the ensuing moderate policies of Louis XVIII. After the assassination of Charles' son in 1820, his reactionary forces triumphed. In 1825 he signed a law indemnifying émigrés for land confiscated during the Revolution. In 1830 he issued the July Ordinance, which restricted suffrage and press freedom, and dissolved the newly elected chamber of deputies. The people rebelled and Charles was forced to abdicate. He designated his grandson Henry as successor, but the Duc d'Orléans, Louis Philippe, was selected.
What were Charles's qualities?
The new monarch possessed many admirable qualities, among them a gracious and warm personality and a strong sense of duty. He was frugal in his tastes and generous toward others.
What was Artois' role in the French Revolution?
Artois devoted his youth to dissipation and extravagance. He was the leader of the reactionary clique at the court of Louis XVI. But in July 1789, with the outbreak of the French Revolution and the fall of the Bastille, he left France.
What were Charles' weaknesses?
But despite his many virtues, Charles had two fatal weaknesses: impatience and a lack of judgment, especially in the choice of advisers. A staunch defender of royal prerogative, he could not accept the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy.
Who was the leader of the ultraroyalists during the reign of Louis XVIII?
In February 1814 he returned to France; after Napoleon's abdication in April, Artois acted as his brother's envoy and signed the armistice of April 23, which restored the monarchy. During the reign of Louis XVIII (1814-1824), Artois was the leader of the ultraroyalists, who considered the King too moderate.
Who wrote Charles X of France?
Vincent W. Beach, Charles X of France: His Life and Times (1971), is based on British and French archival materials, and gives the most scholarly and complete account in any language. Guillaume de Bertier de Sauvigny, The Bourbon Restoration (1963 ed.; trans. 1966), gives the best defense of Charles X. The topical account by Frederick B. Artz, France under the Bourbon Restoration, 1814-1830 (1931), presents a good synthesis and has an excellent bibliography. □
Who was the last king of France?
The French king Charles X (1757-1836) ruled from 1824 to 1830. The younger brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he was the last Bourbon king of France.
How did Charles X start his reign?
King Charles X began his rein by abolition of censorship. He also offered broad amnesty to political prisoners and promised to rule according to the Charter. However, he was also very impatient and suffered from lack of judgment. Consequently, he introduced a number of laws, which made him very unpopular.
Who was Charles X of France?
Charles X of France was born as Charles Philippe to Dauphin Louis de France and Dauphine Marie Josephduring the reign of his grandfather King Louis XV. At birth he was made Count of Artois by the king and spent the greater part of his life as such. As Charles had three elder brothers, he had little chance of becoming the king.
What happened to the royal family in 1793?
By September, monarchy was abolished and the royal family was imprisoned. In the same year Charles escaped to Britain and received a generous allowance from King George III. In 1793, King Louis XVI along with his queen Marie Antoinette was guillotined. Crown prince Louis XVII died two years later in prison.
What was the secret police that Charles created?
Before the King could arrive in France, Charles created an ultra royalist secret police. Even after the King was reinstated, the force continued to operate and provided information directly to Charles bypassing the King.
What happened to Charles' grandfather?
Charles' Political Awakening. In 1786, the monarchy in France had to face the first ever challenge. By that time, Charles’ grandfather Louis XV had passed away and Louis-Auguste had succeeded him as King Louis XVI of France. During this period, France was nearly bankrupt from wars. It soon became clear that to survive, ...
Why did Charles abandon his lifestyle?
To distract him from such scandalous affairs, he was engaged in the siege of Gibraltar in 1782. Later, he abandoned such a lifestyle to concentrate on politics.
How many children did Charles Ferdinand have?
The couple had two sons Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême and Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry; two daughters Sophie and Marie Thérèse. After abdication, Charles first left for Great Britain. He reached England on August 16, 1830 as a private citizen. Unlike last time, he was not at all welcomed there.
Why is Charles gas law important?
If the amount of gas in a container is increased, the volume increases.
How does Charles law affect us?
Charles’ Law does not affect breathing nearly as much as Boyle’s Law does, but it does have an effect. … You take shorter breaths in winter to account for the increased volume of inspired air. On a hot summer day (37 °C), the air temperature is the same outside as inside your lungs. You would be inhaling 500 mL of air.
How do you explain Charles Law?
Charles’s law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. A modern statement of Charles’s law is: When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion.
What relationship does Charles Law explain?
Charles’s Law states that the Volume (V) of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature (T). This law is valid as long as the pressure and the amount of gas are constant. The temperature must be an absolute temperature: VT=k (constant)
What is a good example of Charles Law?
One easy example of Charles’ Law is a helium balloon. If you fill a helium balloon in a warm or hot room, and then take it into a cold room, it shrinks up and looks like it has lost some of the air inside. But if you take it back to a warm or hot place, it fills back up and seems to be full again.
What book did Charles Darwin recommend?
My son just left for the Galapagos Islands, and recommended the book “Sapiens”. It truly is amazing that Charles Darwin put together the pieces, and his ideas have changed human history and our perceptions of our place both in nature and the history of the world.
What was the purpose of the ship that Captain Fitzroy sailed from Plymouth?
The main object was to make good naval charts of parts of South America, which was the speciality of Captain Fitzroy, who was also rather fundamentalist in his religious views.
Why is Darwin important?
Charles Darwin is centrally important in the development of scientific and humanist ideas because he first made people aware of their place in the evolutionary process when the most powerful and intelligent form of life discovered how humanity had evolved.
When did Charles X come to power?
Charles X came to the throne in 1824, upon the death of his brother Louis XVIII, and spent the next few years bringing back various royal traditions that the French people would rather had stayed dead.
What did Charles X try to undermine?
Charles X trying to undermine the constitution, called the Charter, finally brought him down. The Princess Royal was taking the waters at Vichy and had not been informed. Maybe she could have prevented it, maybe not.
Did Charles X need the Princess?
Even Charles X was aware he would need the Princess as the First Lady and promised to consult her on serious matters. He broke his word, continiously..
Did Louis Philippe have a revolution?
But there was not a complete Revolution. Louis-Philippe kept most of institutions of the Kingdom of France intact, as regulated 1815–1824. He updated a few but essentially he used -and later misused- the same royal powers as Louis XVIII. At least there was a continuation.
Overview
Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Charles (as heir-presumptive) became the leader of the ultr…
Childhood and adolescence
Charles Philippe of France was born in 1757, the youngest son of the Dauphin Louis and his wife, the Dauphine Marie Josèphe, at the Palace of Versailles. Charles was created Count of Artois at birth by his grandfather, the reigning King Louis XV. As the youngest male in the family, Charles seemed unlikely ever to become king. His eldest brother, Louis, Duke of Burgundy, died unexpectedly i…
Marriage and private life
In November 1773, Charles married Marie Thérèse of Savoy.
In 1775, Marie Thérèse gave birth to a boy, Louis Antoine, who was created Duke of Angoulême by Louis XVI. Louis-Antoine was the first of the next generation of Bourbons, as the king and the Count of Provence had not fathered any children yet, causing the Parisian libellistes (pamphleteers who published scandalous l…
Crisis and French Revolution
Charles's political awakening started with the first great crisis of the monarchy in 1786, when it became apparent that the kingdom was bankrupt from previous military endeavours (in particular the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence) and needed fiscal reform to survive. Charles supported the removal of the aristocracy's financial privileges, but was opposed to any reduction in the social privileges enjoyed by either the Roman Catholic Church or the nobility. He …
Life in exile
Charles and his family decided to seek refuge in Savoy, his wife's native country, where they were joined by some members of the Condé family. Meanwhile, in Paris, Louis XVI was struggling with the National Assembly, which was committed to radical reforms and had enacted the Constitution of 1791. In March 1791, the Assembly also enacted a regency bill that provided for the case of th…
Bourbon Restoration
In January 1814, Charles covertly left his home in London to join the Coalition forces in southern France. Louis XVIII, by then reliant on a wheelchair, supplied Charles with letters patent creating him Lieutenant General of the Kingdom of France. On 31 March, the Allies captured Paris. A week later, Napoleon I abdicated. The Senate declared the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy, with …
King's brother and heir presumptive
While the king retained the liberal charter, Charles patronised members of the ultra-royalists in parliament, such as Jules de Polignac, the writer François-René de Chateaubriand and Jean-Baptiste de Villèle. On several occasions, Charles voiced his disapproval of his brother's liberal ministers and threatened to leave the country unless Louis XVIII dismissed them. Louis, in turn, feared that his brother's and heir presumptive's ultra-royalist tendencies would send the family int…
Reign
Charles' brother King Louis XVIII's health had been worsening since the beginning of 1824. Having both dry and wet gangrene in his legs and spine, he died on 16 September of that year, aged almost 69. Charles, by now aged 66, succeeded him to the throne as King Charles X. On 29 May 1825, King Charles was anointed at the cathedral of Reims, the traditional site of consecration of Fr…