Chlorine for Wastewater Treatment
- Wastewater Disinfection The primary concern of wastewater disinfection is the removal of pathogenic microorganisms. ...
- Forms of Chlorine Chlorine can be present as free chlorine or as chloramines. ...
- Disinfection By-products Organic molecules that are not removed prior to disinfection become precursors for DBPs that are potentially harmful to human health. ...
- Chlorine Monitoring ...
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What is the purpose of chlorine?
Chlorine has a variety of uses. It is used to disinfect water and is part of the sanitation process for sewage and industrial waste. During the production of paper and cloth, chlorine is used as a bleaching agent. It is also used in cleaning products, including household bleach which is chlorine dissolved in water.
What can be used to replace chlorine during the sewage treatment process?
Bromine (Br) Bromine is a heavy red-brown liquid that is a viable alternative to chlorine for water disinfection when water is released into the environment. Because ammonia is present in sewage water, bromamines are produced through injection of bromine and are even more effective than chloramines.
How much chlorine is used in wastewater treatment?
For most municipal and other wastewater systems, a chlorine dioxide residual concentration of up to 5 ppm is sufficient to provide adequate disinfection.
What chlorine is used in water treatment?
The three most common types of chlorine used in water treatment are: chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, and calcium hypochlorite.
What are the advantages of chlorination?
Chlorination is a great method of purification. The pros to using chlorine include: Almost all harmful bacteria and viruses are eliminated. This helps it pass the drinking water quality testing lab.
What is the disadvantage of using chlorine in the disinfection of wastewater?
Chlorination is the most commonly used disinfection process to pretreat the water to reduce biofouling. Although chlorination is widely used, it has several disadvantages, such as formation of disinfection by-products and being ineffective against some types of microbes.
How is chlorine removed from wastewater?
Typically, dechlorination is accomplished by adding sulfur dioxide or sulfite salts (i.e., sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, or sodium metabisulfite). Carbon adsorption is also an effective dechlorination method, but is expensive compared to other methods.
What is used to disinfect sewage?
Chlorination The application of chlorine or chlorine compounds to water or wastewater, usually for the purpose of pathogen reduction. In some circumstances, chlorination may also provide chemical oxidation and odour control.
Does chlorine reduce bod?
BOD reduction: Chlorine accomplishes BOD reduction by oxidation of organic compounds present in wastewaters. 4. Oxidation of metal ions: Metal ions which are in reduced state are oxidized by chlorine (e.g., ferrous to ferric ion and manganous to manganic ions).
What is the pH of chlorine?
13When added to water, liquid chlorine (which has a pH of 13) makes HOCl (hypochlorous acid – the killing form of chlorine) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide), which raises pH.
What happens when chlorine is added to water?
Chlorine will react in water to form hypochlorous acid, which can then dissociate into hydrogen and hypochlorite ions, according to Eqn (1). This reaction is very important, as the disinfecting power of HOCl, hypochlorous acid, is about 40–80 times that of OCl−, hypochlorite.
Why is chlorination of waste water not desirable?
The drawbacks of chlorination are: Relatively low protection against protozoa. Lower disinfection effectiveness in turbid waters. Potential taste and odor objections. Must ensure quality control of solution.
What is a good alternative to chlorine?
Alternatives to Chlorine You Could ConsiderBromine: Bromine is used as an alternative to chlorine. ... Ozonation: You can easily install an ozone generator. ... Reduction in Water Temperature: ... PHMB: ... U/V Light: ... Ultrafiltration: ... Mineral Water Pool Systems: ... Pristine Blue:More items...
What are two alternatives to chlorination in water treatment?
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and reverse osmosis (RO) filtration both have proved effective at inactivating specific protozoan. Both methodologies purify water without the addition of harsh chemicals or the need to handle hazardous materials.
What kind of chlorine is used in septic systems?
calcium hypochloriteChlorine Tablets for Septic Systems The septic chlorine tablets are made from calcium hypochlorite and are NSF/ANSI certified to Standard 60 and are approved by EPA for the disinfection of wastewater.
Are there alternatives for sodium hypochlorite?
Citric acid as alternative to sodium hypochlorite for washing and disinfection of experimentally-infected spinach leaves.