What type of cartilage is glassy in appearance?
Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage, is composed of type II collagen and chondromucoprotein and often has a glassy appearance. Note the numerous chondrocytes in this image, each located within lacunae and surrounded by the cartilage they have produced.
What are the histologic characteristics of hyaline cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage histology 1 Matrix. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of hyaline cartilage is homogeneous and glassy, rich in in type II collagen, proteoglycans such as aggrecan, and structural glycoproteins such as chondronectin. 2 Chondrocytes. Chondrocytes occupy relatively little of the hyaline cartilage mass. ... 3 Perichondrium. ...
What type of extracellular matrix is hyaline cartilage?
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of hyaline cartilage is homogeneous and glassy, rich in in type II collagen, proteoglycans such as aggrecan, and structural glycoproteins such as chondronectin.
Where are chondrocytes found in the hyaline cartilage?
Chondrocytes occupy relatively little of the hyaline cartilage mass. They are embedded in an extensive matrix and are located in matrix cavities known as lacunae, which appear as tiny white lakes under a light microscope. Chondrocytes are important in synthesizing and maintaining components of the ECM.
Is hyaline cartilage glassy?
Hyaline cartilage This type of cartilage has a glassy appearance when fresh, hence its name, as hyalos is greek for glassy. It looks slightly basophilic overall in H&E sections. Hyaline cartilage has widely dispersed fine collagen fibres (type II), which strengthen it. The collagen fibres are hard to see in sections.
Why is hyaline glossy?
The reason for this is because of the high concentration of sulfated GAGs in the matrix mask the collagen fibers. Type II collagen fibers are also very small which is why the extracellular matrix appears so shiny and smooth. There is no uniform distribution within the extracellular matrix.
Which cartilage has a glassy in appearance?
Hyaline cartilage is named for its glassy appearance, and with a few exceptions occurs at the articular surfaces of most bones (see section on fibrocartilage for exceptions), the ventral parts of the ribs, the cartilages of the trachea, the first few bronchi in the rat and in some laryngeal cartilages (Fig. 3.4).
What is the glassy smooth surface made of hyaline cartilage in a joint?
Hyaline cartilage is the glass-like (hyaline) and translucent cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is also most commonly found in the ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea....Hyaline cartilageTHH2.00.03.5.00015FMA64783Anatomical terminology3 more rows
What makes hyaline cartilage unique?
Hyaline cartilage is very uniform in appearance. It is surrounded by a membrane called the perichondrium, which provides nutrients to the cartilage since the cartilage tissue has no blood vessels of its own.
Why is hyaline cartilage smooth?
The cells are called chondrocytes (ch) and the spaces in the cartilage in which they are found are called lacunae. Hyaline cartilage has very few fibers in its matrix, so the matrix usually looks smooth.
What is the main function of hyaline cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage is slippery and smooth which helps your bones move smoothly past each other in your joints. It's flexible but strong enough to help your joints hold their shape. Hyaline cartilage locations in your body include: At the ends of bones that form joints.
What makes up hyaline cartilage?
The matrix of hyaline cartilage is composed of type II collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and extracellular fluid. The semitranslucent blue-gray matrix of hyaline cartilage contains up to 40% of its dry weight in collagen.
What is the difference between hyaline and elastic cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage is a translucent white type of cartilage present in areas of the body such as the joints. The main difference between this type of cartilage and elastic cartilage is that elastic cartilage contains many elastic fibers, whilst hyaline cartilage contains a matrix of mainly collagen fibers.
What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage quizlet?
Hyaline cartilage appears glassy, shinny, and whitish-blue when fresh. About 40% of the matrix is comprised of collagen fibers which give it strenght, but they are fine and indistinguishable. The remainder of the matrix is ground substance. The primary proteoglycan of the ground substance is chondroitin sulfate.
Which type of cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium and named for its clear glassy appearance?
Elastic cartilage (like hyaline cartilage) has chondrocytes located in lacunae and the tissue is surrounded by a perichondrium .
Why is hyaline cartilage different from elastic or fibrocartilage?
The main difference between fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage is that fibrocartilage is stiff and contains many collagen fibers whereas hyaline cartilage is a soft cartilage that contains fewer fibers.
How does hyaline appear on H & E stain give the distinguishing features?
Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage looks homogeneously pink, and the term "hyaline" is used to describe similarly homogeneously pink material besides the cartilage.
What is the hyaline material?
Hyaline membranes are a coagulum of cell debris, surfactant, and serum proteins that result from epithelial injury and large amounts of soluble and insoluble proteins in the air spaces.
What is hyaline made of?
The matrix of hyaline cartilage is composed of type II collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and extracellular fluid. The semitranslucent blue-gray matrix of hyaline cartilage contains up to 40% of its dry weight in collagen.
What is hyaline material made of?
The hyaline material is composed of precipitated plasma proteins, a major component being the inactive form of complement C3b.
What is hyaline cartilage?
The word hyaline means “glass-like”, and hyaline cartilage is a glossy, greyish-white tissue with a uniform appearance. It is one of the three types of cartilage; the other two types are elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type of cartilage in the body.
Where is hyalin cartilage found?
It is found in structures like the nose, ears, and areas where the ends of the ribs attach to the sternum, and in parts of the respiratory system like the trachea and larynx, where it helps give these parts their form but also gives them some flexibility.
Why is collagen not visible under a microscope?
In microscope images, the collagen in hyaline cartilage is not visible because it is so fine. The other types of cartilage, elastic and fibrocartilage, have visible collagen when viewed under a microscope.
Why is cartilage the weakest?
However, it is the weakest of the three types of cartilage because its collagen fibers are very fine. Cartilage tissue does not have nerves or blood vessels. Instead, it has a simple structure that is mainly made up of groups of cells called chondrocytes embedded in an intracellular matrix.
What are the three types of cartilage?
C is correct. The three types of cartilage are hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Mesocartilage does not exist.
What is the membrane that surrounds hyaline cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage is very uniform in appearance. It is surrounded by a membrane called the perichondrium, which provides nutrients to the cartilage since the cartilage tissue has no blood vessels of its own.
Which type of cartilage contains collagen?
B is correct. Hyaline cartilage contains type II collagen. All cartilage contains type II collagen; only fibrocartilage has both type I and type II collagen. Type I is found in organs, skin, tendons, and bones. Type III is a main component of reticular fibers in soft tissues like the liver, while type IV makes up the basal lamina. There are 28 types of collagen, but types I, II, and III comprise most of the collagen in the body.
What is hyaline cartilage?
During embryonic development, hyaline cartilage serves as temporary cartilage models that are essential precursors to the formation of most of the axial and appendicular skeleton. This article will focus on important features of hyaline cartilage, namely its matrix, chondrocytes, and perichondrium.
Where is hyaline cartilage located?
In adults, hyaline cartilage is located in the articular surfaces of movable joints, in the walls of the respiratory tracts (nose, larynx, trachea, and bronchi ), in the costal cartilages, and in the epiphyseal plates of long bones.
What is the term for the loss of cartilage in the articular ends of movable joints?
Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition that generally occurs with aging. It involves the gradual loss or changes in the physical properties of the hyaline cartilage that covers the articular ends of movable joints. Hyaline cartilage in the joints that are weight-bearing ( knees and hips) or that are heavily used ( wrist and fingers) are most prone to degeneration. Wear-and-tear to the articular cartilage releases fragments that secrete matrix metalloproteinases. These exacerbate damage and are the source of pain and inflammation within the joint.
Why do chondrocytes have irregular shapes?
That is because cartilage cells and the matrix often shrink during routine histologic preparations. In living tissue and in properly prepared sections, chondrocytes completely fill their lacunae.
Why is cartilage important?
It is essential for the growth and maintenance of cartilage, as it harbors its vascular supply, as well as its nerves and lymphatic vessels. Although the articular cartilage of movable joints is not covered by perichondrium, they are sustained by diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from synovial fluid.
Which cartilage is most prone to degeneration?
Hyaline cartilage in the joints that are weight-bearing ( knees and hips) or that are heavily used ( wrist and fingers) are most prone to degeneration. Wear-and-tear to the articular cartilage releases fragments that secrete matrix metalloproteinases.
Why are chondrocytes important?
Chondrocytes are important in synthesizing and maintaining components of the ECM. At the periphery, young chondrocytes (or chondroblasts) have an elliptic shape, with their long axis parallel to the surface. At the core, mature chondrocytes have a round shape and often appear as a group of up to eight cells.
What is hyaline cartilage? What are some examples?
Around the bones of free-moving joints, hyaline cartilage is present. Articular cartilage is what this is called. The tissue present in the walls of the respiratory tract is another example of hyaline cartilage. The bronchi, nose, trachea rings, and rib tips all fall under this category.
How thick is hyaline cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage is a kind of articular cartilage. It differs from normal hyaline cartilage in that the chondrocytes at the surface are flattened. It is 2 to 4 mm thick in people. There are no blood vessels, nerves, or lymphatics in it. It has a thick ECM but sparse chondrocytes.
What are the gaps in cartilage?
Chondroblasts (or perichondrial cells) generate the extracellular matrix (or ground material), chondrocytes reside in gaps called lacunae, and collagen fibres make up cartilage.
What type of collagen is used in articular cartilage?
Type II collagen makes up articular cartilage, although it also contains tiny quantities of type VI, IX, X, and XI collagen.
Why is cartilage prone to recovery?
Due to a lack of blood flow to the chondrocytes, cartilage tissues are prone to recovering slowly following an injury. This indicates that the matrix is taking a long time to develop. Furthermore, chondrocytes become trapped in lacunae and are unable to move to a damaged region. Scar tissue develops from damaged tissue.
Which type of collagen is thinner than type I?
Fine type II collagen fibres, chondrocytes (matrix-producing cells), and the extracellular matrix make up hyaline cartilage (or ground substance). Collagen fibres of type II are thinner than collagen fibres of type I. Collagen types I, IV, V, VI, IX, and XI are also found in trace amounts and assist in holding the fibres together.
Where is endosternite cartilage located?
It has a higher fibrous content than vertebrate hyaline cartilage. It’s located near the ventral nerve cords and cartilage tissue of the gills.