The name 'Umbrella Revolution' was coined by Adam Cotton on Twitter on 26 September 2014, in reference to the umbrellas used for defense against police pepper spray, and quickly gained widespread acceptance after appearing in an article in The Independent on 28 September reporting the use of teargas against protestors that day.
Why is it called the Umbrella Movement?
It was called "the Umbrella Movement" because protesters used umbrellas to protect themselves from the tear gas used by police. What are the current protests about? To enjoy the CBBC Newsround website at its best you will need to have JavaScript turned on.
What is Hong Kong’s ‘Umbrella Revolution?
Hong Kong, one of the world’s most important financial hubs, has exploded into protest. Since Sunday night, the so-called “umbrella revolution” has turned the city’s gleaming central business district into a virtual conflict zone, replete with shouting mobs, police in riot gear, and clouds of tear gas.
Why was the Umbrella Movement called White Terror?
Use of the device against minors involved in the Umbrella Movement was seen as "white terror" to deter young people from protesting. On 18 June 2015, the Legislative Council rejected the government's electoral reform proposal by 28 votes to 8.
What happened to the Hong Kong Umbrella protests?
Though the original Umbrella protests died down the action inspired many people in Hong Kong to take to the streets to protest in ways we have seen once again in recent months.
Why do people bring umbrellas to protests?
The bumbershoot tactic has roots in the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement of 2014 when tens of thousands of protesters, demanding open elections, used umbrellas to protect themselves from tear gas released by police.
Where did the umbrella movement occur?
A series of sit-in street protests, often called the Umbrella Revolution and sometimes used interchangeably with Umbrella Movement, or Occupy Movement, occurred in Hong Kong from 26 September to 15 December 2014.
Is Hong Kong part of China?
While Hong Kong is part of China, the policy has given the Special Administrative Region (SAR) a high degree of autonomy.
Who brought an umbrella and why?
The basic umbrella was probably invented by the Chinese over 4,000 years ago. But evidence of their use can be seen in ancient art and artifacts of the same period in Egypt and Greece as well. The first umbrellas were designed to provide shade from the sun.
Why did the Chinese invent the umbrella?
The inventions of umbrella can be traced back as early as 3500 years ago in China. Legend has it, Lu Ban, a Chinese carpenter and inventor created the first umbrella. Inspired by children using lotus leaves as rain shelter, he created umbrella by making a flexible framework covered by a cloth.
What country did Britain give back to China?
Hong KongAt midnight on July 1, 1997, Hong Kong was peaceably handed over to China in a ceremony attended by numerous international dignitaries, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Prince Charles, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, and U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.
When did China leave the British Empire?
July 1, 1997On July 1, 1997, the lease ended and the government of Great Britain transferred control of British Hong Kong and the surrounding territories to the People's Republic of China.
Why did the British give Hong Kong to China?
After the Second Opium War, Beijing was forced to also cede Kowloon in 1860, the area on the mainland opposite the island. In 1898, to enforce its control of the area, the UK leased additional land, known as the New Territories, promising to return them to China in 99 years.
Where did the protests take place?
The George Floyd protests were a series of protests and civil unrest against police brutality and racism that began in Minneapolis on May 26, 2020, and largely took place during 2020.
How did the umbrella impact Ancient China?
Because of their scarcity and high cost, umbrellas quickly became symbol of power in China and surrounding Asian countries. To differentiate themselves from the rest of population, Chinese royal members carried only red or yellow umbrellas, while rest used blue ones.
What dynasty was the umbrella invented in China?
Although the collapsible Chinese paper umbrella is believed to have existed in China since before the beginning of the Christian era, the first historical reference to the Chinese paper umbrella stems from the 21 CE mention of a paper umbrella made for the 4-wheeled "chariot" of Emperor Wang Mang (a royal official who ...
What dynasty was the umbrella created?
Ancient Egypt The earliest known parasols in Ancient Egyptian art date back to the Fifth Dynasty, around 2450 BC. The parasol is found in various shapes.
How this happened ?
Hong Kong, a former British colony of 7 million people, has been governed under a “one country, two systems” framework since it was handed back to Chinese control in 1997.
The violence of Police
A number of installations and sculptures were created at occupation sites, of which one of the largest is a patchwork hanging in the middle of Umbrella Square made of fabric taken from more than a hundred broken umbrellas which were sewn together. Baptist University art students, to bolster the movement in the early days, developed the concept.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA
This revolution in Hong Kong has been fueled by tweets and hashtags from demonstrators and supporters worldwide. The Umbrella Revolution had more than 1.3 million tweets between the 26th and 29th of September which represented over 1.3 million opportunities to be heard, persuade someone, and advocate for change.
What is the umbrella revolution in Hong Kong?
Since Sunday night, the so-called “umbrella revolution” has turned the city’s gleaming central business district into a virtual conflict zone, replete with shouting mobs, police in riot gear, and clouds of tear gas. Tens of thousands of Hong Kong residents – young and old, rich and poor – have peacefully occupied major thoroughfares across the city, shuttering businesses and bringing traffic to a halt. They claim that Beijing reneged on an agreement to grant them open elections by 2017, and demand “true universal suffrage”. Organisers said on Monday that the protest would not end until Beijing changes its electoral guidelines and Leung Chun-Ying, the city’s pro-Beijing chief executive, steps down. Neither side seems prepared to back off, and nobody knows how the standoff will end.
What is the symbol of the Hong Kong pro-democracy movement?
A woman picks up a yellow ribbon - a symbol of the Hong Kong pro-democracy movement. Photograph: ALEX OGLE/AFP/Getty Images
What is civil disobedience campaign?
The civil disobedience campaign is about more than open elections – it’s about the future of the city’s relationship with Beijing. Hong Kong residents say that over the past few years, the central government has been slowly and systematically tightening its grip over the city, leading them to feel politically marginalised and economically squeezed. Real estate markets have flooded with mainland money, making home ownership prohibitively expensive. Local media outlets have begun to rigorously self-censor, for fear of losing advertisers. Outspoken voices have been threatened, even attacked.
When did the People's Liberation Army open fire on protesters?
Nobody wants to see a repeat of 4 June 1989, when Beijing dispatched the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to open fire on peaceful pro-democracy protesters. The PLA maintains a garrison in Hong Kong, but Leung said in a televised address on Monday morning that the Hong Kong government would not call in the troops.
Which country is responsible for Hong Kong's defence?
The principle is simple in theory — Beijing is responsible for the city’s defence and foreign affairs; Hong Kong enjoys limited self-governance and civil liberties, including an independent judiciary and unrestricted press.
Is there censorship in Hong Kong?
While the blanket censorship makes it difficult to assess public sentiment towards the protest (state media has taken a hardline on the protests and censors blocked or scrubbed clean social media, mainland citizens have responded to past Hong Kong demonstrations with a mixture of puzzlement, envy and disdain. Similar protests on the mainland would be unthinkable – even organisers of seemingly benign demonstrations are subject to extreme intimidation, even prosecution. Mainstream Chinese society holds economic growth and social stability as sacrosanct, and many mainlanders wonder why a city which benefits tremendously from its mainland ties would turn on its most important benefactor.
Who is the chief executive of Hong Kong?
A student protester rests next to a defaced cut-out of Hong Kong’s chief executive Leung Chun-Ying. Photograph: Wong Maye-E/AP
Why did the protests in Hong Kong start?
The protests started in reaction to a decision made by China that it would allow elections in Hong Kong in 2017, but only from a list of candidates pre-approved by the Chinese government. Tens of thousands of people, of whom many were students, camped in the streets and demanded the right to fully free leadership elections.
Why was Hong Kong a one country two systems?
But a special agreement with China - called "one country, two systems" - was created to make sure that Hong Kong had some independence from China.
Why did Hong Kong protest in 2019?
In June 2019 new protests were sparked in Hong Kong against a law that could have seen its citizens tried, or taken to court, for political crimes in China. Although the law was scrapped the protests continued over issues like democracy and human rights in Hong Kong.
When is the 5th anniversary of the umbrella movement?
Thousands of protesters are gathering in central Hong Kong to mark the fifth anniversary of the Umbrella Movement that bought parts of the city to a standstill for over two months at the end of 2014. There are also bigger protests expected on 1 October when China celebrates its 70th anniversary.
When did Hong Kong go into standstill?
Getty Images. Demonstrators brought Hong Kong to a virtual standstill in 2014 when they demanded the right for the territory to pick its own leaders. For many years, Hong Kong was run by the UK as a part of the former British Empire. That was until 1997, when control of the city was handed over to China. But a special agreement with China - called ...
Who was Benny Tai?
Benny Tai, a leading activist who was put in prison for his role in the Umbrella movement, says the campaign switched young people on to protest. Though the original Umbrella protests died down the action inspired many people in Hong Kong to take to the streets to protest in ways we have seen once again in recent months. unknown.
Why did the protesters use WhatsApp?
Protesters used peer to peer messaging, such as WhatsApp and FireChat due to fears of the police disrupting mobile services. Mesh networks such as FireChat and Serval Mesh have the potential to circumvent government oversight even if the Internet is being shut down. Since FireChat messages are not encrypted, protesters also used Telegram.
What are the three street camps in Hong Kong?
The three street camps across Hong Kong have their own distinctive character. Umbrella Square (Admiralty site), was largely dominated by students, seen to be loftier and more idealistic, and its ambiance was likened to Woodstock. Mong Kok, being a typically more working-class neighbourhood, occupation was regarded as being more earthy and more volatile. Causeway Bay, the smallest encampment with only about a dozen tents towards the end of the occupation, had a reputation for earnestness.
What is the Chalk Girl about?
The controversy gained international attention, and The Guardian produced a short documentary film about her story, titled "The Infamous Chalk Girl" which was released in 2017. Use of the device against minors involved in the Umbrella Movement was seen as "white terror" to deter young people from protesting.
How long did the umbrella movement prisoners get?
Just days earlier, 13 fellow Umbrella Movement activists had been convicted of unlawful assembly in relation to the events in 2014, receiving sentences of 8 to 13 months' imprisonment.
What is umbrella movement?
The Umbrella Movement ( Chinese: 雨傘運動) was a political movement that emerged during the Hong Kong democracy protests of 2014. Its name arose from the use of umbrellas as a tool for passive resistance to the Hong Kong Police 's use of pepper spray to disperse the crowd during a 79-day occupation of the city demanding more transparent elections, which was sparked by the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPCSC) of 31 August 2014 that prescribed a selective pre-screening of candidates for the 2017 election of Hong Kong's chief executive.
What is the rule of law in Hong Kong?
The rule of law is a pillar of Hong Kong society and a core value of Hong Kong. In an ongoing discussion since the beginning of the movement, there have been polarised definitions of "rule of law" as applied to the civil disobedience movement. The local government and Chinese state officials and media have repeatedly emphasised the aspect pertaining to obedience and respect of laws and pronounced on the illegality of the movement's occupation and protests, while pan democrats see the concept as being about the law as check and balance against absolute power of government. Even in a policy speech one month after the end of the occupation, the Chief Executive once again stated that the Umbrella movement has jeopardised the rule of law and risked plunging the territory into a state of anarchy. The tendency of the government preface with such mentions was noted in the speech of the outgoing chairman of the local Bar association, Paul Shieh, who spoke of his concern over "an increasing tendency on the part of the executive in Hong Kong, in its public statements, to emphasise the 'obey the law' aspect of the Rule of Law" in a way that mirrors practice on the mainland. Secretary of Justice Rimsky Yuen blamed the movement for "large-scale as well as sporadic unlawful activities that [bring] about blatant challenges to the rule of law". However, the Chief Justice Geoffrey Ma said people involved in the Occupation Movement have "demonstrated the respect that most people have for the rule of law and emphasised once again the pivotal position it occupies in our community". Ma reiterated that "It is no part of the courts' function to solve political questions, but only to determine legal questions even though the reason for bringing legal proceedings may be a political one."
What are the art works of protesters?
John Lennon's song " Imagine " is often quoted on pro-democracy posters and banners, and became one of the anthems of the occupation. In addition to the use of traditional protests songs, banners, logos for the movement, installations and sculptures of all sizes have been created, including 'Umbrella Man', an iconic 3-metre statue created out of wood blocks, with an arm outstretched holding an umbrella. The umbrella and the yellow ribbon have inspired a large number of memes. The 28-metre banner hung on Lion Rock also inspired numerous memes, and a 3D scale model. An image of Xi Jinping holding an umbrella that won a top photojournalism award in China inspired another bout of meme-creation, and has appeared on banners and cardboard cut-outs. There are efforts to preserve the art, but the city's government-funded museums are uncooperative.
