Role of Recombinant DNA Technology to Improve Life
- Introduction. Human life is greatly affected by three factors: deficiency of food, health problems, and environmental issues.
- Recombinant DNA Technology. Recombinant DNA technology comprises altering genetic material outside an organism to obtain enhanced and desired characteristics in living organisms or as their products.
- Current Research Progress. ...
What can be used to make recombinant DNA?
Recombinant indicates it's not a natural molecules, it is artifical. Ligase. To create recombinant DNA we rely on the hydrogen bonds and complementarity of the bases, but this is unstable, because hydrogen bonds aren't covalent bonds. You increase the temperature, 95 degrees, and strands can separate.
What are the strategies of recombinant DNA technology?
What are the Strategies of Recombinant DNA Technology? There is no single method of recombinant DNA technology, but it involves several steps as given below: 1. Isolation of DNA (also called insert DNA, target DNA, foreign DNA) of known function from an organism (A). 2. Enzymatic cleavage (B) and joining (C) of insert DNA to another DNA ...
Why is recombinant DNA technology a good thing?
The technology also forms the backbone of hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostic tests. Recombinant DNA technology has also proven important to the production of vaccines and protein therapies such as human insulin, interferon and human growth hormone.
What are the applications of recombinant DNA?
rDNA technology uses in animal husbandry and sericulture.
- For enhancement of milk production in cattle, cheese ripening, and reduction of lactose levels.
- Recombinant enzymes like Fungal α-amylase are used to improve bread texture in the baking industry.
- For better meat yield in animals like pigs, cattle, birds.
- For enhancement of silk production in sericulture.
- For better egg yield in poultry birds.
What is recombinant DNA technology?
Concept used in Recombinant DNA Technology: Isolation and manipulation of DNA is the object of recombinant DNA research. This requires several techniques and reagents. a. Some endonucleases that cut DNA at specific DNA sequences within the molecule are a key tool in recombinant DNA research.
How many defensive enzymes protect the host bacterial DNA from foreign organisms?
More than 200 defensive enzymes protect the host bacterial DNA from foreign organism (primarily infective phages). They are only present in cells that also have a companion enzyme that methylate’s the host DNA giving it an unsuitable substrate for digestion by the restriction enzyme. b.
What happens when sticky ends of a vector reconnect?
a. Sticky ends of a vector may reconnect with themselves with no gain of DNA. These ends of fragments can also anneal so that tandem heterogeneous inserts form. These end sites may not be available or in a convenient position.
How many possibilities are there in a restriction enzyme?
e. For each position in the DNA molecule there are 4 possibilities (A,C, G or T); therefore, a restriction enzyme that recognizes a 4-bp sequence will cut, on average, once every (4 4 ), whereas another enzyme that recognizes a 6-bp sequence will cut once every (4 6 ).
What is the purpose of a d.D.?
d. This technology is utilized to diagnose existing diseases and predict the risk of developing a given disease.
When DNA is digested with a given enzyme, the ends of all the fragments will have?
When DNA is digested with a given enzyme, the ends of all the fragments will have the same DNA sequence. The fragments produced can be isolated by electrophoresis. Preparation of Chimeric DNA Molecules: a. Sticky ends of a vector may reconnect with themselves with no gain of DNA.
Which gene can be on separate chromosomes?
e. Genes that form part of a family can also be on separate chromosomes (Growth hormone and prolactin).
Where is recombinant DNA used?
Recombinant DNA is widely used in biotechnology, medicine and research. Today, recombinant proteins and other products that result from the use of DNA technology are found in essentially every western pharmacy, physician or veterinarian office, medical testing laboratory, and biological research laboratory. In addition, organisms that have been manipulated using recombinant DNA technology, as well as products derived from those organisms, have found their way into many farms, supermarkets, home medicine cabinets, and even pet shops, such as those that sell GloFish and other genetically modified animals.
Why are plasmids important?
Plasmids play an important role in gene therapy. They are mostly used for the insertion of therapeutic genes in the human body to fight against diseases. They have the ability to efficiently target the cells which are defected and trigger the therapeutic genes in them .
What type of vector is needed for a functional gene to exit the cell?
The functional gene cannot exits alone in the cell, they need a vector to carry them into the cell. The simplest form of vector is plasmid DNA which should have
What is the function of a vector?
The functional gene cannot exits alone in the cell, they need a vector to carry them into the cell. The simplest form of vector is plasmid DNA which should have at least an origin of replication that allow it to replicate itself and co-exist independently with host’s chromosome DNA. They also have a antibiotic-resistant gene for selection/screening purposes (i.e. all the bacteria that receive the recombinant plasmid will resist to antibiotic and survive, those who hasn’t got the plasmid will die) .
How many fragments of DNA can you join together?
You can even join 5 maybe 10 fragments of DNA together to made it a fully functional genes.
When did plasmids start being used?
Plasmids have been the key to success to the development of molecular biotechnology. Using plasmids for DNA delivery began in 1970 's when DNA from other organisms was first ' cut and pasted ' into specific sites within the plasmid DNA . The modified plasmids were then re introduced into bacteria.
What do vectors need to replicate?
My vector will need a strong promoter, origin of replication, and antibiotic selection marker to replicate in a bacterial cell . A lot of this vector construction has been done for us already and you can buy thousands of research plasmids from depositories like Addgene.
