Full Answer
What is the solubility of stearic acid?
Stearic acid (SA) is highly soluble in structurally diverse solvents. SA/solvent packing within a (24.8 A)3 cubic volume explains the stoichiometry of SA solubility at multiple temperatures in multiple solvents. In the absence of solvent, the cubic volume contains 25 molecules at van der Waals distances from each other.
Where can I find stearic acid (SA)?
1 Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States. schmidtw@ba.ars.usda.gov Stearic acid (SA) is highly soluble in structurally diverse solvents.
Is stearic acid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Stearic Acid. Stearic acid (C17H35 CO2H) is a classical monolayer forming molecule with (–CO2H) which is easily soluble in water and a long alkyl chain (C17H35–) which is hydrophobic or oleophilic.
What is the function of stearic acid in surfactants?
A surfactant, or surface active agent, reduces tension between two substances. One of the most important benefits of stearic acid is its ability to help make water and oil mix together more easily in products. Is stearic acid soluble in water?
What is stearic acid soluble in?
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that can deposit on the surface in special conditions. This acid is insoluble in water and soluble in ethanol.
Why does stearic acid have low solubility in water?
While the carboxylic group makes stearic acid soluble in water due to the potential hydrogen bonding and its polar character, the long hydrocarbon chain is hydrophobic and repels the water molecules to the extent that the compound is insoluble in water.
Why is stearic acid soluble in ethanol?
Ethanol has also a hydroxyl group in the structure which can form hydrogen bonding interaction with the carboxyl group of stearic acid. Therefore, stearic acid will be soluble in ethanol compared to water due to the strong interaction between the nonpolar portion and the hydrogen bonding.
What is the best solvent for dissolving stearic acid?
The solubility of stearic acid in ethyl acetate was found to be the highest, followed by ethanol, acetone and methanol.
Is stearic acid polar or nonpolar?
Stearic acid, a naturally-occurring fatty acid with chemical formula C18H36O2 consists of a polar carboxylic acid region at one end of the molecule, with a long non-polar hydrocarbon tail.
Is stearic acid more soluble in water or hexane?
Answer and Explanation: Stearic acid is a fatty acid that has an 18-C saturated hydrocarbon chain and so it has a hydrophobic part. So it dissolves easily in the non-polar solvent, hexane. However, it differs in the hexane solution from pure hexane.
How do you dissolve stearic?
You can try to dissolve it in hot purified water (but it'll be dissolved according to its conc. (limited solubility)). Use of a non-ionic surfactant (mix the stearic acid with neat surfactant such as Nonidet P42) and the stearic acid can be 'solubilized' in water.
Is stearic acid soluble in oil?
Stearic Acid is a waxy, colorless or white solid that exudes a mild odor. It is soluble in oil but only slightly dissolves in water, thus it floats. Stearic Acid is a long-chain fatty acid that, due to its 18-carbon chain, is also referred to as Octadecanoic Acid.
What type of acid is stearic acid?
fatty acidsstearic acid, also called Octadecanoic Acid, one of the most common long-chain fatty acids, found in combined form in natural animal and vegetable fats. Commercial “stearic acid” is a mixture of approximately equal amounts of stearic and palmitic acids and small amounts of oleic acid.
What is the best solvent to dissolve the lipid and why?
What is the best solvent to dissolve the lipid? The solvents most used for delivery of lipids to biological systems are ethanol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Avanti does not use DMSO for any process therefore we do not have solubility data for our lipids using this solvent.
Are lipids soluble in petroleum ether?
Lipids are all insoluble in polar solvents like water but highly soluble in the non-polar or weakly polar organic solvents, including ether, chloroform, benzene, and acetone. In fact, these four solvents are often referred to as "lipid-solvents" or "fat-solvents".
Is stearic acid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Stearic acid contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
Is stearic acid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Stearic acid contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
Is stearic acid soluble in hot water?
Stearic acid is a fatty acid mainly used in the formation of surfactants (Non-Ionic Surfactants). You can try to dissolve it in hot purified water (but it'll be dissolved according to its conc. (limited solubility)).
Does stearic acid float in water?
Stearic Acid is a waxy, colorless or white solid that exudes a mild odor. It is soluble in oil but only slightly dissolves in water, thus it floats.
Why do fatty acids and water not mix?
Oils and fats not have any polar part and so for them to dissolve in water they would have to break some of water s hydrogen bonds. Water will not do this so the oil is forced to stay separate from the water.
What is stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ " stéar ", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stea ric acid are called stearates. As its ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid.
What is the minimum concentration of stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
These Stearic Acids, 37.5%, 42.5%, and 95.0%, have minimum Stearic plus Palmitic Acid concentrations of 89.0%, 94.0%, and 97.5%, respectively. Regular pharmaceutical grade Stearic Acid specifies a 40,0% minimum of either Stearic or Palmitic Acid and a 90.0% minimum for their sum. Purified pharmaceutical grade Stearic Acid specifies a 90.0% minimum Stearic Acid content and a 96.0% minimum for the sum.
What percentage of milk fat is stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
ENVIRONMENTAL: The stearic acid content in milk fat from cows ranges from 7.80 to 20.37 percent of total fatty acid content (1).
What is the rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of stearic acid with photochemically produced hydroxy?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of stearic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (SRC) using a structure estimation method (1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm (1). Stearic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (2). Stearic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm (2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight (SRC).
What is the pesticide code for stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
For stearic acid (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 079082) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
What is stearic acid in body wash?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
A mild moisturizing body wash with stearic acid, a key component of corneum lipids, and emollient soybean oil has been introduced in the market place. The objectives of this study are to determine the amount and the location of the stearic acid in the corneum after in vivo cleansing by the formulation. Clinical cleansing studies for one and five consecutive days were carried out with the formulation containing soybean oil or petroleum jelly (PJ). The free stearic acid in it was replaced by the fully deuterated variant. The amounts of stearic acid in 10 consecutive corneum tape strips were measured by liquid chromatograph-mass spectroscopy. Separately, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements were taken with a porcine skin after a wash by the soybean oil formulation with its free fatty acid replaced by its spin probe analogue, 5-doxyl stearic acid. Deuterated stearic acid was detected in all 10 consecutive layers of stratum corneum and the total amount after five washes with the soybean oil formulation was 0.33 ug/sq cm. The spin probe in cleanser-treated skin was incorporated in a partially ordered hydrophobic region similar to corneum lipids. The probe mobility increased in the temperature region where lipid disorder was expected. The estimated total fatty acid delivered to skin from cleansing is comparable to the amount of fatty acid in a corneum layer. The delivered fatty acid is most likely incorporated in the corneum lipid phase.
What is the backbone of stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Stearic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with an 18- carbon backbone. Stearic acid is found in various animal and plant fats, and is a major component of cocoa butter and shea butter.
What is the function of stearic acid?
The primary function of stearic acid, normally 1 to 2 phr, is its reaction with zinc oxide to supply a reactive form of zinc for accelerator complexing. Higher concentrations (8 phr) produce minor reductions in viscosity, hysteresis and scorch safety.
What is the melting point of stearic acid?
Stearic acid (C18H36O2) supplied by Sigma–Aldrich, UK with a melting point of 69–71°C was used as a dispersant in the paraffin wax-based slurry.
What are the advantages of stearic acid and melamine repellents?
6.2. The hydrophobic character of the stearic acid groups provide the water repellency, while the remaining N-methylol groups can react with cellulose or with each other (crosslinking) to generate permanent effects. Advantages of the stearic acid-melamine repellents include increased durability to laundering and a full hand imparted to treated fabrics. Some products of this type can be effectively applied by exhaustion procedures. Their use as extenders for fluorocarbon repellents is now increasingly replaced by boosters7 as described in Section 6.3.4. Disadvantages of stearic acid–melamine repellents include problems similar to durable press finishes (a tendency to exhibit finish mark-off, decreased fabric tear strength and abrasion resistance, changes in shade of dyed fabric, and release of formaldehyde).
What is the melting point of magnesium stearate?
Of course, there is the possibility of its creation from a magnesium ion solution. The melting point of magnesium stearate is 85.5 °C, but the calcium stearate produced from the reaction of calcium oxide and stearic acid melts at 155 °C. Stearic acid was applied on the zinc oxide nanorods and the contact angle increased.
What is stearic acid used for?
With a polar head group that can bind with metal cations and a nonpolar chain that confers solubility in organic solvents, stearic acid is commonly used in the production of detergents, soaps, and cosmetics, such as shampoos and shaving cream products. View chapter Purchase book.
Is stearic acid a saturated fat?
Stearic acid is more abundant in animal fat (up to 30%) than vegetable fat (typically <5%). The important exceptions are cocoa butter and shea butter, in which the stearic acid content (as a triglyceride) is 28–45%. Unlike the other long-chain saturated fatty acids, stearic acid has no effect on lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in men ...
Can stearic acid be used to sediment magnesium stearate?
Due to the insolubility of stearic acid, it cannot be applied to sedimentation of magnesium stearate in an aqueous solution. With the addition of soda to stearic acid sodium, stearate would form, which is completely soluble in water. Magnesium stearate can be created by a reaction of magnesium sulfate, which is soluble in water, with sodium stearate, and the magnesium stearate would deposit in solution because it is insoluble in water. If magnesium chloride exists in solution other than magnesium stearate, then sodium chloride would also be produced. Of course, there is the possibility of its creation from a magnesium ion solution. The melting point of magnesium stearate is 85.5 °C, but the calcium stearate produced from the reaction of calcium oxide and stearic acid melts at 155 °C. Stearic acid was applied on the zinc oxide nanorods and the contact angle increased. The zinc oxide ( Figure 21) produced was soaked in a solution of 0.002 M n -Hexane stearic acid and shows a contact angle of 151° and negligible hysteresis. The FTIR analysis shows that the bonding of the carboxyl group was broken and transformed to the carboxylate bidentate on the surface of zinc oxide.
What is stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ " stéar ", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stea ric acid are called stearates. As its ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid.
What is the minimum concentration of stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
These Stearic Acids, 37.5%, 42.5%, and 95.0%, have minimum Stearic plus Palmitic Acid concentrations of 89.0%, 94.0%, and 97.5%, respectively. Regular pharmaceutical grade Stearic Acid specifies a 40,0% minimum of either Stearic or Palmitic Acid and a 90.0% minimum for their sum. Purified pharmaceutical grade Stearic Acid specifies a 90.0% minimum Stearic Acid content and a 96.0% minimum for the sum.
What percentage of milk fat is stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
ENVIRONMENTAL: The stearic acid content in milk fat from cows ranges from 7.80 to 20.37 percent of total fatty acid content (1).
What is the rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of stearic acid with photochemically produced hydroxy?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of stearic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (SRC) using a structure estimation method (1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm (1). Stearic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (2). Stearic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm (2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight (SRC).
What is the pesticide code for stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
For stearic acid (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 079082) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
What is stearic acid in body wash?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
A mild moisturizing body wash with stearic acid, a key component of corneum lipids, and emollient soybean oil has been introduced in the market place. The objectives of this study are to determine the amount and the location of the stearic acid in the corneum after in vivo cleansing by the formulation. Clinical cleansing studies for one and five consecutive days were carried out with the formulation containing soybean oil or petroleum jelly (PJ). The free stearic acid in it was replaced by the fully deuterated variant. The amounts of stearic acid in 10 consecutive corneum tape strips were measured by liquid chromatograph-mass spectroscopy. Separately, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements were taken with a porcine skin after a wash by the soybean oil formulation with its free fatty acid replaced by its spin probe analogue, 5-doxyl stearic acid. Deuterated stearic acid was detected in all 10 consecutive layers of stratum corneum and the total amount after five washes with the soybean oil formulation was 0.33 ug/sq cm. The spin probe in cleanser-treated skin was incorporated in a partially ordered hydrophobic region similar to corneum lipids. The probe mobility increased in the temperature region where lipid disorder was expected. The estimated total fatty acid delivered to skin from cleansing is comparable to the amount of fatty acid in a corneum layer. The delivered fatty acid is most likely incorporated in the corneum lipid phase.
What is the backbone of stearic acid?from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Stearic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with an 18- carbon backbone. Stearic acid is found in various animal and plant fats, and is a major component of cocoa butter and shea butter.
What is the color of salicylic acid?
Salicylic Acid:White crystals, usually in fine needles, or fluffy, white, crystalline powder. Has a sweetish, followed by an acrid, taste and is stable in air. The synthetic form is white and odorless. When prepared from natural methyl salicylate, it may have a slightly yellow or pink tint, and a faint, mint-like odor.
What is purified siliceous earth?
Purified Siliceous Earth:Very fine, white, light gray, or pale buff mixture of amorphous powder and lesser amounts of crystalline polymorphs, including quartz and cristobalite. Is gritty, readily absorbs moisture, and retains about four times its weight of water without becoming fluid. Insoluble in water, in acids, and in dilute solutions of the alkali hydroxides. NF category: Filtering aid; sorbent.
Is safflower oil soluble in water?
Safflower Oil:Light yellow oil. Thickens and becomes rancid on prolonged exposure to air. Insoluble in water. Miscible with ether and with chloroform. NF category: Vehicle (oleaginous).
Is saccharin soluble in alcohol?
Saccharin:White crystals or white, crystalline powder. Is odorless or has a faint, aromatic odor. In dilute solution, it is intensely sweet. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Slightly soluble in water, in chloroform, and in ether; soluble in boiling water; sparingly soluble in alcohol.
Is shellac a soluble substance?
Insoluble in water; soluble (very slowly) in alcohol, 85% to 95% (w/w); in ether, 13% to 15%; in benzene, 10% to 20%; in petroleum ether, 2% to 6%; soluble in aqueous solutions of ethanolamines, alkalies, and borax; sparingly soluble in oil of turpentine. NF category: Coating agent.
Is saccharin calcium soluble in water?
Its dilute solution is about 300 times as sweet as sucrose. Freely soluble in water. NF category: Sweetening agent.
Is secobarbital soluble in water?
Its saturated solution has a pH of about 5.6. Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in solutions of fixed alkali hydroxides and carbonates; soluble in chloroform.
How is stearic acid obtained?from en.wikipedia.org
Stearic acid is obtained from fats and oils by the saponification of the triglycerides using hot water (about 100 °C). The resulting mixture is then distilled. Commercial stearic acid is often a mixture of stearic and palmitic acids, although purified stearic acid is available.
What is the melting point of stearic acid?from sciencedirect.com
Stearic acid (C18H36O2) supplied by Sigma–Aldrich, UK with a melting point of 69–71°C was used as a dispersant in the paraffin wax-based slurry.
What is the melting point of magnesium stearate?from sciencedirect.com
Of course, there is the possibility of its creation from a magnesium ion solution. The melting point of magnesium stearate is 85.5 °C, but the calcium stearate produced from the reaction of calcium oxide and stearic acid melts at 155 °C. Stearic acid was applied on the zinc oxide nanorods and the contact angle increased.
What is the chemical formula for stearic acid?from en.wikipedia.org
The IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid. It is a waxy solid and its chemical formula is C 17 H 35 CO 2 H. Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ " stéar ", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. As its ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin .
What is the salt of stearic acid?from en.wikipedia.org
The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. As its ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin .
What is stearic acid used for?from sciencedirect.com
With a polar head group that can bind with metal cations and a nonpolar chain that confers solubility in organic solvents, stearic acid is commonly used in the production of detergents, soaps, and cosmetics, such as shampoos and shaving cream products. View chapter Purchase book.
What is zinc stearate used for?from en.wikipedia.org
When reacted with zinc it forms zinc stearate, which is used as a lubricant for playing cards ( fanning powder) to ensure a smooth motion when fanning. Stearic acid is a common lubricant during injection molding and pressing of ceramic powders. It is also used as a mold release for foam latex that is baked in stone molds.