March 4, 2020 The French and Indian
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by American Indian allies. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians.
What is true regarding the French and Indian War?
The French and Indian War was part of a larger, more global, conflict called. Seven Years War. What act of Parliament closed the Ohio Valley to British expansion? The Proclamation of 1763. Over the course of the late 1600s and early 1700s, tensions between native tribes and New England colonists.
What are reasons for the French and Indian War?
The French and Indian War is one of the most significant, yet widely forgotten, events in American history. It was a conflict that pitted two of history’s greatest empires, Great Britain and France, against each other for control of the North American continent. Swept up in the struggle were the inhabitants of New France, the British ...
What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian War?
Causes and Effects of the French and Indian War Causes of the conflict between the French and the English colonies English colonists ran out of land, they want to move West. War costs a lot of money. The country must pay for soldiers, supplies, weapons, etc The British make new taxes that the colonists have to pay in order to pay off the war debt.
What was a major cause of the French and Indian War?
The French and Indian War (also known as The Seven's Years' War) was sparked by the rivalry in Europe, between the French and the British in particular. Often events in Europe influenced the course of events in British, French, and Spanish North American colonies.
What did the French call the French and Indian War?
the Seven Years' WarThe French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War.
Was the French and Indian War the French and Indians?
Two years into the French and Indian War, in 1756, Great Britain declared war on France, beginning the worldwide Seven Years' War....French and Indian War.DateMay 28, 1754 – February 10, 1763LocationNorth AmericaResultBritish victory Treaty of Paris (1763)1 more row
What did the colonists call the French and Indian War?
The Seven Years' War (called the French and Indian War in the colonies) lasted from 1756 to 1763, forming a chapter in the imperial struggle between Britain and France called the Second Hundred Years' War.
Why was it known as the French and Indian War and what were the causes?
What was the main cause of the French and Indian War? The French and Indian War began over the specific issue of whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British Empire, and therefore open for trade and settlement by Virginians and Pennsylvanians, or part of the French Empire.
Has France ever won a war?
The Wars of Religion crippled France in the late 16th century, but a major victory over Spain in the Thirty Years' War made France the most powerful nation on the continent once more.
Why did France lose the French and Indian war?
Larger numbers and better resources. In the end, it all came down to the fact that the British outnumbered the French, and even though The French did very well with guerilla tactics, it was the major battles that mattered, killing French soldiers that were not easily replaceable.
What are some important facts about the French and Indian war?
10 Things You May Not Know About the French and Indian WarGeorge Washington struck the war's first blow. ... It was part of the first global war. ... The Seven Years' War actually lasted nine years. ... In spite of the war's moniker, not all Native Americans sided with the French.More items...•
Why is it called the 7 Years war?
The Seven Years War was a conflict between France and Great Britain that lasted from 1754 to 1763. It's known as the Seven Years War because most of the fighting took place in the seven-year period between 1756 and 1765. In America, the war is known as the French and Indian War.
Who won the French and Indian war?
The BritishThe British had won the French and Indian War. They took control of the lands that had been claimed by France (see below). France lost its mainland possessions to North America. Britain now claimed all the land from the east coast of North America to the Mississippi River.
What were the two main reasons for the French and Indian war?
The American Indians were fighting to maintain control of their land and their cultural future. The French claimed the Upper Ohio River Valley. They wanted to trade with the American Indians and control the area. The British also claimed the Upper Ohio River Valley.
What were 2 main causes of the French and Indian war?
Through collaborative research and reporting activities, students will be able to identify and describe in detail five major causes of the French and Indian War: conflicting claims between Great Britain and France over territory and waterways, beaver trade, religious differences, control of the Grand Banks, and ...
Why was the French and Indian war so important?
The French and Indian War was very essential to the American Revolution because the war debt was the reason that Parliament started imposing taxes on the colonists in the first place. Also, the French and Indian War weakened Britain, making the colonists' actions work more effectively.
How did the French treat the natives?
They respected Native territories, their ways, and treated them as the human beings they were. The Natives, in turn, treated the French as trusted friends. More intermarriages took place between French settlers and Native Americans than with any other European group.
Who won the French and Indian?
The BritishThe British had won the French and Indian War. They took control of the lands that had been claimed by France (see below). France lost its mainland possessions to North America. Britain now claimed all the land from the east coast of North America to the Mississippi River.
Who fought in the French and Indian war?
The French and Indian War was fought between Great Britain and France and their colonists, as well as Native American tribes. They fought over territories and expansion throughout North America.
Who were the allies during the French and Indian war?
It was the North American portion of the conflict that became known as the French and Indian War. While Britain kept up the fight in North America against France, it relied on its ally Prussia, led by Frederick the Great, to sustain the fight in Europe against France, Austria, Russia and Sweden.
What was the French and Indian War?
It was a conflict that pitted two of history’s greatest empires, Great Britain and France, against each other for control of the North American continent. Swept up in the struggle were the inhabitants of New France, the British colonists, the Native Americans, and regular troops from France and Britain. While the major fighting occurred in New York, Pennsylvania, Canada, and Nova Scotia, the conflict had far greater implications overseas and ignited the Seven Years’ War worldwide.
Why was the French and Indian War unique?
The French and Indian War is unique, because the fighting began in North America and spread to the rest of the world. In western Pennsylvania, the order to fire the first shots of the conflict were given by none other than a young officer from Virginia named George Washington. Many men, both American and British, ...
How many people died in the French and Indian war?
These were the first shots fired during the French and Indian War and would have global ramifications. The skirmish left Jumonville and nine of his men dead, as well as twenty-one others wounded. A survivor made his way back to Fort Duquesne and reported to his superiors what had happened.
Where did the French encamp?
They encamped 50 miles to the east of the Forks in an open field known as Great Meadows. Dispatched from Fort Duquesne and heading in their direction was a small French party led by Ensign Joseph Coulon de Jumonville with orders to obtain intelligence on the British force and if possible, demand them to leave.
What was the fortress used for during the negotiations for the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle?
During King George's War, the British captured the Fortress of Louisbourg in Nova Scotia. This fortress was used as a bargaining chip during the negotiations for the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which officially ended the war. What was it that both sides wanted to obtain during the French and Indian War?
What were the three major wars between France and Great Britain?
Three major conflicts—King William’s War (1689-1697), Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713), and King George’s War (1744-1748) —had all begun in Europe and made their way to the colonies. The French and Indian War is unique, because ...
Where did the French presence remain in the Great Lakes?
French presence remained in the Ohio River Valley, Great Lakes, and along Lake Champlain. Seventeen fifty-five was a disaster for British arms in North America that drew the opposing battle lines for the coming years.
What was the French and Indian War?
French and Indian War, American phase of a worldwide nine years’ war (1754–63) fought between France and Great Britain. (The more-complex European phase was the Seven Years’ War [1756–63].) It determined control of the vast colonial territory of North America.
Who discovered the British and French territories in North America?
The Newberry Library, The MacLean Collection ( A Britannica Publishing Partner) British territorial claims rested upon explorations of the North American continent by John Cabot in the latter part of the 15th century.
Why did the French drive out English traders and build forts on the headwaters of the Allegheny?
When news reached Williamsburg, the colonial capital, that the French were driving out English traders and building forts on the headwaters of the Allegheny in order to consolidate their positions , Lieut. Gov. Robert Dinwiddie determined to act.
What was the Treaty of Paris?
According to the terms of the Treaty of Paris signed on February 10, 1763, France was to cede Canada to Great Britain and to relinquish all claims to the lands lying east of the Mississippi River, outside the environs of New Orleans.
Why was the conflict between the two colonies inevitable?
A conflict between the two colonial powers over their rival North American claims was doubtless inevitable, but because their areas of trade exploitation were widely separated, that conflict might have been delayed for many years had not the governor-general of New France forced the issue .
Who claimed the Mississippi Valley?
In conflict with this was France’s claim to the whole of the Mississippi valley, including the Ohio Valley, based upon the explorations of René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de la Salle.
Who controlled Canada in the 17th century?
The French, firmly in control of Canada from the early 17th century, gradually began expanding into the Great Lakes region, establishing a permanent settlement at Detroit. English colonies in 17th-century North America. English colonies in 17th-century North America. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Why was the French and Indian War called the French and Indian War?
Instead, it was a war against the French and the Indians. The American colonists and the British (and their Indian allies) were fighting against the French (and their Indian allies). Because of this, the war came to be known as the French and Indian War.
Why was the war in North America named?
The war in North America was really just one small part of that war. When the American colonists named this war, they named it for who they were fighting against. The war was not a war between the French and the Indians. Instead, it was a war against the French and the Indians.
Why was the French and Indian War called the French and Indian War?
The French and Indian War was a conflict between the American colonists and the French over control of the Ohio Valley and the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers —modern day Pittsburgh. It received its title because the war was Britain and its American colonies fighting against the French and their Indian allies.
How long was the French and Indian War?
Amazingly, despite these battles, war was not officially declared until 1756, which is how the 9-year French and Indian War could also be known as the 7 Years War.
Why did the French arrive with a party of six?
He arrived with a party of six to inform the French general to get off British land. He was told, however, that the French were not only determined to take the rest of the land which they felt was theirs, but that they are going to occupy the entire Ohio Valley.
What did the French do after the Battle of Saratoga?
Second, the French, driven from North America during the French and Indian War, supported the effort for American independence with money and supplies, then gladly joined the fray after the Battle of Saratoga gave them hope that the Americans might actually win.
Why were the Indians enthusiastic to be on the French side?
The Indians were very enthusiastic to be on the French side, since Vaudreul-Cavagnal gave them free reign to attack the British settlements and obtain free weapons.
Why was Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal upset?
French major Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal realized the potential of having Indian allies. He strengthened ties with Indian forces by dressing himself as one of them and learning their language.
How many men did Washington kill in the French and Indian war?
Washington, greatly annoyed, planned a surprise attack on a French camp nearby. He and his forces killed ten men. It is said to have been the first blood spilled during the whole French and Indian War.
What was the French and Indian War?
French and Indian War, North American phase of a war between France and Britain to control colonial territory (1754–63). The war’s more complex European phase was the Seven Years’ War.
What battles did the British win in 1758?
The final British victory at the Battle of Quebec (1759) led to the fall of New France (1760).
What was the North American dispute?
The North American dispute was whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British empire or part of the French Empire; the bigger question was which national culture would dominate the heart of North America. British settlers were the majority in the coveted area, but French exploration, trade, and Indian alliances predominated.
Who was the British commander who marched on Fort Duquesne?
Braddock, Edward: march on Fort Duquesne. British commander Edward Braddock and his troops preparing to march on the French-held Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) during the French and Indian War. MPI/Hulton Archive/Getty Images.
How long did the French and Indian war last?
As the name implies, the French and Indian War raged on for seven years once it was officially declared. The tide turned when William Pitt, who served as secretary of state in the British government, took over wartime operations. Pitt recognized that the war played a crucial part in furthering Britain's global empire. He borrowed heavily to finance the war. He also stopped micromanaging the war from London and gave local control to the British forces in the colonies in matters of military leadership. As a result, British and colonial forces went on to defeat the French in North America and in territories throughout the world. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
Why Did They Fight?
Like many wars, the French and Indian War was essentially a land grab.
What battles did the British fight in 1755?
Skirmishes and battles continued throughout 1755 including the Battle of the Wilderness, where British Gen. Edward Braddock's troops were defeated near Fort Duquesne, and the Battle of Lake George in New York, which featured British Col. William Johnson, considered a hero of the war.
What was the first real world war?
In that regard, some students of history, including former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, call the French and Indian War (also called the Seven Years' War) the first "real" world war because, not only did it include the two most powerful armies at the time, but they also fought on multiple fronts — in Europe, in colonies in the West Indies and even as far away as India.
Where did the French trade in the 1740s?
Basically, the French were fur traders in the Ohio River Valley, where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers converge with the Ohio — a region called the Forks of the Ohio (the site of present-day Pittsburgh). The British wanted a piece of that action and started trapping in the region in the late 1740s, but the French were not pleased. In an attempt to reestablish their claim to the lands, the French governor requested de Blainville bury multiple lead plates throughout the area inscribed in the name of King Louis XV of France.
Where did Washington camp in 1754?
1754: Washington and his men — 100 men strong — camped in a field known as the Great Meadows about 50 miles (80 kilometers) east of Fort Duquesne. The French sent a small party led by Ensign Joseph Coulon de Jumonville to gather intelligence and, if possible, convince the British to leave. Instead, Washington, a company of militia and a group of Iroquois allies intercepted Jumonville near the Great Meadows. In the fighting that ensued, Jumonville and nine French soldiers were killed. The British returned to Great Meadows, building a garrison they called Fort Necessity.
Which country controlled the colonies in the 1750s?
When the war started, Britain controlled the colonies along the Atlantic coast, which included Nova Scotia at the time. Their colonies only extended as far west as the spiny ridge of the Appalachian Mountains and by the 1750s, the population of British colonists reached more than 1 million. Meanwhile, the French territory of "New France" covered the region beyond the Appalachians, running from Louisiana in the south through the Mississippi Valley to Canada in the north. New France had far fewer settlers, just 60,000. The borders between these colonies were not always respected.
What was the conflict between the Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great Lakes area?
1763 Conflict between the Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great lakes area1. , 1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.
What happened in 1763?
1763 Ended the French and Indian War. Marked the end of French power in N. America. England got Canada and all French land east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans. Spain (aided French) gave Florida to England and in return received all French land west of the Mississippi River and New Orleans. British would recognize the existence of the US as an independent nation.
What was the result of Pontiac's Rebellion?
It forbade white settlement west of the Appalachians to reduce friction between Native American and settlers. Stated that Native Americans owned the land on which they were residing. Outraged colonists believed that the successful outcome of the French and Indian War should have allowed settlement in the Ohio Valley.
Indian Involvement
American Involvement
- After constant fighting over who had control over the Ohio Valley and much more, the Virginia government saw that something must be done to take down French forces hiding out in the woods. They decided to send Major George Washington, later president of the United States, to do the job. General Edward Braddock falls at the Battle of Monongahela He arrived with a party of si…
Britain Declares War
- Amazingly, despite these battles, war was not officially declared until 1756, which is how the 9-year French and Indian War could also be known as the 7 Years War. Things did not go well. With Indian support, they captured several forts along the Pennsylvania and New York frontier. In 1758, Brigadier General John Forbes led a large British force in a multi-pronged attack on the Atlantic …
The French and Indian War Leads to The Revolutionary War
- The French and India War helped lead to the Revolutionary War in two ways. First, funding this war led to an immense national debt for Great Britain, which they felt the Americans should help pay. Parliament decided to service the debt by passing the Stamp Act, a terrible failure which angered citizens on both sides of the Atlantic and began the ri...