What does Stono Rebellion stand for?
The Stono Rebellion (also known as Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave revolt that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina.It was the largest slave rebellion in the Southern Colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed. The uprising was led by native Africans who were likely from the Central African Kingdom of Kongo, as the rebels were Catholic and ...
What does Stono Rebellion mean?
The Stono Rebellion was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 21 whites and 44 blacks killed. The uprising was led by native Africans who were likely from the Kingdom of Kongo. Some of the rebels spoke Portuguese.
What were the causes of the Stono Rebellion?
Causes of The Stono Revolt
- Causes Of The Stono Rebellion. Stono Rebellion “On Sunday, September 9th, 1739 the British colony of South Carolina was shaken by a slave uprising that culminated with the death of ...
- Forms Of Resistance : Rebellion. ...
- Essay on Major Slave Rebellions of the South. ...
- Causes Of The Stono Rebellion. ...
What was the Stono Rebellion an example of?
To be specific, forty two slaves, and forty two- forty seven slave owners. As a result of the Stono Rebellion, the slave codes were strengthened. As an example, the Negro Act of 1740 was added. Also, the slaves, when freed, had to leave the state within six months, or else they would be re-enslaved.
What was the main outcome of the Stono Rebellion?
As they marched, overseers were killed and reluctant slaves were forced to join the company. The band reached the Edisto River where white colonists descended upon them, killing most of the rebels. The survivors were sold off to the West Indies.
What were the effects of the Stono Rebellion?
When the slave owners caught up with the rebels from the Stono River in 1739, they engaged the 60 to 100 slaves in a battle. More than 20 white Carolinians, and nearly twice as many black Carolinians, were killed. As a result, South Carolina's lawmakers enacted a harsher slave code.
What was the significance of the Stono Rebellion quizlet?
The significance of the Stono Rebellion because it scared the whites of South Carolina. After the rebellion, the Negro Act of 1740 was passed putting limits on both whites and slaves trying to prevent another rebellion happening again.
What was significant about the Stono Rebellion of 1739 quizlet?
The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 21 whites and 44 blacks killed.
What was a result of the Stono Rebellion quizlet?
What happened as a result of the Stono Rebellion? The South Carolina legislature established a harsh new code to keep slaves under constant surveillance and ensure that masters disciplined their slaves.
What caused the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina in 1739?
A malaria epidemic had recently killed many whites in Charleston, weakening the power of slaveholders. Lastly, historians have suggested the slaves organized their revolt to take place on Sunday, when planters would be occupied in church and might be unarmed.
In what ways did the Stono rebels take actions that negated their status as slaves and promoted their self conception as free people?
Some ways that the Stono rebels negated their status as slaves and promoted their self conception as free people was by stealing guns, whisky, clothes, and food. Many of them had never had the chance to drink whiskey because of their status.
What was the Hutchinson rebellion?
Hutchinson's rebellion (also known as the Stono rebellion), was a slave revolt that started outside Charleston, SC, but ultimately failed. This video is an excerpt from Episode One, The Black Atlantic, from the series The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.
Was the Stono Rebellion successful?
They killed at least 20 whites, but spared others. The rebellion ended late that afternoon when the militia caught the rebels, killing at least 54 of them. Most who escaped were captured and executed; any forced to join the rebels were released.
Where did the Stono Rebellion happen?
Africans in America/Part 1/The Stono Rebellion. South Carolina, September 9, 1739: A band of slaves march down the road, carrying banners that proclaim "Liberty!". They shout out the same word. Led by an Angolan named Jemmy, the men and women continue to walk south, recruiting more slaves along the way.
In what ways did the Stono rebels take actions that negated their status as slaves and promoted their self conception as free people?
Some ways that the Stono rebels negated their status as slaves and promoted their self conception as free people was by stealing guns, whisky, clothes, and food. Many of them had never had the chance to drink whiskey because of their status.
What were slaves not allowed to do?
There were numerous restrictions to enforce social control: slaves could not be away from their owner's premises without permission; they could not assemble unless a white person was present; they could not own firearms; they could not be taught to read or write, nor could they transmit or possess “inflammatory” ...
Where did the Stono Rebellion take place?from en.wikipedia.org
The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed. The uprising was led by native Africans who were likely from ...
How many whites were killed in the Rebellion?from en.wikipedia.org
The rebels were joined by 40 to 60 more during their 15-mile march. They killed at least 20 whites, but spared others. The rebellion ended late that afternoon when the militia caught the rebels, killing at least 54 of them. Most who escaped were captured and executed; any forced to join the rebels were released.
What happened in 1739?from blackpast.org
Stono Rebellion (1739) On Sunday, September 9th, 1739 the British colony of South Carolina was shaken by a slave uprising that culminated with the death of sixty people. Led by an Angolan named Jemmy, a band of twenty slaves organized a rebellion on the banks of the Stono River.
How many slaves were in the rebellion?from blackpast.org
Led by an Angolan named Jemmy, a band of twenty slaves organized a rebellion on the banks of the Stono River. After breaking into Hutchinson’s store the band, now armed with guns, called for their liberty. As they marched, overseers were killed and reluctant slaves were forced to join the company.
Why did planters decide to cut off the supply of slaves?from en.wikipedia.org
Planters decided to develop a slave population who were native-born, believing the workers were more content if they grew up enslaved. Attributing the rebellion to the recently imported Africans, planters decided to cut off the supply. They enacted a 10-year moratorium on slave importation through Charleston.
How far was Stono from the Florida line?from en.wikipedia.org
Stono was 150 miles (240 km) from the Florida line. A malaria epidemic had recently killed many whites in Charleston, weakening the power of slaveholders. Lastly, historians have suggested the slaves organized their revolt to take place on Sunday, when planters would be occupied in church and might be unarmed.
Why did South Carolina work with Georgia?from en.wikipedia.org
South Carolina worked with Georgia to strengthen patrols on land and in coastal areas to prevent fugitives from reaching Spanish Florida. In the Stono case, the slaves may have been inspired by several factors to mount their rebellion.
What was the Stono River Rebellion?
The Stono River Rebellion is a tribute to the ongoing, determined resistance of Black people to the oppressive system of enslavement.
What was the impact of the Stono Rebellion on the lives of enslaved people?
is a History professor, lecturing at several universities. Her work focuses on African American history, including the Civil Rights Movement. The Stono Rebellion was the largest rebellion mounted by enslaved people against enslavers in colonial America.
Why did South Carolina make the Negro Act mandatory?
The Negro Act also made it mandatory for militias to regularly patrol to prevent enslaved people from gathering the way they had in anticipation of the Stono Rebellion.
Why did the South Carolinians take their guns to church on Sunday?
South Carolinians were contemplating passing the Security Act, which would have required all White men to take their firearms with them to church on Sunday, presumably in case of unrest among a group of enslaved people broke out. Sunday had been traditionally a day when the enslavers set aside their weapons for church attendance and allowed their captives to work for themselves.
What did South Carolinians think about the enslaved peoples?
South Carolinians thought it was possible that the enslaved peoples' African origins had contributed to the rebellion. Part of the 1740 Negro Act, passed in response to the rebellion, was a prohibition on importing enslaved Africans.
What did the rebels do to the homes?
The band of rebels hit a series of businesses and homes, recruiting more enslaved people and killing the enslavers and their families. They burned the houses as they went. The original rebels may have forced some of their recruits to join the rebellion.
Where did the Stono Rebellion take place?
The Stono Rebellion took place near the Stono River in South Carolina. The details of the 1739 event are uncertain, as documentation for the incident comes from only one firsthand report ...
Where did the Stono Rebellion take place?
The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed. The uprising was led by native Africans who were likely from ...
Who was the leader of the revolt?
Jemmy, the leader of the revolt, was a literate slave described in an eyewitness account as " Angolan ". Historian John K. Thornton has noted that, because of patterns of trade, he was more likely from the Kingdom of Kongo in west Central Africa, which had long had relations with Portuguese traders.
Why did the South Carolina colony have slaves?
Since 1708, the majority of the population of the South Carolina colony were enslaved Africans, as importation of laborers from Africa had increased in recent decades with labor demand for the expansion of cotton and rice cultivation as commodity export crops.
How many whites were killed in the Rebellion?
The rebels were joined by 40 to 60 more during their 15-mile march. They killed at least 20 whites, but spared others. The rebellion ended late that afternoon when the militia caught the rebels, killing at least 54 of them. Most who escaped were captured and executed; any forced to join the rebels were released.
Why did planters decide to cut off the supply of slaves?
Planters decided to develop a slave population who were native-born, believing the workers were more content if they grew up enslaved. Attributing the rebellion to the recently imported Africans, planters decided to cut off the supply. They enacted a 10-year moratorium on slave importation through Charleston.
How far was Stono from the Florida line?
Stono was 150 miles (240 km) from the Florida line. A malaria epidemic had recently killed many whites in Charleston, weakening the power of slaveholders. Lastly, historians have suggested the slaves organized their revolt to take place on Sunday, when planters would be occupied in church and might be unarmed.
Why did South Carolina work with Georgia?
South Carolina worked with Georgia to strengthen patrols on land and in coastal areas to prevent fugitives from reaching Spanish Florida. In the Stono case, the slaves may have been inspired by several factors to mount their rebellion.
What was the Stono Rebellion?
The Stono Rebellion was a violent albeit failed attempt by as many as one hundred slaves to reach St. Augustine and claim freedom in Spanish-controlled Florida. The uprising was South Carolina’s largest and bloodiest slave insurrection. While not a direct challenge to the authority of the state, the Stono Rebellion nevertheless alerted white authorities to the dangers of slave revolt, caused a good deal of angst among planters, and resulted in legislation designed to control slaves and lessen the chances of insurrection by the colony’s black majority population.
How many blacks were killed in the Stono Insurrection?
About forty whites and probably as many blacks were killed during the Stono insurrection. The willingness of slaves to strike out for freedom with such force heightened anxieties among whites over internal security in the South Carolina slaveholding society for years to come. Pearson, Edward A.
What were the factors that influenced the slaves' timing of the rebellion?
Several factors influenced slaves’ timing of the rebellion, including a suspicious visit to Charleston by a priest who contemporaries thought was “employed by the Spaniards to procure a general Insurrection of the Negroes,” a yellow fever epidemic that swept the area in August and September, and rumors of war between Spain and England.
How did the slaves start the revolt?
Whatever the slaves’ reasoning, the revolt began early on Sunday when the conspirators met at the Stono River. From there, they moved to Stono Bridge, broke into a store, equipped themselves with guns and powder, and killed two men. Guns in hand, they burned down a house, killed three people, and then turned southward, reaching a tavern before sunup. There the insurgents discriminated, sparing the innkeeper because they considered him “a good man and kind to his slaves.” The innkeeper’s neighbors were less fortunate; the rebels burned four of their houses, ransacked another, and killed all the whites they found. Other slaves joined the rebellion, and some sources suggest that at this point the insurgents used drums, raise a flag or banner, and shouted “Liberty!” during their march southward.
Stono Rebellion Definition
The Stono Rebellion was a significant slave rebellion in South Carolina in 1739 near River Stono. It was not only a large rebellion but the largest in the history of the American Colonies.
Stono Rebellion Causes
By the early 1700s, in plantation areas of the colonies that grew sugarcane, rice, and other high labor crops, the ratio of enslaved Africans to European colonists was eight to one. Enslavers imposed harsh restrictions and punishments on enslaved Africans to maintain control over them.
The Stono Rebellion 1739
The rebellion occurred on Sunday, 9 September, which is significant as Sunday was the enslaved people's day of rest. Let's look at how the rebellion played out.
The Effects of the Stono Rebellion
In 1741, authorities in the Province of New York executed 34 people for conspiring to burn down the city. Thirteen African men were burned at the stake and another seventeen black men, two white men, and two white women were hanged. An additional seventy blacks and seven whites were banished from the city.
Stono Rebellion - Key Takeaways
As the population of enslaved Africans in the American colonies grew in the late 1600s and early 1700s, so did the social anxiety of the white farmers, planters, and plantation owners who owned and controlled these enslaved people.
Final Stono Rebellion Quiz
True or False: the Stono Rebellion was the first uprising of enslaved Africans in the British American Colonies
The Rebellion
The End of The Rebellion
- After journeying for about 10 miles, the group of roughly 60 to 100 people rested, and the militia found them. A firefight ensued, and some of the rebels escaped. The militia rounded up the escapees, decapitating them and setting their heads on posts as a lesson to other enslaved people. The tally of the dead was 21 White people and 44 enslaved Black people. South Carolini…
Causes
- The freedom seekers were headed for Florida. Great Britain and Spain were at war (the War of Jenkin's Ear), and Spain, hoping to cause problems for Britain, promised freedom and land to any British colonial enslaved people who made their way to Florida. Reports in local newspapersof impending legislation may have also prompted the rebellion. South Carolinians were contemplat…
The Negro Act
- The rebels fought well, which, as historian John K. Thornton speculates, may have been because they had a military background in their homeland. The areas of Africa where they had been sold into captivity were experiencing intense civil wars, and a number of ex-soldiers found themselves enslaved after surrendering to their enemies. South Carolinians thought it was possible that the …
Significance of The Stono Rebellion
- Students often ask, "Why didn't enslaved people fight back?" The answer is that they sometimes did. In his book "American Negro Slave Revolts" (1943), historian Herbert Aptheker estimates that over 250 rebellions of enslaved people occurred in the United States between 1619 and 1865. Some of these insurrections were as terrifying for enslavers as Stono, such as the Gabriel Pross…
Sources
- Aptheker, Herbert. American Negro Slave Revolts. 50th Anniversary Edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
- Smith, Mark Michael. Stono: Documenting and Interpreting a Southern Slave Revolt. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005.
- Thornton, John K. "African Dimensions of the Stono Rebellion." In A Question of Manhood: A …
- Aptheker, Herbert. American Negro Slave Revolts. 50th Anniversary Edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
- Smith, Mark Michael. Stono: Documenting and Interpreting a Southern Slave Revolt. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005.
- Thornton, John K. "African Dimensions of the Stono Rebellion." In A Question of Manhood: A Reader in U.S. Black Men's History and Masculinity, vol. 1. Ed. Darlene Clark Hine and Earnestine Jenkins....
Overview
The Stono Rebellion (also known as Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave revolt that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave rebellion in the Southern Colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed. The uprising was led by native Africans who were likely from the Central African Kingdom of Kongo, as the rebels were Catholic and some spoke Portuguese.
Causes
Since 1708, the majority of the population of the South Carolina colony were enslaved Africans, as importation of laborers from Africa had increased in recent decades with labor demand for the expansion of cotton and rice cultivation as commodity export crops. Historian Ira Berlin has called this the Plantation Generation, noting that South Carolina had become a "slave society," with slavery central to its economy. Planters bought slaves taken from Africa to satisfy the increase…
Events of the revolt
On Sunday, 9 September 1739, Jemmy gathered 22 enslaved Africans near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston. Mark M. Smith argues that taking action on the day after the Feast of the Nativity of Mary connected their Catholic past with present purpose, as did the religious symbols they used. The Africans marched down the roadway with a banner that read "Liberty!", and chanted the same word in unison. They attacked Hutchinson's store at the Stono R…
Aftermath
Over the next two years, slave uprisings occurred independently in Georgia and South Carolina. Colonial officials believed these were inspired by the Stono Rebellion, but historians think the increasingly harsh conditions of slavery since the beginning of the 18th century under the rice and cotton cultures were sufficient cause.
Planters decided to develop a slave population who were native-born, believing the workers wer…
Legacy
The Hutchinson's warehouse site, where the revolt began, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974. A South Carolina Historical Marker has also been erected at the site.
The text of the marker reads:
The Stono Rebellion (1739) The Stono Rebellion, the largest slave insurrection in British North America, began nearby on September 9, 1739. About 20 Africans raided a store near Wallace Cr…
The Hutchinson's warehouse site, where the revolt began, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974. A South Carolina Historical Marker has also been erected at the site.
The text of the marker reads:
The Stono Rebellion (1739) The Stono Rebellion, the largest slave insurrection in British North America, began nearby on September 9, 1739. About 20 Africans raided a store near Wallace Cr…
See also
• List of National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Charleston County, South Carolina
Further reading
• Campbell, Ballard C. Campbell, ed. American Disasters: 201 Calamities That Shook the Nation (2008) pp. 22–23
• George Cato, interviewed by Stiles M. Scruggs, " 'As It Come Down to Me:' Black Memories of Stono in the 1930s", in Mark M. Smith, Stono: Documenting and Interpreting a Southern Slave Revolt, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005. ISBN 1-57003-605-5, pp. 55-d
External links
• Niven, Steven J. (22 February 2016). "The Stono River Slave Rebellion Was Nearly Erased from SC's History Books". The Root.