Full Answer
How is hydriodic acid made?
Hydriodic acid can be produced by combining iodine crystals with water and some form of phosphorus, including red phosphorus, hypophosphorous acid, or phosphorous acid.
What is hydriodic acid used for?
Hydriodic Acid is a colorless to pale yellow liquid. It is used as a disinfectant, analytical reagent, raw material for pharmaceuticals, and to make Iodine salts.
What is hydroiodic acid made of?
Hydriodic acid appears as a colorless to yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Consists of a solution of hydrogen iodide in water.
What does hydrogen and iodine make?
When hydrogen and iodine gases are mixed in a sealed container, they begin to react and form hydrogen iodide.
What happens if you drink hydroiodic acid?
Mouth and throat burn, causing severe pain. Drooling. Breathing difficulty due to swelling of throat.
Is acetic acid a vinegar?
Vinegar is about 4-6% acetic acid in water. More concentrated solutions can be found in laboratory use, and pure acetic acid containing only traces of water is known as glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid is the 33rd highest volume chemical produced in the United States.
Is hydrogen iodide toxic?
Toxic by inhalation. Strongly irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of high concentrations may result in adverse health effects. Prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat may cause the container to rupture and rocket.
How strong is hydroiodic acid?
Properties of Hydroiodic acid It has a pKa value of -10 in water. It is one of the strongest mineral acids and stronger acids than HCl.
What does hydrogen iodide smell like?
Hydrogen iodide is a nonflammable, colorless, corrosive gas with a pungent, suffocating odor.
How do iodine and hydrogen react?
When hydrogen and iodine react they form hydrogen iodide, so the concentration of hydrogen iodide will be higher than it was in the original equilibrium conditions.
At what temperature does iodine react with hydrogen?
3500hydrogen and iodine to react even at 3500, a temperature at which the dark reaction proceeds quite rapidly. The dark reaction is undoubtedly due to thermally produced monatomic hydrogen.
Is hydrogen iodide a strong acid?
Hydrogen iodide (HI) is a diatomic molecule and hydrogen halide. Aqueous solutions of HI are known as hydroiodic acid or hydriodic acid, a strong acid.
What is the use of perchloric acid?
Uses. Perchloric acid is used to separate potassium from sodium, and in many laboratory tests and industrial processes. Uses for the salts of perchloric acid include explosives and plating metals. Perchloric acid may explode, and it decomposes on heating producing toxic and corrosive fumes.
Is hydrochloric acid used for cleaning?
Hydrochloric acid can be an ingredient in household cleaners such as toilet bowl cleaners, bathroom tile cleaners and other porcelain cleaners, due to its corrosive properties that help clean tough stains.
What is hydrochloric acid used in everyday life?
Hydrochloric acid has many uses. It is used in the production of chlorides, fertilizers, and dyes, in electroplating, and in the photographic, textile, and rubber industries. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.
How is sulfuric acid used?
In various concentrations the acid is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pigments, dyes, drugs, explosives, detergents, and inorganic salts and acids, as well as in petroleum refining and metallurgical processes.
How to separate hydriodic acid?
Into an argon-purged separation vessel fitted with a mechanical stirrer is placed hydriodic acid (2.165 L, specific gravity 1.91, 65.0% w/w). A solution of Amberlite LA-2 (0.395 kg) in toluene (5.0 L) is then added to the vessel, and the agitator is used to mix the layers for 2 min. After the layers are allowed to separate, the colourless hydriodic acid layer is run into an argon-purged holding vessel prior to returning to the separator for a single wash with a quantity of degassed toluene. For solutions heavily contaminated with molecular iodine, a second wash with the LA-2 resin solution is required.
How is hydrogen iodide prepared?
Hydrogen iodide may be conveniently prepared by allowing a solution of two parts of iodine in one part of hydriodic acid (density 1.7), to drop onto an excess of red phosphorous. The reaction takes place in the cold. When the evolution of gas slackens considerably, the mixture should be gently warmed.
How many parts of iodine are in a flask?
11 parts (by weight) of iodine is placed in a small flask, and 1 part of yellow phosphorous, cut into small pieces and dried, is gradually added. Expect a flash of light and the contents to turn liquid upon the addition. When all the phosphorous has been added, phosphorous tri-iodide is to be separated upon cooling.
What happens when you heat a liquid?
Heating is continued until the liquid just becomes colorless , because if heating is continued further, phosphine and phosphonium iodide are formed, which can cause a powerful explosion. If you require a solution of hydriodic acid (most formulas do), the gas is led through an inverted funnel into a small quantity of cold water.
What happens when you add phosphorous tri-iodide?
When all the phosphorous has been added, phosphorous tri-iodide is to be separated upon cooling. The product is treated with 1 1/2 parts water, heated gently to produce hydrogen iodide, which is passed over some red phosphorous, that has been moistened with a little water and placed in a U tube.
How is sulfur removed from a liquid?
The sulfur is removed by filtration through a funnel plugged with glass wool (or through a sintered glass funnel). The hydriodic acid is then distilled, and the fraction boiling between 125.5-126.5°C ...
Does washing affect hydriodic acid?
The concentration of hydriodic acid was not affected by the washing process nor was its specific gravity, both of which needed to be accurately determined for the calculation of stoichiometric quantities.
What is hydroiodic acid?
Like other hydrogen halides, hydroiodic acid add s to alkenes to give alkyl iodides. It can also be used as a reducing agent, for example in the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to anilines.
Is hydroiodic acid a DEA substance?
Hydroiodic acid is listed as a U.S. Federal DEA List I Chemical, owing to its use as a reducing agent related to the production of methamphetamine from ephedrine or pseudoephedrine (recovered from nasal decongestant pills).
What temperature does hydriodic acid distill?
KI will be converted first into HI (aq), then into HI (aq) and HI as the reaction proceeds. Hydriodic acid will distill at 105 to 127ºC. After the initial run of acid is produced and the contents of the reactor cooled, the dilute hydriodic acid will be redistilled to produce HI (aq).
What is the color of hydriodic acid?
Hydriodic acid is a fuming corrosive liquid, clear yellow to muddy brown in color. Hydrogen iodide is a transparent fuming corrosive gas. 57% hydriodic acid is a constant boiling (127ºC/760 mm) mixture of hydrogen iodide and water. In this write-up, the notation HI will refer to hydrogen iodide--a gas. The notation HI (aq) will refer ...
How long does it take to make 10L of HI?
Making 10L of HI (aq) in a 22L reactor takes one full 24 hour day from start to finish. This includes setting up the glassware and dismantling and cleaning up for the next batch. You need to stay awake during the reaction. The reaction should not be left unattended for more than 10 minutes. The dynamics are continually changing as the reaction proceeds; suckback can be a concern: you need to stay on top of it. It takes the same amount of time in a [deleted], but if you have the resources and knowledge to set up at that scale, you're a master, not a student, and need no further instruction from me.
What is redistillation in chemistry?
The redistillation is a straitforward atmospheric distillation. No gas will be generated. As soon as the acid boils and starts coming over you must watch the thermometer at the still head. As soon as it reaches 125º, change receivers. Everything that comes over from that point forward is 57% HI (aq). The very last drop will distill out of the boiling flask. No residue will be left, it all boils. In fact, after you have done this distillation once, you will quickly figure out the obvious short cut--collect the fraction that comes over at less than 127º, and then turn off the heat and everything left in your boiling flask is 57% HI (aq), no need to distill it--it's already pure. Just allow it to cool before you package it up.
What does HI mean in chemistry?
In this write-up, the notation HI will refer to hydrogen iodide--a gas. The notation HI (aq) will refer to 57% hydriodic acid--a liquid.
What temperature does potassium iodide react with?
additional HI (aq) and HI is obtained throughout the dehydration of potassium phosphate salts and polymerization of same while reacting with potassium iodide at high temperature--400+ºC
How much does a 57% acid weigh?
1) Weigh it in a graduated cylinder--the density of 57% acid is 1.7. 500 cc will weigh 850 grams, exactly. Anything less is not 57%.
Properties
The physical properties of hydroiodic acid vary depending on its concentration. Azeotropic hydroiodic acid contains 57% HI and boils at 127°C. More common is 45% hydroiodic acid, which has a density of 1.48 g/cm 3 .
Availability and Sources
Hydroiodic acid is sometimes available in chemical reagent stores, but this availability varies because of the acid's use in drug synthesis. In USA it is classified as DEA List I chemical. It is not used in any household chemicals.
Preparation
Hydroiodic acid is the most elusive hydrohalic acid, it generally cannot be prepared in satisfying amount by reactions of other strong acids and iodide salts. Only certain acids such as phosphoric acid or hydrogen sulfide can be used to produce hydroiodic acid with this method.
Handling
Hydroiodic acid is a very strong, corrosive acid. It is mostly non-toxic. However, protective gear is advised when handling it. Concentrated solutions release corrosive fumes.
What is the color of hydriodic acid?
Hydriodic acid appears as a colorless to yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Consists of a solution of hydrogen iodide in water. Fumes irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and to tissue.
Why is hydroidic acid stored?
Hydroidic acid must be stored to avoid contact with strong acids (such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric), chemically active metals (such as potassium, sodium, magnesium and zinc ), and strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) since violent reactions occur.
How to protect yourself from a toxic substance?
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material (s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves . Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)
Where is iodide excreted?
The iodide ion is excreted in part by the bronchial glands. ... /Hydriodic acid syrup/
When working with strong solutions of acids or bases or other caustic or corrosive materials, always wear answer?
SRP: When working with strong solutions of acids or bases or other caustic or corrosive materials, always wear a full face mask. When working with caustic or corrosive gases or vapors, a full face mask will not protect the eyes or prevent inhaling the material. A full face respirator is required.
Is hydrogen iodide toxic?
Hydrogen iodide, anhydrous appears as a colorless to yellow/brown gas with an acrid odor. Nonflammable. Toxic by inhalation. Strongly irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of high concentrations may result in adverse health effects.
