Andromeda is chained to a rock as a sacrifice to sate the monster, but is saved from death by Perseus
Perseus
In Greek mythology, Perseus is the legendary founder of Mycenae and of the Perseid dynasty. He beheaded the Gorgon Medusa for Polydectes and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. He was the son of Zeus and the mortal Danaë, as well as the half-brother and great-gran…
What is the story of Andromeda in Greek mythology?
Andromeda. Andromeda, in Greek mythology, beautiful daughter of King Cepheus and Queen Cassiope of Joppa in Palestine (called Ethiopia) and wife of Perseus. Cassiope offended the Nereids by boasting that Andromeda was more beautiful than they, so in revenge Poseidon sent a sea monster to devastate Cepheus’ kingdom.
What happened to Andromeda after Perseus killed the great monster?
This Andromeda was saved by Perseus. Cepheus was so happy at the killing of the great monster, that he allowed Perseus to marry Andromeda. What Happens to Perseus and Andromeda? Perseus and Andromeda are married in Joppa and they spend a year together there. But, eventually, Perseus feels that he should return to Seriphos.
Why is Andromeda Chained to a rock in the Odyssey?
In desperation, King Cepheus consults the oracle of Ammon, who announces that no respite can be found until the king sacrifices his daughter, Andromeda, to the monster. She is thus chained to a rock by the sea to await her death.
What happened to Andromeda in Clash of the Titans?
Andromeda is featured in the 2010 film Clash of the Titans, a remake of the 1981 version which strays from the myth's ancient sources, and Greek mythology in general. As in the 1981 version, she is set to be sacrificed to the kraken but is saved by Perseus.
Is Andromeda mortal or immortal?
The legendary princess, Andromeda, was a mortal woman born to King Cepheus and Queen Cassiopeia. Andromeda's fate was sealed when Cassiopeia bragged that Andromeda was more beautiful than the Nereid sea nymphs. The Nereid sea nymphs were known for their astounding beauty.
Did Perseus and Andromeda die?
Andromeda is chained to a rock as a sacrifice to sate the monster, but is saved from death by Perseus, who marries her and takes her to Greece to reign as his queen.
Who killed Medusa and saved Andromeda?
Perseus killed the famed monster Medusa, the hideous gorgon with snakes for hair who turned anyone with the misfortune of looking into her eyes into stone. Cepheus and Cassiopeia were king and queen, and had a beautiful daughter, Andromeda.
Does Perseus save Andromeda?
1594/95. The Greek hero Perseus, traveling home after slaying Medusa, spotted the princess Andromeda chained to a rock. He rescued her from being sacrificed to a sea monster and won her hand in marriage.
Who killed Perseus?
Perseus slew Proetus, and was afterwards killed by Megapenthes, the son of Proetus, who avenged the death of his father.
Is Andromeda killed by a monster?
Cassiope offended the Nereids by boasting that Andromeda was more beautiful than they, so in revenge Poseidon sent a sea monster to devastate Cepheus' kingdom. Since only Andromeda's sacrifice would appease the gods, she was chained to a rock and left to be devoured by the monster.
How many kids did Zeus?
Zeus has four siblings which include Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and Hestia. Zeus also had six children which include Artemis, Apollo, Hermes, Athena, Ares, and Aphrodite. Together we will explore and learn about Greek Mythology, Zeus and his family through this beautiful gallery.
Who was Medusa in love with?
Medusa and Poseidon engaged in a love affair and would have two children together, but not before Athena discovered the illicit affair. When Athena discovered the affair, she was enraged and immediately cursed Medusa by taking away her beauty.
Who did Perseus fall in love with?
An oracle informed Andromeda's father, King Cepheus, that the ills would cease if he exposed Andromeda to the monster, which he did. Perseus, passing by, saw the princess and fell in love with her. He turned the sea monster to stone by showing it Medusa's head and afterward married Andromeda.
How many kids did Perseus and Andromeda have?
Perseus and Andromeda had seven sons: Perses, Alcaeus, Heleus, Mestor, Sthenelus, Electryon, and Cynurus, and two daughters, Gorgophone and Autochthe.
Why was Medusa killed?
In most versions of the story, she was beheaded by the hero Perseus, who was sent to fetch her head by King Polydectes of Seriphus because Polydectes wanted to marry Perseus's mother. The gods were well aware of this, and Perseus received help.
Who killed Medusa?
Perseus set out with the aid of the gods, who provided him with divine tools. While the Gorgons slept, the hero attacked, using Athena's polished shield to view the reflection of Medusa's awful face and avoid her petrifying gaze while he beheaded her with a harpe, an adamantine sword.
What happened to Perseus?
Perseus, passing by, saw the princess and fell in love with her. He turned the sea monster to stone by showing it Medusa's head and afterward married Andromeda. Later Perseus gave the Gorgon's head to Athena, who placed it on her shield, and gave his other accoutrements to Hermes.
Did Perseus and Andromeda have a child?
Descendants. Perseus and Andromeda had seven sons: Perses, Alcaeus, Heleus, Mestor, Sthenelus, Electryon, and Cynurus, and two daughters, Gorgophone and Autochthe. Perses was left in Aethiopia and was believed to have been an ancestor of the Persians.
Why was Medusa killed by Perseus?
Once landing on the island of Serifos, Perseus grew into a strong man with noble character and great intelligence. As King Polydectes ordered the near-impossible task that Perseus bring him the head of Medusa, Perseus dedicated himself to fulfilling the demand to save his mother.
How did Hercules die?
Several years later Heracles fell in love with Iole, daughter of Eurytus, king of Oechalia. Deianeira, realizing that Iole was a dangerous rival, sent Heracles a garment smeared with the blood of Nessus. The blood proved to be a powerful poison, and Heracles died.
What color is Andromeda?
Elizabeth McGrath, in her article The Black Andromeda, discusses the tradition, as promoted by the influential Roman poet Ovid, of Andromeda being a dark-skinned woman of either Ethiopian or Indian origin. In his Heroides Ovid has Sappho explain to Phaon: "though I'm not pure white, Cepheus's dark Andromeda/charmed Perseus with her native color./White doves often choose mates of different hue/and the parrot loves the black turtle dove"; the Latin word fuscae Ovid uses here for "dark Andromeda" refers to the color black or brown. Elsewhere he says that Perseus brought Andromeda from "darkest" India and declares “Nor was Andromeda’s color any problem/to her wing-footed aerial lover” adding that “White suits dark girls; you looked so attractive in white, Andromeda”. Ovid's account of Andromeda's story follows Euripides ' play Andromeda in having Perseus initially mistake the chained Andromeda for a statue of marble, which has been taken to mean she was light-skinned; but since statues in Ovid's time were commonly painted to look like living people, her skin tone could have been of any color.
What is the meaning of "Andromeda"?
In Greek mythology, Andromeda ( / ænˈdrɒmədə /; Greek: Ἀνδρομέδα, Androméda or Ἀνδρομέδη, Andromédē) is the daughter of the king of Aethiopia, Cepheus, and his wife, Cassiopeia. When Cassiopeia boasts ...
How many sons did Perseus have?
Perseus and Andromeda have seven sons: Perses (who, according to folk etymology, is the ancestor of the Persians ), Alcaeus, Heleus, Mestor, Sthenelus, Electryon, and Cynurus as well as two daughters, Autochthe and Gorgophone.
Where is the story of Andromeda?
Conon ( Narrations, 40) places the story in Joppa (Iope or Jaffa, on the coast of modern Israel ), and seeks to rationalize the myth by making Andromeda's uncles Phineus and Phoinix rivals for her hand in marriage; her father Cepheus contrives to have Phoinix abduct her in a ship named Cetos from a small island she visits to make sacrifices to Aphrodite, and Perseus, sailing nearby, intercepts and destroys Cetos and its crew, who are "petrified by shock" at his bravery. Conon thus explains away all the exotic and magical elements of the story.
What ethnicity was Andromeda?
Ethnicities of Andromeda. Andromeda was the daughter of the king and queen of Ethiopia ( Aithiopia/Aethiopia ), which ancient Greeks located at the edge of the world of the lands south of Egypt ( Nubia ).
What is Poseidon's punishment for the queen?
To punish the queen for her arrogance , Poseidon floods the Ethiopian coast and sends a sea monster named Cetus to ravage the kingdom's inhabitants. In desperation, King Cepheus consults the oracle of Ammon, who announces that no respite can be found until the king sacrifices his daughter, Andromeda, to the monster.
Where is Perseus flying?
Perseus is just then flying near the coast of Ethiopia on his winged sandals, having slain the Gorgon Medusa and carrying her severed head, which instantly turns to stone any who look at it. Upon seeing Andromeda bound to the rock, Perseus falls in love with her, and he secures Cepheus' promise of her hand in marriage if he can save her. Perseus kills the monster with the magical sword he had used against Medusa, saving Andromeda. Preparations are then made for their marriage, in spite of her having been previously promised to her uncle, Phineus. At the wedding, a quarrel between the rivals ends when Perseus shows Medusa's head to Phineus and his allies, turning them to stone.
Why did Ted and Andromeda cut off contact with her sisters?
Statements by her sisters indicate that both of them cut off contact with Andromeda because they considered her a blood traitor for her marriage. In 1973, around the age of twenty, Andromeda and Ted had one child, Nymphadora Tonks.
Why are Andromeda's sisters still here?
Andromeda's sisters are still here because they made lovely, respectable pure-blood marriages, but Andromeda married a Muggle-born, Ted Tonks, so —". — Andromeda's refusal to live up to her families' expectations [src] Andromeda "Dromeda" Tonks (née Black) (b. 1951 - 1955 ), was an English pure-blood witch and the middle daughter ...
What is the difference between Andromeda and her sisters?
It is safe to assume, given her marriage to a Muggle-born, that Andromeda was very different from both of her sisters: while her sisters married into "respectable" pure-blood families, she married for love despite her family's opposition, leading to her family's hatred of her.
Why was Andromeda's relationship with her parents bad?
Because she married a Muggle-born against her family's ideals of blood purity she was disowned and not considered a Black after that. It is safe to assume that her parents did not consider her as their daughter anymore and, like Bellatrix and Narcissa, cut off all contact with her. It is also possible that Andromeda's parents never met their granddaughter.
What did Andromeda's daughter dislike?
Andromeda selected the name, which her daughter strongly disliked, preferring to be known simply as "Tonks" by her friends. Ted, Remus Lupin, and Andromeda called her Dora for short. Andromeda had a talent for cleanliness that her husband and daughter did not share. Andromeda's burn mark on the Black Family Tree.
What is Andromeda's burn mark?
Andromeda's burn mark on the Black Family Tree. Her daughter, Nymphadora, began her first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in 1984 and was sorted into Hufflepuff House at the Sorting ceremony.
Where did Harry Potter and Rubeus Hagrid live after the Battle of the Seven Potters?
After the Battle of the Seven Potters, they were instrumental in Harry Potter's moving from Privet Drive to The Burrow: Harry Potter and Rubeus Hagrid took temporary refuge in Tonks' home, where Andromeda took care of Hagrid's injuries.
What did Polydectes challenge Perseus to do?
He challenged Perseus to dare a difficult task, to kill the fearsome Gorgon Medusa and bring back her head. Gorgon Medousa was a terrible monster with snakes in her head and she could turn into stone everyone that looked her face. By killing Medousa, Perseus would prove his braveness, as fits to the son of Zeus. Polydectes was sure that Perseus would not survive this dangerous task.
Why did Perseus cut off Medousa's head?
In order to avoid looking Medousa directly to her face and thereby being turned into a stone, Perse us approached Medousa looking at her reflection in the mirror and cut off her head with the sword of Hermes. So easily then, the brave and intelligent Perseus managed to complete this difficult task!
What is the meaning of Perseus and Andromeda?
Perseus & Andromeda. The story of Perseus and Andromeda derives from Greek mythology and contains very deep wisdom on the interactions of male and female energy. Perseus is one of the greatest heroes of Greek Mythology. He was the son of mighty Zeus and mortal Danae.
What did Perseus do to save Andromeda?
As he was flying over Africa in his return home, Perseus encountered Atlas the Titan, a mythical giant, who challenged him. In their confrontation, Perseus used Medousa's head to turn the Titan into stone. Perseus continued his journey home and, as he passed the kingdom of Ethiopia, he came upon the beautiful ...
Why did Perseus make Dictus the king of the island?
After that, Perseus made Dictus the fisherman king of the island, to thank him for his kindness and generosity all these years. A grateful Perseus gave his flying sandal, mirror and magical cap to god Hermes. He also gave his great trophy, the head of Medousa, to goddess Athena.
What does the Oracle of Delphi tell Acrisius?
The story starts when the Oracle of Delphi warns Acrisius, King of Argos, that his own grandson would kill him. Fearing that this prophecy would come true, he locks his only daughter, Danae, into an underground bronze chamber, to keep her away from all men. However, Zeus the all mighty saw the girl and fell in love with her. He then took the form of a golden rain to get into the bronze chamber and seduce Danae. From this union, Danae gave birth to a son whom she named Perseus.
What did Athena give Perseus?
To help him, god Hermes gave him a curved sword and a pair of winged sandals (other versions of the myth say that Hermes did not give Perseus a pair of winged sandals but a white winged horse) while Athena gave him a mirror of polished bronze and a cap from Hades that could make invisible anyone who would wear it.
How far apart are Andromeda and the Milky Way?
Currently, Andromeda and the Milky Way are about 2.5 million light-years apart. Fueled by gravity, the two galaxies are hurtling toward one another at 402,000 kilometers per hour.
What will happen to the Milky Way in 4 billion years?
Four billion years from now, our galaxy, the Milky Way, will collide with our large spiraled neighbor, Andromeda. The galaxies as we know them will not survive. In fact, our solar system is going to outlive our galaxy. At that point, the sun will not yet be a red giant star – but it will have grown bright enough to roast Earth’s surface.
What telescope was used to measure Andromeda's motion?
In 2012, a team of astronomers based at the Space Telescope Science Institute re-did the collision calculations, this time using direct measurements of Andromeda’s proper motion. After all those years, the team was able to get those measurements with the Hubble space telescope – and an observing campaign that used years of data, beginning with images snapped in 2002.
When will the Milky Way and Andromeda merge?
In 4 billion years, the Milky Way (right) and Andromeda (left) will collide and merge. This image depicts the view from Earth in 3.75 billion years, as Andromeda begins tugging on and deforming the Milky Way.
What is Newton's gift of foresight?
That Newton could describe the orbits of planets, and Halley the return of his eponymous comet, and contemporary astronomers, the end of the Milky Way – this gift of foresight is really a mathematical understanding of the physical laws that govern the movements of celestial bodies.
Who measured the speed of the galaxy?
The story starts in the early 1900s, when astronomer Vesto Slipher measured the radial velocity of Andromeda — in other words, he calculated the speed at which the galaxy was moving toward or away from Earth. Slipher did this by looking for a telltale stretching or compression in the light from Andromeda arriving at Earth: Light from objects that are moving away from us is slightly stretched, or red-shifted. Light from objects moving toward us is blue-shifted, or compressed.
Is the end of the Milky Way still uncertain?
Whether its arrival would mean the end of the Milky Way was still uncertain. For decades, scientists had no way of knowing whether Andromeda and the Milky Way would collide head-on, or if they would slip past one another like star-filled vessels in the cosmic night.
What is the name of the space station that the Andromeda lost?
Arkology , a huge space station with a pacifist population and the site of the Andromeda ' s second confrontation with the Magog World ship. The Andromeda lost and the Arkology was destroyed, but Trance still managed to cripple the World ship with her powers.
What is the primary mode of travel for ships in the Andromeda universe?
Slipstream is the primary mode of travel for ships in the Andromeda universe, and the only known method of traveling faster than the speed of light. The Vedran discovery of the Slipstream was instrumental in the formation of their intergalactic empire, which became the precursor of the Systems Commonwealth.
How many seasons of Andromeda are there on DVD?
On October 3, 2006, they released a complete series DVD box set known as Andromeda: The Slipstream Collection . Alliance Home Entertainment has released all five seasons on DVD in Canada only. In Region 2, Revelation Films has released the first four seasons on DVD in the United Kingdom.
What happened to Hephaestus in the pilot episode?
Hephaestus, a system with a significant Nietzschean population that was devastated by a rogue black hole in the pilot episode and the place of Dylan's frozen imprisonment in time for 300 years. It turned out in season five that the Andromeda somehow still retained a connection to this black hole.
What happened to the Andromeda in CY 10087?
The Andromeda, with Hunt aboard, is caught at the edge of the event horizon of a black hole, freezing both in time . 303 years later, in CY 10087 (approx 5167 AD ), the crew of the salvage ship Eureka Maru locates the ship.
What is the name of the TV series based on a true story?
Andromeda. (TV series) Not to be confused with A for Andromeda. Andromeda (formally titled Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda) is a space opera television series, based on unused material by Gene Roddenberry, developed by Robert Hewitt Wolfe, and produced by Roddenberry's widow, Majel Barrett. It starred Kevin Sorbo as High Guard Captain Dylan Hunt.
When did Andromeda come out on DVD?
By 2003, ADV Films had home video/ DVD rights for the show. The company released the entire series on DVD in region 1 between 2003 and 2006. In December 2003, ADV released Season 3, Collection 2. On October 3, 2006, they released a complete series DVD box set known as Andromeda: The Slipstream Collection .
What Is the Story Behind Andromeda, Cepheus, Cassiopeia and Perseus?
In order to better understand the story behind Andromeda, Cepheus and Cassiopeia it is best to introduce the main characters in a bit more detail first.
What Are Some of Perseus Powers?
In line with many of the Greek myths, the central hero has both physical abilities and the help of mythical tools. This is also the case in the myths of Perseus. What follows are just some of these abilities, tools and powers.
Where Does Medusa’s Head Finally End Up?
The head of Medusa was one of the more powerful and potent super weapons of Greek mythology. It spent a lot of time with Perseus after he killed Medusa, being used to kill and destroy many of his enemies. Some of the significant victories include against the sea monster and when Perseus encountered the titan Atlas. But, where does Medusa’s head finally end up?
What did Perseus do to save Andromeda?
Perseus, enraged by the story, decided to fight the sea monster. He used his winged shoes, and bronze shield and his sword to fight off the beast, but it wasn’t enough. As a last option he reached into his bag for the head of medusa. He pulled out the head and directed the eyes towards the sea monster. The sea monster was instantly turned to stone. This Andromeda was saved by Perseus. Cepheus was so happy at the killing of the great monster, that he allowed Perseus to marry Andromeda.
What was Perseus given to help him?
To aid Perseus in his venture he was given some winged shoes and a sword by Hermes and a bronze shield by Athena. Anyone who looked into the eyes of Medusa was turned to stone. So, Perseus used the reflection in the bronze shield to search for Medusa and when he found her he was able to chop off her head. Having put the head in a bag he started his homeward journey. This is when we meet Andromeda.
How many children did Perseus have?
According to mythology, Perseus lived to a very old age. Perseus and Andromeda had a grand total of six children – Alcaeus, Heleus, Sthenelus, Elios, Gorgophonis and Electryon.
What shield did Perseus use to defeat Medusa?
The Bronze Shield – This particular shield was central to overcoming Medusa. Anyone who took on the Gorgon was turned to stone when they looked into her eyes. Perseus being the crafty warrior that he was, was able to look into the reflection on the shield to guide him when fighting Medusa.
Overview
In Greek mythology, Andromeda is the daughter of the king of Aethiopia, Cepheus, and his wife, Cassiopeia. When Cassiopeia boasts that she is more beautiful than the Nereids, Poseidon sends the sea monster Cetus to ravage the coast of Aethiopia as divine punishment. Andromeda is chained to a rock as a sacrifice to sate the monster, but is saved from death by Perseus, who marries her and takes her to Greece to reign as his queen.
Etymology
Her name is the Latinized form of the Greek Ἀνδρομέδα (Androméda) or Ἀνδρομέδη (Andromédē) 'ruler of men', from ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός (anēr, andrós) meaning 'man, husband, human being', and μέδω (medō) 'I protect, rule over'.
Mythology
In Greek mythology, Andromeda is the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of ancient Ethiopia. Her mother Cassiopeia foolishly boasts that she is more beautiful than the Nereids, a display of hubris by a human that is unacceptable to the gods. To punish the queen for her arrogance, Poseidon floods the Ethiopian coast and sends a sea monster named Cetus to ravage the kingdom's inhabitants. In desperation, King Cepheus consults the oracle of Ammon, who anno…
Ethnicities of Andromeda
Andromeda was the daughter of the king and queen of Ethiopia (Aithiopia/Aethiopia), which ancient Greeks located at the edge of the world of the lands south of Egypt (Nubia). The term Aithiops was generally applied to Nubians and other peoples who dwelt above the equator, between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, being derived from the Greek words αἴθω and ὤψ (aitho 'I burn' + ops 'face'), translating as burnt-face in noun form and red-brown in adjectival for…
Cultural references
Andromeda is represented in the Northern sky by the constellation Andromeda, which contains the Andromeda Galaxy.
Several constellations are associated with the myth. Viewing the fainter stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations are rendered as:
• A maiden (Andromeda) chained up, facing or turning away from the ecliptic.
Gallery
• Perseus freeing Andromeda, fresco in Pompeii
• Piero di Cosimo, Perseus Freeing Andromeda, ca. 1510
• Titian, Perseus and Andromeda, 1554-1556
• Giorgio Vasari, Perseus and Andromeda, 1570
See also
• Angelica
• Atalanta
• Danaë
• Ethiopia (Greek mythology)
• White Aethiopians
Sources
For Full Text and Translations of Source Materials and Articles on Mythology:
• Perseus Digital Library (Tufts University) https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/
• Theoi Greek Mythology https://www.theoi.com/
Primary Greek and Roman sources:
Overview
The Andromeda–Milky Way collision was a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 4.5 billion years between the two largest galaxies in the Local Group—the Milky Way (which contains the Solar System and Earth) and the Andromeda Galaxy. The stars involved are sufficiently far apart that it is improbable that any of them will individually collide. Some stars will be ejected from the resulting galaxy, often nicknamed Milkomeda or Milkdromeda, a portmanteau of the respective galaxy na…
Certainty
The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about 110 kilometres per second (68 mi/s) as indicated by blueshift. However, the lateral speed (measured as proper motion) is very difficult to measure with sufficient precision to draw reasonable conclusions. Until 2012, it was not known whether the possible collision was definitely going to happen or not. Researchers then used the Hubble Space Telescope to measure the positions of stars in Andromeda in 2002 and 2…
Stellar collisions
While the Andromeda Galaxy contains about 1 trillion (10 ) stars and the Milky Way contains about 300 billion (3×10 ), the chance of even two stars colliding is negligible because of the huge distances between the stars. For example, the nearest star to the Sun is Proxima Centauri, about 4.2 light-years (4.0×10 km; 2.5×10 mi) or 30 million (3×10 ) solar diameters away.
To visualize that scale, if the Sun were a ping-pong ball, Proxima Centauri would be a pea about …
Black hole collisions
The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies each contain a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), these being Sagittarius A* (c. 3.6×10 M☉) and an object within the P2 concentration of Andromeda's nucleus (1–2×10 M☉). These black holes will converge near the centre of the newly formed galaxy over a period that may take millions of years, due to a process known as dynamical friction: as the SMBHs move relative to the surrounding cloud of much less massive stars, gravit…
Fate of the Solar System
Two scientists with the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics stated that when, and even whether, the two galaxies collide will depend on Andromeda's transverse velocity. Based on current calculations they predict a 50% chance that in a merged galaxy, the Solar System will be swept out three times farther from the galactic core than its current distance. They also predict a 12% chance that the Solar System will be ejected from the new galaxy sometime during the colli…
Possible triggered stellar events
When two spiral galaxies collide, the hydrogen present on their disks is compressed, producing strong star formation as can be seen on interacting systems like the Antennae Galaxies. In the case of the Andromeda–Milky Way collision, it is believed that there will be little gas remaining in the disks of both galaxies, so the mentioned starburst will be relatively weak, though it still may be enough to form a quasar.
Merger remnant
The galaxy product of the collision has been nicknamed Milkomeda or Milkdromeda. According to simulations, this object is likely to be a giant elliptical galaxy, but with a centre showing less stellar density than current elliptical galaxies. It is, however, possible the resulting object will be a large lenticular or super spiral galaxy, depending on the amount of remaining gas in the Milky Way and Andromeda.
See also
• NGC 2207 and IC 2163
• Mayall's Object