How the blood glucose is regulated?
How does the body regulate the level of blood glucose quizlet?
How is blood glucose regulated in homeostasis?
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Action of insulin.
| Low glucose | High glucose | |
|---|---|---|
| Effect on blood glucose level | Increases | Decreases |
What is the regulation of blood glucose called?
How does glucagon regulate blood sugar levels?
How are blood levels of glucagon and insulin controlled?
Why is regulation of blood glucose levels important?
How are glucose levels controlled GCSE?
How is glucose maintained in the body?
Where are the receptors for blood glucose regulation?
What organs regulate blood sugar?
Sort State the big ideas for blood sugar regulation 1. The primary organs that regulate blood sugar are: Pancreas, Liver, Adrenal Glands 2. Never before in history of mankind have we had and emergency need to lower blood sugar 3. Americans are inundating their bodies with sugar and carbs (196lbs sugar/per year/pp) 4. Consumption of refined sugar causes severe deficiencies in the nutrients that regulate blood sugar, esp. Thiamine (B1) and magnesium Describe the interaction between the pancreas, liver, and adrenals when regulating blood sugar The chemical breakdown of carbs produces simple sugars that liver converts into glucose. The pancreas is composed of endocrine and exocrine glands and acts as an endocrine gland during blood sugar handling by producing insulin and glucagon. the pancreatic islets contain 2 hormone producing cell groups -- alpha cells produce glucagon; beta cells produce insulin. Insulin is a hypoglycemic hormone; glucagon is a hyperglycemic hormone; together they are responsible for maintaining blood sugar level at constant level. 2.) Insulin inhibits breakdown of glycogen to glucose 3.) Insulin inhibits the conversion of amino acids or fats to glucose (gluconeogenesis). Adrenals are primary shock absorber; in charge of blood sugar reg. in times of stress; in fight or flight response: body's priority is to divert (away from non-essential organs) energy to heart and muscles to raise heart rate and blood pressure and allow us to run fast away from predator. increase ATP production and handle emergency production of glucose (since glucagon is not designed for this). Corticosteriods reinforce or prolong fight-or-flight response. Digestion and immune system gets shut down during "emergency situations" (sympathetic process) Glycogenolysis - process of conve Continue reading >>
What is the process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels?
The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels In regard to counter-regulatory hormones, this is the first to be produced in response to cellular deficiency of glucose An excess amount of this can lead to nausea A hormone that is produced by the beta-cells in the pancreas and it is the only hormone that allows transfer of blood glucose into body cells, thus decreasing blood glucose concentration to an optimal level after ingestion of carbohydrates Refers to a state in which the body cells resist the action of insulin An underlying problem in many conditions that contribute to impaired glucose metabolism and regulation The conversion of proteins and amino acids to glucose in the body Normal blood glucose ranges between 70 and 140 mg/dL at all times The term used to describe a state of elevated blood glucose levels, generally defined as greater than 100 mg/dL in the fasting state or greater than 140 mg/dL postprandial **Most common symptoms are polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia -Fingertip is the best testing site because there is a lag time between sites when BS is changing rapidly. ***Galactose and xylose are found in some foods, herbs, and dietary supplements and can cause falsely high results. Carbohydrate intake and available insulin are responsible for postmeal glucose levels. -It is recommended that the pt should have a minimum intake of 130 g/day of carbs. The diet should include carbs ffom fruit, vegetables, wholegrains, legumes, and low fat milk products. Dietary fat and cholesterol intake recommendations are: -Limitingtotal fat intake to 20-35% of daily caloric intake -Choosing monounsaturated and polyunsaturates fats oer aturated and trans fats -Limiting dietary cholesterol to < 200 mg/day -Having two or more servings of fatty fish per week Protein Continue reading >>
How does gluconeogenesis work?
Def: "the creation of glycogen" storing glucose as glycogen in liver and muscles breaking down glycogen back down into glucose. Releasing glucose from stage in liver (blood) and muscle (muscle cells) "creating new glucose" Making glucose from non CHO substances. (liver) During carbohydrate deprivation, gluconeogenesis gets its resources from amino acids in muscle tissues and from the liver. (long term could effect the kidneys) produced and secreted by the pancreas; stimulates uptake of gluco se by cells for storage (glycogenesis) or E production; allows every cell of your body to take in glucose; allows EVERY CELL IN YOUR BODY to take in all your other nutrients. -insulin binds to receptors on cell membrane -sends signals to Glut-4 transporters to come to cell membrane and carry glucose into cell -exercise has same effect, independent of insulin (effects last for 24-48 hours) What is another way to get glucose into your cells? this can prevent type 2 diabetes and reverse insulin resistance when the glucose is gone from the blood (drop) glucagon is secreted to help bring blood sugar back up -stimulates the release of glucose by the LIVER only. (GLYCOGENOLYSIS) -also stimulates the liver to make glucose if "famine" continues. (GLUCONEOGENESIS) Continue reading >>
What does it mean when you have high blood glucose?
Sort Hyperglycemia High blood glucose. High blood glucose happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly.Term used to describe hormones such as glucagon that elevate blood glucose levels. If you have type 1, you may not have given yourself enough insulin. If you have type 2, your body may have enough insulin, but it is not as effective as it should be. You ate more than planned or exercised less than planned. You have stress from an illness, such as a cold or flu. Youve just attended a football game with your friend sharon who is diabetic. While sharon drank only one beer during the game she is having trouble walking straight her speech is slurred and she is not making sense. what does it mean when we say sharon is diabetic? what is the most likely explanation for sharons current behavior? how could you help her? when we say sharon is diabetic this means that she has insufficient insulin action in her body. the most likely explanation for sharons behavior is that she has taken too much insulin and is experiencing hypoglycemia. You could help her by making sure she gets a sugary snack. Continue reading >>
Which gland secretes mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens?
Outer layer of the adrenal gland that secretes mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex "Salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. NA+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure. Works with insulin & glucagon to maintain normal blood sugar. "Master gland"; produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction. A stress hormone that releases sugars into the blood, helping to prepare the body to respond to a threat. A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues. Groups of cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide, the three pancreatic endocrine secretions. These hormones are important regulators of carbohydrate metabolism. An organ in the abdominal cavity with two roles, exocrine and endocrine. Early morning glucose elevation produced by the release of growth hormone, which decreases peripheral uptake of glucose resulting in elevated morning glucose levels. Condition caused by deficiency in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by posterior pituitary gland; result is large amounts of urine and sodium are secreted from body. Chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fats and proteins. One of the most serious complications of hyperglycemia. Caused by drawing fluid out of the cell into circulation, excreted by kidneys. Results in Polyuria, dehydration & electrolyte imbalance. This increases fat metabolism and ketones, resulting in me Continue reading >>
