What are the different types of legislation for protected areas?
(ii) this Act, the Biodiversity Act, the National Environmental Management Act and any other applicable national legislation; (iii) any applicable provincial legislation, in the case of a provincial protected area; and (iv) any applicable municipal by-laws, in the case of a local protected area.
What are the different categories of protected area management?
IUCN Protected Area Management Categories: Category Ia — Strict Nature Reserve Category Ib — Wilderness Area Category II — National Park Category III — Natural Monument or Feature Category IV — Habitat/Species Management Area Category V — Protected Landscape/Seascape Category VI – Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources
What are the objectives of protected areas?
The objective of protected areas is to conserve biodiversity and to provide a way for measuring the progress of such conservation.
What are the protected areas under the NIPAS Act?
The NIPAS act covers all protected areas whether terrestrial, coastal or marine. Since 1992, a total of 234 protected areas covering 5.23 million hectares and .22 million hectares buffer zone were governed under the NIPAS Act (DENR, 2009). National integrated protected areas system.
What is protected area?
Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural, ecological or cultural values. There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
How many protected areas are there in the world?
There are over 161,000 protected areas in the world (as of October 2010) with more added daily, representing between 10 and 15 percent of the world's land surface area. As of 2016, there are 14,688 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), and approximately 14.7% of the world's terrestrial and inland water areas (excluding Antarctica) are protected.
How many countries have enacted PADDD?
PADDD is a historical and contemporary phenomenon. 78% of PADDD events worldwide were enacted since 2000 and governments in at least 14 countries are currently considering at least 46 PADDD proposals. Proximate causes of PADDD vary widely but most PADDD events globally (62%) are related to industrial scale resource extraction and development – infrastructure, industrial agriculture, mining, oil and gas, forestry, fisheries, and industrialization.
What is the oldest protected area in the world?
The oldest legally protected reserve recorded in history is the Main Ridge Forest Reserve, established by an ordinance dated 13 April 1776. Other sources mention the 1778 approval of a protected area on then- Khan Uul, a mountain previous protected by local nomads for centuries in Mongolia, by then-ruling Qing China Tenger Tetgegch Khaan. However, the mass protected areas movement did not begin until late nineteenth-century in North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, when other countries were quick to follow suit. While the idea of protected areas spread around the world in the twentieth century, the driving force was different in different regions. Thus, in North America, protected areas were about safeguarding dramatic and sublime scenery; in Africa, the concern was with game parks; in Europe, landscape protection was more common.
How much of the world's land and seas are interconnected?
Scientists advocate that 50% of global land and seas be converted to inter-connected protected areas to sustain these benefits. The Asian country Bhutan achieved this high-reaching target by reserving 51.4% of the country's area as protected areas interconnected through biological corridors.
What was protected area in the 17th century?
In the 17th and 18th centuries, protected areas were mostly hunting grounds of rulers and thus, on the one hand, an expression of the absolute personal authority of a monarch, and on the other hand, they were concentrated in certain places and diminished with increasing spatial distance from the seat of power.
How much of the world's forest is protected?
Rainforests: 18.8% of the world's forest is covered by protected areas and sixteen of the twenty forest types have 10% or more protected area coverage. Of the 670 ecoregions with forest cover, 54% have 10% or more of their forest cover protected under IUCN Categories I – VI.
How to give specific users permission to edit ranges in a protected worksheet?
To give specific users permission to edit ranges in a protected worksheet, your computer must be running Microsoft Windows XP or later, and your computer must be in a domain. Instead of using permissions that require a domain, you can also specify a password for a range. Select the worksheet that you want to protect.
Can you remove autofilters from protected worksheet?
Users cannot apply or remove AutoFilters on a protected worksheet, regardless of this setting.
Can you lock all cells in a protected worksheet?
Lock or unlock specific areas of a protected worksheet. More... By default, protecting a worksheet locks all cells so none of them are editable. To enable some cell editing, while leaving other cells locked, it's possible to unlock all the cells.
When was the integrated protected areas system formulated?
To attain this goal, the integrated protected areas system was formulated (Philippine Government, 1989 ). This advocacy received funding from different international organizations and later on, a bill regarding protected areas was presented to the Congress in 1991. In 1992, this bill was signed into law by President Aquino as the NIPAS Act.
What are the challenges of the NIPAS Act?
Since its enactment twenty years ago, the NIPAS Act has faced several issues and challenges such as the overlapping of policies with other existing environmental laws and lack of sufficient funds for the development and maintenance of protected areas.
What is a management plan?
According to Sec.9, management plans are devised as a planning strategy that shall serve as a guideline for promoting the adoption and implementation of innovative management techniques necessary for governing each protected area.
Who reviewed the NIPAS Act?
To date, an in-depth review of the NIPAS Act was done by DENR in partnership with GIZ and Siliman University in order to make recommendations for further improving the effectiveness of managing the protected areas.
What is the continuing existence of South African National Parks?
Continued existence. (1) South African National Parks established by section 5 of the National Parks Act, 1976 (Act 57 of 1976), continues to exist as a juristic person despite the repeal of that Act by section 90 of this Act.
What is the meaning of section 46?
46. Access to national park, nature reserve and world heritage site. (1) Despite any other legislation, no person may without the written permission of the management authority of a national park, nature reserve or world heritage site enter or reside in the park, reserve or site. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to—.
What is the object of a management plan?
Management plans. (1) The object of a management plan is to ensure the protection, conservation and management of the protected area concerned in a manner which is consistent with the objectives of this Act and for the purpose it was declared. (2) A management plan must contain at least—.
What is a conflict with other legislation?
Conflicts with other legislation. (1) In the event of any conflict between a section of this Act and—. (a) other national legislation, the section of this Act prevails if the conflict specifically concerns the management or development of protected areas;
Who initiates a declaration of private land?
(1) The declaration of private land as a special nature reserve, national park, nature reserve or protected environment, or as part thereof, may be initiated either by the Minister or the MEC or the owners of that land acting individually or collectively.
What is the National Parks Land Acquisition Fund?
The National Parks Land Acquisition Fund established by section 12A of the National Parks Act, 1976 (Act 57 of 1976), continues to exist as a separate fund under the administration of South African National Parks despite the repeal of that Act by section 90 of this Act.
Overview
By area
The National Heritage List is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003. The list includes natural and historic places, including those of cultural significance to Indigenous Australians. Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) are formed by agreement with Indigenous Australians, and declared by Indigenou…
Definition
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorisation guidelines for protected areas. The definition is as follows:
A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem ser…
Protection of natural resources
The objective of protected areas is to conserve biodiversity and to provide a way for measuring the progress of such conservation. Protected areas will usually encompass several other zones that have been deemed important for particular conservation uses, such as Important Bird Areas (IBA) and Endemic Bird Areas (EBA), Centres of Plant Diversity (CPD), Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCA), Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites (AZE) and Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) …
Protection of ecosystem services
Along with providing important stocks of natural resources, protected areas are often major sources of vital ecosystem services, unbeknownst to human society. Although biodiversity is usually the main reason for constructing protected areas, the protection of biodiversity also protects the ecosystem services society enjoys. Some ecosystem services include those that provide and regulate resources, support natural processes, or represent culture. Provisioning ser…
IUCN Protected Area Management Categories
Through its World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), the IUCN has developed six Protected Area Management Categories that define protected areas according to their management objectives, which are internationally recognised by various national governments and the United Nations. The categories provide international standards for defining protected areas and en…
History
Protected areas are cultural artifacts, and their story is entwined with that of human civilization. Protecting places and natural resources is by no means a modern concept, whether it be indigenous communities guarding sacred sites or the convention of European hunting reserves. Over 2000 years ago, royal decrees in India protected certain areas. In Europe, rich and powerful people pr…
Convention on Biological Diversity
In 1992, a protected area was defined in paragraph 2 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as "a geographically defined area which is designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives." Under Article 8 of the CBD, parties who entered the treaty agreed to, among other things, "establish a system of protected areas." In 2004, the CBD’s Conference of the Parties (COP) adopted the Program of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA) to f…
Lock only specific cells and ranges in a protected worksheet
- Follow these steps:
1.If the worksheet is protected, do the following: - 2.On the Review tab, click Unprotect Sheet (in the Changes group).
Click the Protect Sheet button to Unprotect Sheet when a worksheet is protected.
Unlock ranges on a protected worksheet for users to edit
- To give specific users permission to edit ranges in a protected worksheet, your computer must …
1.Select the worksheet that you want to protect. - 2.On the Review tab, in the Changes group, click Allow Users to Edit Ranges.
This command is available only when the worksheet is not protected.
Need more help?
- You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers comm…
Protect a workbook