Introduction to clinical features of normal gingiva
- Color. The color of the normal gingiva is pale or coral pink. There are four factors that determine the color of the...
- Surface texture. As already stated, the surface of the attached gingiva is stippled, demonstrating an ‘orange peel...
- Contour. The normal contour of the gingiva is scalloped with knife-edge gingival...
What is healthy gingiva?
Healthy gingiva is described as ‘ salmon’ or ‘coral pink’. It may be pigmented, which reflects the ethnic origin of the subject. The gingiva is firm in consistency and firmly attached to the underlying alveolar bone. The surface of gingiva is keratinised and may exhibit an orange peel appearance, called ‘stippling’.
What does gingiva look like?
The gingiva is firm in consistency and firmly attached to the underlying alveolar bone. The surface of gingiva is keratinised and may exhibit an orange peel appearance, called ‘stippling’. The width of attached gingiva can vary dramatically between patients and within an individual's mouth, from as little as 1 mm to over 10 mm.
What are the symptoms of gingivitis?
While in gingivitis, unhealthy gums are red, soft, and easily bleed when brushing or flossing. Besides, they can look and feel puffy and tender to touch. Over time, gums with gingivitis begin to bull pack from teeth (receding gums).
How do you check the consistency of the gingiva?
The gingiva is palpated with a blunt instrument to check for its consistency. The gingival connective tissue is composed of collagen fibers and is firmly bound to the underlying mucoperiosteum, giving it a firm and resilient consistency. During gingival inflammation, the gingival consistency becomes soft and edematous.
Which of the following are characteristics of gums?
They have gelling characteristics, thickening, moisture retention, emulsification and stabilization.
What is the normal shape of gingiva?
Healthy gingiva has a smooth arcuate or scalloped appearance around each tooth. Healthy gingiva fills and fits each interdental space, unlike the swollen gingiva papilla seen in gingivitis or the empty interdental embrasure seen in periodontal disease.
Is healthy gingiva shiny?
Puffy areas can be evidence of gingivitis and inflammation. Texture– Healthy gum tissue, when dry, has a dimpled texture, similar to an orange peel. Areas of smooth and shiny tissue may indicate inflammation and swollen gums. Contour– The way your gum contours around your tooth is an indicator of healthy gums.
What is the color of normal gingiva?
What color is the human gingiva? It is frequently described as “coral pink” and is dependent upon the thickness of epithelium, the degree of keratinization, the magnitude of pigmentation, and the underlying vascularization1.
What are the types of gingiva?
There are two types of gingiva and several important anatomic regions.Alveolar mucosa – The area of tissue beyond the mucogingival junction. ... Attached gingiva – This tissue is adjacent to the free gingiva and is keratinized and firmly attached to the bone structure.More items...
How do you check the consistency of a gingiva?
Healthy gingiva is of a firm consistency upon palpation. The surface texture of the attached gingiva bears multiple small depressions. This characteristic is termed stippling and is similar to the peel of an orange. Stippling is best viewed by drying the gingiva (Newman et al.
How do you get healthy gums?
Here are a few ways you can help keep your gums healthy.Floss. Floss at least once a day. ... Get regular dental cleanings. Your dentist can detect early gum disease symptoms if you see them on a regular basis. ... Quit smoking. ... Brush twice a day. ... Use fluoride toothpaste. ... Use a therapeutic mouthwash.
What do gingivitis look like?
Gingivitis can cause dusky red, swollen, tender gums that bleed easily, especially when you brush your teeth. Healthy gums are firm and pale pink and fitted tightly around the teeth. Signs and symptoms of gingivitis include: Swollen or puffy gums.
Why are my gums shiny?
When gums are inflamed, they can be red, shiny and puffy, and may bleed during brushing or flossing. Fortunately, good oral hygiene and regular cleanings at your dentist's office can turn early gum disease around.
What should healthy gums look like?
Healthy gums should look pink and firm, not red and swollen. To keep gums healthy, practice good oral hygiene. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, floss at least once a day, rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash once or twice a day, see your dentist regularly, and avoid smoking or chewing tobacco.
Are healthy gums white?
Healthy gums are normally pink in color. Sometimes they can be red from poor oral hygiene. White gums, on the other hand, can be a symptom of an underlying health problem. A variety of conditions can lead to white gums, some potentially serious.
Which term is commonly used to describe healthy gingival tissue quizlet?
What is a healthy consistency of gingival tissue? Smooth and firm fee gingiva. Well-stippled attached gingiva.
What are the 2 signs of healthy gingiva?
Healthy gums should look pink and firm, not red and swollen. To keep gums healthy, practice good oral hygiene. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, floss at least once a day, rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash once or twice a day, see your dentist regularly, and avoid smoking or chewing tobacco.
What are the 2 types of gingiva?
There are two types of gingivae that are clearly recognizable and they are known as the marginal gingiva that is mobile, and the attached gingiva.
Why gingiva is scalloped?
Thin gingival tissue is associated with a thin band of the keratinized tissue, scalloped gingival contour suggestive of thin bony architecture and is more sensitive to inflammation and trauma.
What is the contour of gingiva?
Gingival contour refers to the thickness and shape of the margins of the gingiva to the crown of the tooth. Ideal gingival contour is characterized by sharp interdental papillae and equally tapered gingival margins at the cervical margin of the teeth.
What Do Healthy Gums Look Like?
It is essential to know what healthy gums should look like to assess your gums’ current status. According to Bright Dental Group clinic, here are some characteristics of healthy gums that you can quickly confirm.
How do you know if your gums are healthy?
You can know your gum health by touching it using your fingers. Healthy gums have a firm sensation and fit tightly around your teeth. When you press down your fingertips on your gum line, healthy gums will not move around and feel compact. Unhealthy gums, on the other side, appear inflamed and feel soft to the touch.
How to maintain oral health?
The best way to maintain your oral health is to have frequent dental check-ups with your dental provider. Having your teeth and gums checked every once in a while will help you detect and treat early signs of gum problems or any oral concerns. There are also unnoticeable problems that only your dentist can identify.
Why do we have to have healthy gums?
We become more sensitive about minor things we encounter, and our immune system will function weakly. In its worst case, we can develop autoimmune disorders that attack healthy cells. This situation places us at a higher risk of acquiring infections and encourages other bacteria to enter our system.
What does it mean when your gums are black?
In contrast, gums that appear in bright red, pale white, or unnaturally black are an indication of unhealthy gums. If you happen to have an unusual gum color, it is best to have it checked by a dental professional. Texture. You can know your gum health by touching it using your fingers.
What is the most important part of oral health?
Perhaps the most crucial yet neglected aspect among the various parts of our oral health is our gums. Our gums surround and protect our teeth which serve as our barrier against infections.
How to prevent gum inflammation?
Include more vitamins into your diet. Vitamins, particularly ascorbic acid, play a vital role in repairing, preventing, and reducing your gum tissues’ inflammation .
What color is gum?
1. The color of a normal gum can vary, but it is usually in coral pink or a darker shade of pink.
What are the signs of gum disease?
There are lots of signs and symptoms associated with unhealthy gum tissues. These may even be indications of early or advanced phases of gum disease: - Bad breath. - Red or darker in color. - Inflamed or tender gums. - Gums recede from the teeth. - Pus comes out when pressing against the gums. - Loose permanent teeth.
How to keep your gums healthy?
Keep your gums healthy by brushing and flossing gently. Use a fluoride toothpaste and a gentle anti-bacterial mouthwash. Pay a regular visit to your dentist near Indianapolis area twice a year for checkups and cleaning.
What Causes Unhealthy Gums?
Bacterial plaque is the main cause of gum (periodontal) disease or gingivitis, according to AAPD (American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry). Your gum tissue’s normal response to bacterial plaque is inflammation. Inflammation develops when a huge amount of plaque builds up against the gum line.
What is healthy gingiva?
Healthy gingiva is described as ‘ salmon’ or ‘coral pink’. It may be pigmented, which reflects the ethnic origin of the subject. The gingiva is firm in consistency and firmly attached to the underlying alveolar bone. The surface of gingiva is keratinised and may exhibit an orange peel appearance, called ‘stippling’.
Where does the gingiva go?
The gingiva extends from the alveolar crest and interdental bony septa to the mucogingival junction.1 The transition from the gingiva to the alveolar mucosa at the mucogingival junction is marked by a change in color and tissue mobility.
What is the gingival epithelium?
The gingival epithelium may be divided into the oral epithelium covering the external surface of the gingiva, the crevicular epithelium lining the gingival crevice, and the non- keratinised junctional ...
What is the gingival margin?
Figure 2.12 shows healthy gingiva. The free gingival margin covers the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the gingival papillae fill the embrasures. A shallow linear depression, the gingival groove, can be observed in some areas, distinguishing the free gingival margin from the attached gingiva. Microscopically, gingiva consists of stratified squamous epithelium supported by a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue ( Box 2.4 ). The gingival epithelium may be divided into the oral epithelium covering the external surface of the gingiva, the crevicular epithelium lining the gingival crevice, and the non- keratinised junctional epithelium ( Fig. 2.13 ). The crevicular epithelium resembles the oral gingiva coronally and the junctional epithelium apically. The degree of keratinisation varies, therefore, according to relationship to the tooth. Underneath the gingiva is the dense gingival connective tissue.
How thick is gingival carcinoma?
The gingiva is typically 1 to 3 mm in thickness; because of the bone proximity and lack of anatomic barriers, even small gingival carcinomas can demonstrate bone invasion at the time of initial evaluation. There is cortical invasion in approximately one third of patients and cancellous invasion in 12% of patients with a gingival carcinoma. 6,10 Bone invasion may be difficult to assess on clinical examination owing to the firm attachment of the lamina propria to the underlying bone. Perineural invasion may manifest as facial pain or paresthesias of the inferior alveolar nerve and mental nerve distribution. A retrospective study of 155 previously untreated patients with mandibular gingiva carcinoma demonstrated that clinically evident cervical lymphadenopathy can be found in 18.7% at initial presentation. Also, 15% of patients with clinically negative neck examinations had occult nodal metastases, providing a total rate of cervical metastases of 25% in patients with mandibular gingival carcinomas. 14
What is the portion of the oral mucosa covering the alveolar bone ridge surrounding the tooth?
The gingiva (gum) is the portion of oral mucosa covering the alveolar bone ridge surrounding the tooth
How to tell if a periodontal probe is thin?
The clinician can use several observations to confirm the presence of thin tissue. If the tissue is glossy and lacks stippling, it is usually thin. If the tissue is red and mobile, it is usually thin. If you can see a periodontal probe through the overlying gingiva, it is usually thin.
What Makes Healthy Gums Turn to Gingivitis?
Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gum tissues (gingiva). It commonly occurs due to the accumulation of plaque on gums and teeth. Dental plaque is a sticky, colorless film of bacteria, which decompose carbohydrates in food and produce acids as a result. Plaque irritates the healthy gums, causing gingivitis. Plaque can be easily removed by tooth brushing and flossing.
How to prevent gingivitis?
Some simple oral hygiene practices will keep your gums healthy and prevent gingivitis. Regular tooth brushing: brush your teeth at least twice daily to remove plaque and food debris from teeth surfaces. Regular flossing: floss your teeth at least once per day to remove plaque and food debris from between teeth.
How to prevent recurrence of gingivitis?
After professional teeth cleaning, you should follow these instructions at home to prevent the recurrence of gingivitis and keep your gums healthy. Brush at least twice daily to remove dental plaque. Floss at least once daily to remove plaque from between teeth. Rinse your mouth regularly with an antiseptic mouth rinse.
What does healthy mouth mean?
A healthy mouth doesn’t only mean a caries-free mouth. It also means healthy gums. Do you know the difference between gingivitis vs healthy gums? Gums are soft tissues that cover the jawbone and seal around teeth to prevent bacteria from growing in these places. Also, Teeth surrounded by healthy gums can give you a beautiful smile, make you look good, and boost your self-confidence. The inflammation of gums (gingivitis) commonly occurs due to the buildup of plaque bacteria along the gum line, which irritates healthy gums.
Why do my gums turn pink?
The inflammation of gums (gingivitis) commonly occurs due to the buildup of plaque bacteria along the gum line, which irritates healthy gums. The healthy gums are pink and fit tightly around teeth. Changes in the color of healthy gums to red or purple can be a sign of gingivitis. Other signs and symptoms of gingivitis include gum bleeding ...
What causes gingivitis in the mouth?
Other Causes and Risk Factors. Several factors can irritate healthy gums, causing gingivitis. These factors include: Smoking: Smoking reduces the production of saliva, causing dry mouth, which increases the risk of gingivitis and cavities.
How to prevent gum disease?
Eat a healthy balanced diet: avoid foods high in sugar because it increases the risk of gingivitis and cavities. Eat vegetables and fruits (vitamin-C) to keep your gum health.
Where is the gingiva located?
Gingiva. The gingiva is the anatomical term for gums. These are found in the oral cavity or mouth of a human being surrounding part of the teeth. They consist of mucosal tissue that covers the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible and finish at the neck of each tooth. This article will highlight the two main types of gingiva, ...
How many millimeters is the margin of the gingiva?
Marginal gingiva. The marginal gingiva is a 1.5 mm strip of gingival tissue which surrounds the neck of the tooth and is known as such due to the fact that the inner wall forms the gingival wall of the sulcus. This means that when a probe is placed at the gingival margin in a healthy mouth, it can be inserted up to three millimeters into ...
What is the epithelium of the gingival sulcus?
The gingival epithelium encompasses the external surface of the gingiva including the mobile and fixed areas as well as the gingival sulcus and the junctional epithelium. It is divided up into three major sections known as the: oral epithelium. the sulcular epithelium. the junctional epithelium.
What is the attachment of the gingiva?
Attached gingiva. The attached gingiva is the gingival tissue which lies between the mobile gingiva and the alveolar gingiva. It is four to five millimeters in width and is irremovable from the underlying structures without causing damage.
What is the oral epithelium?
The oral epithelium is comprised of stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium and covers the oral and vestibular gingival surfaces. It is limited by the mucogingival junction and the gingival margin and also merges with the palatal epithelium at the borders of the palate.
How to avoid gingivitis?
The best way to avoid gingivitis is to adhere to a regular oral hygiene routine that will limit the extent in which bacteria can collect in the gingival pockets. Those who have already been diagnosed with moderate to severe gingivitis, professional cleaning and regular monitoring of patients progress is the regular protocol.
What is the tissue that covers the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible and finishes at the?
They consist of mucosal tissue that covers the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible and finish at the neck of each tooth.
How to keep your gums healthy?
Follow a regular oral care routine of brushing your teeth at least twice a day and flossing once a day to maintain healthy gums. Some dentists may recommend an antibacterial rinse or mouthwash to help preserve healthy gums after you are treated for gum disease.
What are the symptoms of periodontitis?
During the early stages of periodontitis, symptoms include noticeably receding gum and pockets between gums and teeth.
What is a gum stimulator?
Gum Stimulator: Available at most drug stores, a gum stimulator can help you keep clean and healthy gums. This simple device features a rubber tip that is used to gently clean and stimulate gums for good circulation and to help prevent gum disease.
What is the best way to clean your gums?
Dental Floss: Flossing may be one of the most important things you can do to help prevent gum problems and maintain healthy gums. There are also types of soft floss that make flossing easier, so people with sensitive gums can have healthy gums. Another option: interdental devices such as dental picks and flossers can be used to clean between the teeth and promote healthy gums.
Why is it important to maintain a healthy mouth?
Because a healthy mouth starts at the gums, maintaining an oral health routine focused on the health of your gums in crucial to the overall health of your mouth. When you have healthy gums, your teeth are well-supported by the tissue in your gums and your chances for long-term oral health are significantly increased. If you don’t maintain healthy gums, you are more likely to have gum disease, which can progress to a number of problems with your teeth and oral health. And as we talked about above, other long-term, chronic health conditions can be associated with periodontitis, a serious form of gum disease.
Is gum disease related to heart disease?
Numerous research studies suggest an association between periodontitis and other more serious chronic health conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. In fact, there are now several studies that suggest an association between advanced gum disease and heart disease or stroke.
Does mouthwash help with gum disease?
Mouthwash: Using an anti-gingivitis mouthwash as part of your oral care routine can help kill the bacteria that cause plaque to maintain a healthy gums and teeth . And mouthwashes may offer you additional benefits like whitening, enamel protection, or cavity protection.
