.JPG)
The Hovercraft composed of 1) tube axial fan 2) body structure 3) engine 4) wooded-tray 5) electrical system 6) drive system. Hovercraft can move on land and on water continuously without stopping or switching system driven.
What is a hovercraft made of?
A hovercraft is composed of a hull that can float in water and is carried on a cushion of air retained by a flexible 'skirt'. The hull is typically made of aluminium, fiberglass or plastic or a combination of them. The hovercraft skirt is made from a flexible waterproof material such as neoprene-coated nylon.
What makes a hovercraft work?
A hovercraft has what's called a skirt to contain the air. When the air blower is turned on, this skirt creates a pocket that traps the pressurized air. That pressurized air is what gives the lift to make a hovercraft work.
What makes a hovercraft hover?
Hovercraft use blowers to produce a large volume of air below the hull, or air cushion, that is slightly above atmospheric pressure. The pressure difference between the higher pressure air below the hull and lower pressure ambient air above it produces lift, which causes the hull to float above the running surface.
What is the bottom of a hovercraft called?
Surrounding the base of the ACV is a flexible skirt, also called the curtain, which traps the air currents, keeping them underneath the hovercraft. The trapped air currents can create an air cushion on any smooth surface, land or water!
What causes a hovercraft to float?
A hovercraft uses an imbalance of air pressure to make itself float above a surface. It takes air and shoots it under the bottom of itself, kind of like a windy day. With this fast-moving air hitting the ground, it creates a more significant amount of pressure around it.
How does a hovercraft move forward?
Hovercrafts move by riding on cushions of air. The air cushion is created by fans in the rear of the vehicle. A “skirt” underneath the hovercraft traps the air, causing the hovercraft to rise. Fans (and an engine) push the vehicle forward.
How does a hovercraft work simple?
Hovercraft are one part boat, one part airplane and one part helicopter. It traps a cushion of air underneath itself and then floats along on top of it. This air cushion holds it high above waves and land obstructions, meaning it can travel on land or water.
Do hovercrafts touch the water?
Because a hovercraft is riding on a cushion of air (the entire craft rides 300mm above the surface) and has no direct surface contact it can travel over any type of reasonably level surface – including water, land, marsh, mud, grass, etc.
How can you make your hovercraft go faster and lift heavier weights?
The four hypotheses tested included 1) surface roughness slows a hovercraft's speed; 2) the larger the skirt, the faster the hovercraft will go; 3) the more weight applied onto the hovercraft, the faster it will go; 4) the more powerful the blower, the faster the hovercraft will go.
Why are hovercrafts no longer used?
For the amount of fuel they take and the maintenance costs, combined with a lack of common comforts to the mode of travel, it just isn't a feasible method of transportation in a majority of instances. And so the dream of travel by hovercraft, sadly, just could not remain afloat.
What fuel does a hovercraft use?
Hovertrek 4100L hovercraft specifications:payloadto start with water - no more than 4 people or 450 kg, the maximum - 520 kg overload on ice - 7 people or 650 kgfuel consumption15-25 l / hfuel typehigh quality unleaded gasoline A-92, the fuel mixture: gasoline and two-stroke oil 45: 111 more rows
How much weight can a hovercraft carry?
Hovercraft are frequently used as transporters for military purposes for the U.S. Marines and Navy. These large hovercraft can carry 60-65 tons, enabling them to transport troops, military supplies, or even tanks.
What force does a hovercraft use?
The action force of the air released from the balloon creates a reaction force lifting the hovercraft. Pushing on the hovercraft to cause it to move along the tabletop is also an example of action and reaction.
What are the forces acting on a hovercraft when it is at rest?
Explanation: 1- At rest, the downward force of he weight is equal to the upward force. The normal force of the table exerts on the hover cart.
How does a hovercraft work science project?
The hovercraft creates vents or currents of slow-moving, low-pressure air that are pushed downward against the surface below the hovercraft. Modern ACVs often have propellers on top that create the air currents. These currents are pushed beneath the vehicle with the use of fans.
How can you make your hovercraft go faster and lift heavier weights?
The four hypotheses tested included 1) surface roughness slows a hovercraft's speed; 2) the larger the skirt, the faster the hovercraft will go; 3) the more weight applied onto the hovercraft, the faster it will go; 4) the more powerful the blower, the faster the hovercraft will go.
What is a hovercraft?
A hovercraft is generally divided into the sidewall and cushion. Cushion hovercraft has been applied for development in Dagang oil field in China; therefore, the principles of work presented here is mainly focused on cushion hovercraft.
How much power does a hovercraft need?
The ratio of power required for propulsion to that for hovering is between 5:1 and 10:1 . These vessels are designed for high speed. They are generally used in applications such as commercial passenger ferries or landing craft where the vessel spends most of its time at maximum speed. The key power plant criteria in order of importance are:
What is the difference between a hovercraft and a ship?
The biggest difference between all hovercrafts and ships is that there is a pad lifting system in this hovercraft which enables the boat to go out of the water (or onto ground) and is composed of pad blower, aprons, and airway. Cushion hovercraft are equipped with one or more fans, around which there is a circle of flexible apron made ...
How does a flexible skirt hovercraft work?
The first is where air is pumped into a large plenum chamber from the top of the craft and then exhausts back into the atmosphere between the base of the skirt and the ground: whether this be land or water.
Why is a hovercraft considered an amphibious craft?
Truly amphibious craft result. Because the hovercraft is above the water it has a low lateral resistance to disturbance by wind. If it is driven by air propellers they may have to be vectorable to control the positioning in wind and the stability in manoeuvre has to be the subject of study much like that of an aircraft.
How do surface effect ships work?
The earliest form of surface effect ship (SES) was the hovercraft in which the craft was lifted completely clear of the water on an air cushion, created by blowing air into a space under the craft and contained by a skirt. For these craft propulsion is by airscrew or jet engines. In some later craft, rigid sidewalls remain partially immersed when the craft is raised on its cushion and the skirt is only needed at the ends. The sidewalls mean that the craft is not amphibious and cannot negotiate very shallow water. They do, however, improve directional stability and handling characteristics in winds. They limit the leakage of air from the cushion reducing the lift power needed and they enable more efficient water propellers or waterjets to be used for propulsion. The sidewalls may provide sufficient buoyancy to keep the cross structure clear of the water when at rest with zero cushion pressure.
What is the purpose of a hovercraft fan?
Hovercraft use a fan to maintain pressure under side skirts to hover above the water surface and air propellers to provide thrust for propulsion.
What is a hovercraft?
One part boat, one part airplane, and one part helicopter a hovercraft is a vehicle that traps a cushion of air underneath itself and then floats along on top of it. The air cushion holds it high above waves and land obstructions, making the craft superbly amphibious (equally capable of traveling on land or water or gliding smoothly from one to the other). That's why military hovercraft, designed for swift beach landings, are often called LCACs (Landing Craft Air Cushion).
How does a hovercraft work?
The basic mechanism of a hovercraft is very simple: there's an engine ( diesel or gasoline) that powers both a large central fan, pointing downward, and one or more other fans pointing backward. The central fan creates the lift that holds the craft above the wa ves; the other fans propel the craft backward , forward, or to the side.
Who invented the hovercraft?
The basic idea behind the hovercraft can be traced back at least to the early 18th century: in 1716, Swedish philosopher Emmanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772) conceived a kind of overturned rowing boat in which each stroke of the oars pumped air under the hull, floating it happily over the waves. Unfortunately, it soon became obvious to Swedenborg that generating an air cushion by human muscle power wasn't going to work, so the craft was never built. In the 1870s, British marine engineer Sir John Thornycroft (1843–1928) figured out that a boat that could make an air cushion and carry it underneath itself would be able to avoid the problem of dragging its hull through the water. But his experiments to generate the cushion simply by pumping air with bellows were unsuccessful: technology was not on his side. [1]
Why are hovercraft not used everywhere?
But if hovercraft are so wonderful, why aren't they used everywhere? They're expensive initially and, though cheaper than helicopters, considerably more costly to maintain than ships and boats of similar cargo capacity (because they're essentially aircraft, not boats, and mechanically more complex). Although hovercraft successfully carried tens of millions of people between Britain and France for just over 30 years, they eventually stopped operating following the opening of the Channel Tunnel and the arrival of low-cost ferry ships and fast, wave-piercing catamarans. Hovercraft are also fairly tricky to pilot: more like helicopters, in this respect, than simple-to-operate boats. They're very noisy too, which can be a problem both for passengers and people living near the ports where they operate, and is certainly a drawback for "covert" military operations.
How fast can a hovercraft go?
Where boats are slowed by hulls that drag deep in the water, hovercraft ride fully clear, which means they use less fuel and can reach blistering speeds of up to 145kph (90mph).
Which is more efficient, a bigger hovercraft or a smaller hovercraft?
it follows that a bigger hovercraft (one with a bigger overall area) can carry more weight than a smaller hovercraft with a fan the same size. Moreover, as Christopher Cockerell, the inventor of the hovercraft, quickly discovered, bigger hovercraft are more efficient than smaller ones:
What is a peripheral jet?
This type of design is called a peripheral jet and its big advantage over an open plenum is that the fan needs to move much less air (or, to put it another way, it can create more lift with less power). Unfortunately, it still only produces a relatively modest hover height unless the fan is extremely powerful.
What is the only thing that touches the ground on a hovercraft?
On a hovercraft the only thing that touches the ground is the skirt. The skirt is the part of the hovercraft that holds air to lift the craft. Like in the second picture my hovercraft has two engines, one for lift and one for thrust. The lift engine pushes air under the craft and the skirt holds the air in.
How does a hovercraft lift?
The lift engine pushes air under the craft and the skirt holds the air in. As more air is pushed under the craft pressure builds up and lifts the hovercraft off the ground. This is how a hovercraft hovers, the only thing in between the base of the craft and the ground is air.
What is the air blower on a hovercraft?
The basic components of the hovercraft used in UW-Madison’s Wonders of Physics program are an air blower that blows air underneath the board or platform, an air-tight fabric on the back side with a few holes around it and a plastic disc in the center to hold it together.
What is a hovercraft skirt?
A hovercraft has what’s called a skirt to contain the air. When the air blower is turned on, this skirt creates a pocket that traps the pressurized air. That pressurized air is what gives the lift to make a hovercraft work.
How much force does a hoverboard exert?
On each square inch of the hoverboard, the air molecules collectively are exerting a force of almost the weight of a bowling ball, about 14.7 pounds per square inch.
