What are the elements of motivational interviewing?
- Express empathy through reflective listening.
- Develop discrepancy between clients' goals or values and their current behavior.
- Avoid argument and direct confrontation.
- Adjust to client resistance rather than opposing it directly.
- Support self-efficacy and optimism.
What are the six components of motivational interviewing?
What are the basics of motivational interviewing?
- Express and Show Empathy Toward Clients. Counselors or psychologists express and demonstrate empathy when discussing behaviors, thoughts and life events that clients regularly engage in.
- Support and Develop Discrepancy. ...
- Deal with Resistance. ...
- Support Self-Efficacy. ...
- Developing Autonomy. ...
What are the main components of motivational interviewing?
The Four Processes of Motivational Interviewing:
- Engaging: The process of establishing a helpful connection and working relationship.
- Focusing: The process by which we develop and maintain a specific direction in the conversation about change.
- Evoking: Involves eliciting the client’s own motivations about change.
What is Motivational Interviewing (MI) and how does it work?
The Motivational Interviewing approach is designed to address ambivalence and help increase a person’s motivation to change unhelpful or harmful behaviors, such as substance abuse. What Is Motivational Interviewing (MI)? Finding the motivation to become sober and quit drinking is incredibly challenging.
What are the key elements of motivation?
- Direction – this defines the effort that is put in towards a particular goal or objective
- Intensity – this defines the amount of effort a person puts in for a particular activity
- Persistence – this defines how long a person can continue to put in the same amount of effort to reach the objective
What are the key elements to motivational interviewing?
Motivational interviewing is a counselling method that involves enhancing a patient's motivation to change by means of four guiding principles, represented by the acronym RULE: Resist the righting reflex; Understand the patient's own motivations; Listen with empathy; and Empower the patient.
What are the 4 elements of the spirit of motivational interviewing?
The spirit of MI is based on four key elements:Collaboration between the practitioner and the client;Evoking or drawing out the client's ideas about change;Emphasizing the autonomy of the client.Practicing compassion in the process.
What are the 5 principles of motivational interviewing?
5 main motivational interviewing styles are the following: expressing empathy, avoiding argumentation, rolling with resistance, developing discrepancy, and sup- porting self-efficacy.
What are the 4 main principles of motivational interviewing?
Principle 1: Express Empathy.Principle 2: Develop Discrepancy.Principle 3: Roll with Resistance.Principle 4: Support Self-efficacy.
What are the elements of MI?
The spirit of MI is based on three key elements: collaboration between the therapist and the client; evoking or drawing out the client's ideas about change; and emphasizing the autonomy of the client.
What are the four steps in MI?
The four steps of the MI process are engage, focus, evoke, and plan.
What are the foundational elements and values of motivational interviewing?
The MI practitioner takes a nonjudgmental stance, seeks to understand the person's perspectives and experiences, expresses empathy, highlights strengths, and respects a person's right to make informed choices about changing or not changing.
What are the 4 general principles of motivational interviewing RCN 2019 )?
R - resist the urge to change the individual's course of action through didactic means. U - understand it's the individual's reasons for change, not those of the practitioner, that will elicit a change in behaviour. L - listening is important; the solutions lie within the individual, not the practitioner.
How to support self efficacy?
Support Self-Efficacy. Self-efficacy is a person's belief or confidence in their ability to perform a target behavior. 2 A counselor following the motivational interviewing approach supports their client's self-efficacy by reinforcing their power to make the changes they want.
What is reflection in therapy?
Reflection is a foundational skill of motivational interviewing and how therapists express empathy.
What is motivational interviewing?
Motivational interviewing is a counseling approach designed to help people find the motivation to make a positive behavior change. This client-centered approach is particularly effective for people who have mixed feelings about changing their behavior.
What is the spirit of a therapist?
According to Miller and Rollnick, the "spirit" is collaborative, evocative, and honors client autonomy. 1. In order for motivational interviewing to be effective, the therapist must maintain this overall "spirit.".
What is collaboration instead of confrontation?
Collaboration Instead of Confrontation. Collaboration is a partnership formed between the counselor and the client. In motivational interviewing, this relationship is based on the point of view and experiences of the client.
Why are people reluctant to go to therapy?
People may initially be reluctant to go to therapy for fear of being judged by their therapist. Some may even feel guilty about their negative behavior, making that judgment valid in their eyes. But judgment is not what motivational interviewing is about.
What is the concept of a counselor drawing out a client's ideas rather than imposing their own opinions?
The notion of the counselor drawing out a client's ideas rather than imposing their own opinions is based on the belief that motivation to change comes from within. As such, it cannot come from the counselor.
What is motivational interviewing?
Summary. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is often recommended as an evidence-based approach to behavior change. However, definitions of MI vary widely, including out of date and inaccurate understandings.
What is MI in psychology?
MI is a collaborative process. The MI practitioner is an expert in helping people change; people are the experts of their own lives .#N#Evocation. People have within themselves resources and skills needed for change. MI draws out the person’s priorities, values, and wisdom to explore reasons for change and support success.#N#Acceptance. The MI practitioner takes a nonjudgmental stance, seeks to understand the person’s perspectives and experiences, expresses empathy, highlights strengths, and respects a person’s right to make informed choices about changing or not changing.#N#Compassion. The MI practitioner actively promotes and prioritizes clients’ welfare and wellbeing in a selfless manner.
What is reflection in MI?
Reflections are based on careful listening and trying to understand what the person is saying, by repeating, rephrasing or offering a deeper guess about what the person is trying to communicate. This is a foundational skill of MI and how we express empathy.
What is the difference between Ambivalence and Desire?
Confidence is low and people doubt their abilities to change. Desire is low and people are uncertain about whether they want to make a change. Importance is low and the benefits of change and disadvantages of the current situation are unclear.
What is motivational interviewing?
According to its founders William Miller and Stephen Rollnick, motivational interviewing is a collaborative, person-centered form of guiding to elicit and strengthen motivation to change in a counseling setting. By steering conversations with patients in a certain way, motivational interviewing aims to help the person to realize his ...
What is the acronym for client centered skills?
Engaging also involves four client-centered skills that are abbreviated by the acronym OARS . OARS involves asking open questions, affirming clients’ strengths, reflecting to clients what they may wish to express but have not yet spoken aloud and summarizing what has occurred in the therapeutic interaction. 2. Focusing.
Why are open ended questions useful?
Open-ended questions are a useful tool for evoking this sort of talk and better understanding the client’s relationship and attitudes toward change. Asking for clients to share examples or elaborations on their responses to your open-ended questions about change is another good way to gather information.
What is the purpose of evoking?
Evoking. Once a focus has been identified and is mutually agreed upon, evoking involves discovering the client’s personal interest in and motivation to change. Being able to recognize when clients say something that suggests they may be willing or ready to move toward change is an important part of the evoking process.
What are the qualities of mutual respect?
Qualities like empathy, acceptance, a focus on client strengths and mutual respect create the foundation for such an alliance. Mutual respect is made possible in part by the establishment of a quality of collaboration between the counselor and patient so that the client-centered approach is not stymied by power dynamics.
Is motivational interviewing psychotherapy?
Motivational interviewing (MI) is not in itself a psychotherapeutic modality but rather a tool to be used in conjunction with other comprehensive approaches to counseling for inspiring change in clients who may otherwise feel neutral about their situations or even reluctant to change.
Do therapeutic situations come with focal points?
While some therapeutic situations will come with some obvious focal points or goals–as in the case of court-ordered counseling, for instance, many will not. Some clients will come in with material they are immediately ready to go to work on, while others may lack insight and direction regarding the next steps to take.
What is empowerment in motivational interviewing?
Empowerment is a major principle in motivational interviewing (Rollnick et al., 2008). Clinicians are experts on many things – mental health, physical health, the benefits of exercise, and consistent sleep, to name a few – but clients are the experts on themselves.
Why is empathy important in MI?
When used correctly, empathy is inherent in the MI process because of the role that the clinician plays in their work. This approach is best defined as being a “guide,” rather than being an “expert.”
How do clinicians express empathy?
In motivational interviewing, clinicians express empathy through careful listening and nonjudgmental curiosity about the client’s presenting problem. This is different from empathy in other therapeutic approaches, which focus more on verbal expressions of empathy.
Why is motivational interviewing important?
It provides structure for helping clients who are stuck. Motivational interviewing (MI) is useful for a variety of different presenting problems.
What is the goal of ambivalence in a MI?
Combating ambivalence paradoxically ignites resistance, and the goal of the MI clinician is to work through resistance while encouraging positive change talk.
How to develop discrepancy in therapy?
Developing discrepancy can be done quickly by asking direct questions, but it is also a process that takes place throughout treatment. In therapy, active listening is an art form, in which the clinician picks up subtle hints about the client’s values over time, sometimes without even realizing it.
What is change talk?
Change talk includes the client revealing consideration, motivation, or commitment to change (Schumacher & Madson, 2014).
Why is motivational interviewing important?
There are fluctuating reasons to change and not to change. It’s also important to consider someone’s belief that they’re capable of changing. Motivational Interviewing can be used to explore someone’s ambivalence for change. With the spirit, processes, and techniques of MI, ambivalence can be resolved.
What is the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change?
The Transtheoretical Model of behavior change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984) was developed to understand how ready people are to change. Here you can learn more about the specific stages of change.
What is change talk?
Change talk can be identified as any client speech that describes movement toward change and is linked to a specific change goal. Change talk can be preparatory or mobilizing. Preparatory change talk can be elicited when providers explore clients’ desires, ability, reasons, and need to change.
What is an imaginary scale?
An imaginary scale ranging from 0 to 10 can be used to explore the client’s level of perceived importance for change. It involves the use of two questions, and the second question is meant to elicit change talk and assist the client to identify why change is important.
How does social context help in behavior change?
The social context can further encourage or prevent behavior change. For example, suppose a client is speaking with their provider about decreasing their alcohol use, and the provider assists the client to explore why they want to change their behavior.
What is the spirit of MI?
It is a basic trust – a belief that this other person is somehow fundamentally trustworthy. (Rogers, 1980) The spirit of MI, combined with the four processes and core skills, has been used worldwide in various settings to assist with changing behavior.
What is unconditional positive regard?
For change to occur in the conversation, unconditional positive regard is essential. An acceptance of this other individual as a separate person, a respect for the other as having worth in his or her own right. It is a basic trust – a belief that this other person is somehow fundamentally trustworthy. (Rogers, 1980)
How to use summarizing in a conversation?
Summarizing is probably the most straightforward of the four strategies. It utilizes paraphrasing to transition the conversation in one of three ways: closure, transition to a new topic, or a linked transition. Closure is for ending the session, and serves to tie together everything that had been discussed, while transitions move toward new topics or new perspectives. For instance, some clients may be avid talkers that get off topic; summarizing allows the professional to acknowledge their interests or distraction while bringing the focus back to where it needs to be. Or, the professional can use summarizing to transition the client’s focus from a problem to a conversation that helps them establish ideas for changing that problem.
What is motivational interviewing?
Motivational interviewing is a client-focused process, and that requires health professionals to be aware of both their verbal and non-verbal communication to ensure that their own behavior is intentional for the most effective session possible. It’s also critical to remember that each client is different, and that the processes ...
What is affirmation in a client?
Affirmations. Affirmations are a type of response that encourage the client and display empathy while building rapport. It helps the professional emphasize positive moments in the client’s experience, or to acknowledge difficulties in a positive way. However, it should never sound like outright praise.
What are the four key strategies in motivational interviewing?
To move a client through the four processes of motivational interviewing, professionals need to leverage four core strategies: Open-Ended Questions: Ensuring the client is doing most of the talking, helping them to explore their own thought processes and behaviors. Affirmations: Recognizing key strengths to help build the client’s confidence ...
Why is it important to summarise a plan?
Summarizing ensures that both the professional and the client are on the same page.
Why are open ended questions important?
Open-ended questions help engage the client with why they’re in a session, as well as to establish the trust necessary to draw on their personal beliefs and experiences to define their own ideas and motivation for change.
Summary
- Motivational Interviewing (MI) is often recommended as an evidence-based approach to behavior change. However, definitions of MI vary widely, including out of date and inaccurate understandings. This document provides a brief summary of what MI is, what is isn’t and where to go next if you are interested in learning more about this approach.
What Is Motivational Interviewing?
- “MI is a collaborative, goal-oriented style of communication with particular attention to the language of change. It is designed to strengthen personal motivation for and commitment to a specific goal by eliciting and exploring the person’s own reasons for change within an atmosphere of acceptance and compassion.” (Miller & Rollnick, 2013, p. 29) The most current version of MI i…
CORE Elements of Motivational Interviewing
- MI is practiced with an underlying spirit or way of being with people:
- MI has core skills of OARS, attending to the language of change and the artful exchange of information:
- MI has four fundamental processes. These processes describe the “flow” of the conversation although we may move back and forth among processes as needed:
Further Questions
- What are some ways MI could be helpful in your work?
- What are some reasons you might want to learn more about MI?
- What might be a next step or two? If you are interested in learning more about MI, you might consider reading the next document in the series: Learning Motivational Interviewing or the core text by...
References
- Miller, W.R. & T.B. Moyers (2017) Motivational Interviewing and the clinical science of Carl Rogers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(8), 757-766
- Miller, W.R. & Rollnick, S. (2013) Motivational Interviewing: Helping people to change(3rd Edition). Guilford Press.
- Miller & Rollnick (2017) Ten things MI is not Miller, W.R. & Rollnick, S. (2009) Ten things that …
- Miller, W.R. & T.B. Moyers (2017) Motivational Interviewing and the clinical science of Carl Rogers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(8), 757-766
- Miller, W.R. & Rollnick, S. (2013) Motivational Interviewing: Helping people to change(3rd Edition). Guilford Press.
- Miller & Rollnick (2017) Ten things MI is not Miller, W.R. & Rollnick, S. (2009) Ten things that MI is not. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 129-140.
