Generation of computer programming languages
- First-generation (1GL): Machine languages (based on 0 and 1)
- Second-generation languages (2GL): Assembly languages (based on special code)
- Third generation (3GL): High-level languages (similar to the English language, e.g., BASIC, C, etc)
- Fourth-generation language (4GL): Non-procedural languages.
Full Answer
Which language is used by computer?
generally you need a language for communication. So the language which is used to communicate with computer called programming language. Because you communicate with computer by writing programs which is set of institutions executing on microprocessor. So the language which is used to write computer program is called programming language.
What are programming language generations?
Programming language generations are classifications of programming languages, which reference different eras of programming history. This classification indicates how programming power is increasing. Some consider this progress as programming features formerly considered significant become less important.
What are some of the different computer programming languages?
Popular programming languages
- HTML. HTML stands for "Hyper Text Markup Language" and is utilized for coding web pages. ...
- Java. Java has been used since the beginning of the World Wide Web to improve websites and add interactive capabilities like buttons and app widgets.
- C Language. C Language works as a basic coding language and is widely used to make programs run faster. ...
How many generations of programming languages are there?
Generations of programming language
- First generation languages (1GL)
- Second generation languages (2GL)
- Third generation languages (3GL)
- Fourth generation languages (4GL)
- Fifth generation languages (5GL)
What is a programming language based on?
Programming language based around solvingproblems using constraints given to the program,rather than using an algorithm written by aprogrammer.
When did high level languages start?
High level languagesthat came about in the1950's. Mostly used forbusiness and scientificapplications, and wereconsidered majorimprovements from thefirst two generationlanguages.
What is machine language?
Machine languages consist of a set of commands , which are represented as a series of 1s and 0s,corresponding to the instruction set that is hard wired into the security of a micro processor. 2. Second-generation languages. 2.1.
Why are high level languages called third generation languages?
High level languages that were originally conceived in the 1950s were dubbed third-generation languages because they seemed a mojor improvement a major improvement over machine and assembly languages. 3.2.
Is assembly a low level language?
Like a machine language, an assembly language is classified as a low-level language because it is machine specific-each assembly command corresponds on a one-to-one basis to a machine language instruction. 3. Third-generation languages. 3.1.
Why is assembly language considered a low level language?
Known as assembly languages, classified as a low level language because it is machine specific and each assembly command corrasponds on a 1 to 1 basis to a machine language instruction. 3. Third Generation Languages. 3.1.
What is the first generation language?
1. First Generation Languages. 1.1. Refered to as machine languages. Consists of a set of commands, which are represented as a series of 1s and 0s corresponding to the instruction set that is hard wired into the security of a microprocessor. 2.
Why are 4GLs so hard to use?
However, fourth-generation languages (4GLs) seem to sever connections with the prior generation because they are basically nonprocedural. Procedural languages tell the computer how a task is done: add this, compare that, do this if something is true, and so on, in a very specific step-by-step manner. In a nonprocedural language, users define only what they want the computer to do, without supplying all the details of how something is to be done.
Why do we need assembly language?
Because the level of detail required to write assembly programs is very high, it is easy to make mistakes. Although some programmers still use assembly language to write parts of applications where speed of execution is critical, such as video games, most programmers today think and write in very high-level or fourth-generation languages.
How many lines of code is required for a third generation?
Conversely, a third-generation language like COBOL would typically require a few hundred lines of code to fulfill the same request.
How many machine language instructions does one statement generate?
As a general rule, one statement in a high-level programming language will expand into several machine language instructions. This is in contrast to assembly languages, where one statement normally generates one machine language instruction.
How much more productive is a fourth generation language than a third generation language?
It is believed that one can be ten times more productive in a fourth-generation language than in a third-generation language. Consider a request to produce a report showing the total number of students enrolled in each class, by teacher, in each semester and year, and with a subtotal for each teacher.
What is the first generation of programming language?
First Generation: Machine Language. Programming of the first stored-program computer systems was performed in machine language . This is the lowest level of programming language. All the commands and data values are given in ones and zeros, corresponding to the "on" and "off" electrical states in a computer.
What are the four languages?
The four generations of languages are machine language, assembly language, high-level language, and very high-level language .
What was the first generation computer?
First-generation computers were used for calculation, storage, and control purpose. They were too bulky and large that they needed a full room and consume rot of electricity. Main first generation computers are: ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, built by J. Presper Eckert and John V. Mauchly was a general-purpose computer.
What are the different types of computers?
Main first generation computers are: 1 ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, built by J. Presper Eckert and John V. Mauchly was a general-purpose computer. It had been very heavy, large, and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes. 2 EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was designed by von Neumann. It could store data also as instruction and thus the speed was enhanced. 3 UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer was developed in 1952 by Eckert and Mauchly.
What is a microchip computer?
The computers using microchips were called microcomputers. This generation provided the even smaller size of computers, with larger capacities. That’s not enough, then Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits replaced LSI circuits. The Intel 4004chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the pc from the central processing unit and memory to input/ output controls on one chip and allowed the dimensions to reduce drastically.
What is a transistor in computers?
Another feature was the core storage. A transistor may be a device composed of semiconductor material that amplifies a sign or opens or closes a circuit.
What was the technology behind the first generation of computers called?
The technology behind the primary generation computers was a fragile glass device, which was called vacuum tubes. These computers were very heavy and really large in size. These weren’t very reliable and programming on them was a really tedious task as they used high-level programming language and used no OS.
What is the most feature of the era of computer?
Here a variety of transistors were placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors. The most feature of this era’s computer was the speed and reliability. IC was made from silicon and also called silicon chips. A single IC, has many transistors, registers, and capacitors built on one thin slice of silicon.
What is the technology behind the 5th generation?
The technology behind the fifth generation computers is AI. It allows computers to behave like humans. It is often seen in programs like voice recognition, area of medicines, and entertainment. Within the field of games playing also it’s shown remarkable performance where computers are capable of beating human competitors.
What Are the 5 Generations of Computers?
In this Webopedia Study Guide, you’ll learn more about each of the five generations of computers and the advances in technology that have led to the development of the many computing devices that we use today.
What was the first computer delivered to a business client?
The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951. A UNIVAC computer at the Census Bureau. Image Source: United States Census Bureau. Recommended Reading: Webopedia’s ENIAC definition.
Why did computers become accessible to a mass audience?
Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
What is the history of computer development?
The history of computer development is a computer science topic that is often used to reference the different generations of computing devices. Each one of the five generations of computers is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate. Most major developments from ...
What was the first computer system?
The first computer systems used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. These computers were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, the first computers generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
What language did the second generation of computers use?
Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.
What is the goal of 5th generation computing?
The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.
Instruction Format
High Level Languages Are Sometimes Classified as
- General Purpose Language
- Special Purpose Language
Characteristics of Procedural Programming
- Procedural Programming uses top-down approach in program design.
- It is emphasised on procedures(algorithms),
- In this large programs are divided into smaller programs known as functions & most of the functions share global data.
- Data move openly around the system from function to function.
Non-Procedural Languages
- This section deals with the basic characteristics of the class of programming languages called Non-procedural Languages. These programming languages are also known as very high level languages. The other general name given to this class of programming languages are:- 1. Less procedural languages. 2. Goal oriented languages. 3. Problem oriented lang...
Disadvantages
- The programmer does not get an insight into the problem and procedure adopted for solution.
- The program modification is not possible.
- The programs when written in these languages for one computer can’t be executed by other machines. In other words, programs are not portable.
Major Characteristics of 4 GLS
- The major characteristics of fourth generation languages are : 1. Precise-nature. 2. Non-procedural.. 3. Structure-independent. These characteristics are discussed below in details Precise-Nature : The 4 GLs are very precise in nature, which means programs written in these languages need very less number of instructions. A 100 lines program written in Cobol languag…