Eugenio classifies Philippine Folk Literature into three major groups: Folk narratives, folk speech, and folk songs. Folk narratives can either be in prose - the alamat (folklore), the legend, and the kuwentong bayan (folktale) - or in verse, as in the case of the folk narrative.
What is the introduction of Philippine folk literature?
An "Introduction" distinguishes myth from legend, with which it is usually confused, and offers a system of cla Philippine Folk Literature: The Myths constitutes Volume II of the author's eight-volume Philippine Folk Literature Series.
What are the types of folktales in the Philippines?
Like the folktales, they are also classified to groups namely: myths and legends, fables, tales of the supernatural, heroic tales and tales of laughter. Fanciful stories of Philippine folktales include deities, mythical creatures and creation stories.
What is your favorite pre-colonial literature in the Philippines?
Among the most favorite pre-colonial literature are folktales and folklores. Philippine folktales are locally known as alamat.
How are mythical heroes portrayed in the Philippine literature?
Each ethnic group in the Philippines has its own set of stories depicting their mythical heroes, notably through oral traditions such as epics and verbal poems. Many of these stories have now been published in scholarly works and books by various folkloristic and anthropological scholars and researchers throughout the country.
What are examples of folk literature?
The literary works, which is based on syllabic meter like minstrel poetry different from classical school of poetry, the oral literary works whose owners can not be determined such as proverbs, legends, tales, stories, anecdotes, lullabies, folksongs, riddles, folk music forms, wailing are all under the name of “Folk ...
What is literature in folklore?
Folklore is also known as “folk literature,” or “oral traditions.” Folklore depicts the way main characters manage their everyday life events, including conflicts or crises. Simply, folk literature is about individual experiences from a particular society.
What is folk oral literature in the Philippines?
Philippine folk literature refers to the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. Thus, the scope of the field covers the ancient folk literature of the Philippines' various ethnic groups, as well as various pieces of folklore that have evolved since the Philippines became a single ethno-political unit.
What are some example of myths from the Philippines?
MindanaoThe Children of the Limokon (Mandaya) ... The Sun and the Moon (Mandaya) ... How the Moon and the Stars Came to Be (Bukidnon) ... The Flood Story (Bukidnon) ... Origin (Bagobo) ... Epic 'Tudbulul' (T'Boli) ... Creation Story – D'wata (T'Boli) ... Creation Story – Melu (B'laan)More items...
What are the 4 types of folk literature?
This page will introduce you to the most common folklore genres: fairy tales, legends, myths, tall tales, and fables.
What is the purpose of folktale in literature?
Folktales were often employed to share a common history, to reinforce cultural values, or highlight important traditions. When people belonged to a tribe or lived in a small village, by necessity they needed to be able to get along well under a variety of circumstances and minimize conflict.
What is the meaning of Philippine folklore?
Philippine folk literature refers to the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. Thus, the scope of the field covers the ancient folk literature of the Philippines' various ethnic groups, as well as various pieces of folklore that have evolved since the Philippines became a single ethno-political unit.
What is the importance of learning Philippine Folk Literature?
Studying Philippine literature is important for the same reasons that studying any national literature is important. Nationalist literature preserves national opinion and thought within its text, and can transport the reader back in time and enable them to experience that world.
What are examples of oral literature?
Beyond the epic, the main oral genres include the folktale; song, including laments, praise songs, and work songs; folk drama; myth; and, closely related, legend and historical recitation.
What is the most popular myth in the Philippines?
5 Pinoy myths you probably grew up believingMyth #1: “Wala pang 5 seconds!” ... Myth #2: “Baka mausog!” ... Myth #3: “Tumalon ka sa New Year para tumangkad ka!” ... Myth #4: “Pampaganda ng boses ang langgam!” ... Myth #5: “Kapag nabasag mo 'yang salamin, pitong taon kang mamalasin!”
What Filipino folktales are you familiar with?
These are much more accessible than Philippine epic stories that are usually found in uninspiring and antiquated anthologies....5 Well-Loved Philippine Folktales Young Kids Will EnjoyThe Story of the Piña. ... The Monkey and the Turtle. ... The Necklace and the Comb. ... Why the Fish Has Scales. ... Mother Mountain.
Is ibong Adarna a myth?
In Philippine folklore, the Ibong Adarna is a mythical bird that is described as the most colorful bird in the fictional Kingdom of Berbania.
What is the difference between folklore and literature?
The main difference between folklore and oral literature is the way that the literature is recorded and passed on to the next generation. The former is written or recorded whereas the latter is passed on by word of mouth.
What is the use of literature in our life?
Literature allows a person to step back in time and learn about life on Earth from the ones who walked before us. We can gather a better understanding of culture and have a greater appreciation of them. We learn through the ways history is recorded, in the forms of manuscripts and through speech itself.
What do we express in literature?
In a sense, all literature expresses ideas, whether it's a creative idea or the author's idea of how to use literary techniques. Very often, literature contains some novel ideas, and the form is one which lends itself to experimentation with one's ideas.
What is Filipino folk literature?
Philippine folk literature refers to the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. Thus, the scope of the field covers the ancient folk literature of the Philippines' various ethnic groups, as well as various pieces of folklore that have evolved since the Philippines became a single ethno-political unit.
Is folklore still written?
While the oral, and thus changeable, aspect of folk literature is an important defining characteristic, much of this oral tradition has been written into a print format. To point out that folklore in a written form can still be considered folklore, Mutely points out that folklore "may appear in print, but must not freeze into print." All the examples of folk literature cited in this article are taken from print, rather than oral sources.
Who is the father of the Tagalog novel?
writing. Another proponent of Philippine literature is Valeriano Hernandez Peña, the Father of the Tagalog Novel ( Ama ng Nobelang Tagalog ). He authored the Magkaibigang Nena at Neneng in 1905.
When was Southeast Asia recognized?
First, Southeast Asia as a distinct cultural region was not recognized until the political environment after the Second World War.
Is Philippine folklore a representative of Southeast Asian folklore?
Since it comes from a Southeast Asian nation, Philippine folk literature can be counted as a representative of Southeast Asian folklore. This is not a simple categorization, however, for two important reasons.
What is the evolution of Philippine literature?
Though relatively young compared to other world literatures, Philippine literature has come a long way in evolving from the early forms of folklore literature to the contemporary literature we know today. The changing times and the cultural influences brought about by both the foreign ...
What are some examples of well preserved myths?
An example of well preserved myth is the lawful ale of Began and Gauguin that talks about the marriage of a goddess with a man and the death of their son which resulted in the creation of the world's many things. Tales were in local vernacular forms and showed the diversity ad richness of culture by each region.
Who was the most prominent advocate for reform in the Philippines?
Studying in Europe, Jose Racial was the most prominent advocate for reform in the Philippines. He wrote two books: the Nil Me Tanager and the El Filibusterer's, writings and formed the ASK for revolution. It is evident in Benefaction's poem Nag Hulling Habit Eng Filipinos (The final Cry of Filipinos) that he was on the verge of creating a revolution and that shows that on the dwindling years of Spanish rule, literature revolved around the idea of revolution and nationalism. It is true that the style and way of writing is very much affected by the need to write down the events that are unfolding.
Who were the famous Filipino writers who wrote in English?
This period produced some famous writers like like Carols Bulbous, Alexandra Roses, Francisco Recall, Nick Joaquin. Filipino writers excelled in the short stories in English.
What are the cultural achievements of the Philippines?
Main article: Cultural achievements of pre-colonial Philippines. The Tagalog people's Obando Fertility Rites, before becoming a Catholic festival, was initially an animist ritual dedicated to the intersex deity, Lakapati, who presided over fertility, the goddess of love, Diyan Masalanta, and the supreme god, Bathala.
How to kill Manananggal?
The upper part of a manananggal, hunting for food. The monster can be killed by putting salt or garlic on the wound of its lower portion left on the ground. This way, the upper part will fail to re-connect with its lower section, thus killing it once daylight comes.
What is written literature?
Written literature. Literature consists, in part, of oral tradition that has been committed to writing in the form of manuscripts or publications. Juan de Plasencia wrote the Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos in 1589, documenting the traditions of the Tagalog people at the time.
What is the name of the mountain in Bagobo?
In Bagobo Tagabawa mythology, a hero chieftain named Banog, who founded four domains, was said to have been named after the local name for the raptor. Mount Banahaw is a sacred mountain home for good enchanted beings, while the smaller Mount San Cristobal, located beside it, is said to be the home of dangerous beings.
What is the name of the first man in Ilokano?
Cosmogony or creation myths. Angalo, a creation giant, is said to be the first man and the son of the god of building in Ilokano mythology. Cosmogony or creation myths usually tell how the world was created, and most of the time, also includes how mankind came into existence.
What are some examples of mythology in the Philippines?
A few examples of which are: (1) the creation myths of the Bicolano people and the Visayan peoples, whose deities' names are different but the activities recorded in their creation myths are extremely similar; (2) the presence of deities na med Mayari /Malayari /Apûng Malyari, which is prevalent in Tagalog, Kapampangan, and Sambal mythologies; (3) the presence of moon deities, named Bulan in Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Cebuano and Bicolano mythologies, and serpent deities named Bakunawa in Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Cebuano, and Bicolano mythologies (4) the presence of moon-swallowing monsters named Tambanokano in Mandaya and Manobo mythologies, where the Mandaya Tambanokano is depicted as a crab, while the Manobo Tambanokano is depicted as a tarantula or scorpion, depending on the ethnic sub-group; (5) the presence of foe-deities named Gugurang and Asuang in Bicolano mythology and Agurang and Aswang in Hiligaynon mythology. and (6) the presence of deities named Kabunian in the mythologies of the Ibaloi people, the Bontoc people, and the Ifugao people.
What is oral literature in the Philippines?
Oral literature (also known as folk literature) consists of stories that have been or still are being passed down from one generation to another through oral means such as verbal communication. All sources of Philippine mythologies are originally oral literature. As oral literature is passed on verbally, changes in stories and the addition of stories with the passing of time are natural phenomena and part of the evolving dynamism of Philippine mythology. Despite many attempts to record all of the oral literature of the Philippines, the majority of the stories pertaining to Philippine mythologies have yet to be properly documented. These oral traditions were intentionally interfered with by the Spanish through the introduction of Christian mythologies in the 16th century. Some examples of such interference are the Biag ni Lam-ang and the Tale of Bernardo Carpio, where the names of certain characters were permanently changed into Spanish ones. Resurgent ripples of interest towards oral literature in the Philippines have sprung up since the 21st century due to sudden interests among the masses, notably the youth, coupled with various media such as literary works, television, radio, and social media.
What is the name of the ape that eats chickens?
6. Amomongo. Amomongo is a hairy white ape that allegedly lives in a cave at the base of Mt. Kanlaon, Negros Occidental. Using its long, sharp nails, this “Negros ape” disembowels its victims (mostly chickens, goats, and other small animals) and eats their intestines. READ: Top 10 Unsolved Mysteries in the Philippines.
How tall is the Amomongo?
On average, it stands 5 feet and 4 inches tall and described by most crytozoologists as reclusive. On June 9 and 10, 2008, the closest Amomongo encounter yet happened when Elias Galvez and Salvador Aguilar, two residents of Brgy.
What is the name of the ogre that sucks water from the swamps?
Berberoka. More popular in the remote areas of Abra, Apayao and Ilocos Norte, this freshwater ogre uses deceptive tactics to catch its prey. Berberoka sucks water from swamps or lakes until a school of fish is evident in the surface. The victims–mostly fishermen–will then be lured by the evil’s trap.
How tall is the ani-ani?
According to legends, ani-ani is a humanoid that stands about eighteen feet tall and emits a strong, goat-like smell.
How did Aponitolau die?
Although he passed the giant’s challenge of eating a whole carabao, Aponitolau eventually died after picking two oranges from the tree made of knives.
What is the name of the creature that inhabits streams, brooks, wells, and other bodies of fresh?
This frightening water creature is Philippine’s counterpart of the Greek naiad, a female spirit who inhabits streams, brooks, wells, and other bodies of freshwater.
What are the ghosts of the Japanese?
Pasatsats are the ghosts of those who died or killed during the Japanese occupation. Poor townspeople of this war era could not afford to buy a coffin so they used pamalisan (reed mat) to cover the dead. And because unscrupulous men at that time desecrate the graves to get gold, shirts, and other loots (Agoncillo 2000, 416), most people were forced to bury their loved ones in places other than the cemetery.
Overview
Philippine folk literature refers to the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. Thus, the scope of the field covers the ancient folk literature of the Philippines' various ethnic groups, as well as various pieces of folklore that have evolved since the Philippines became a single ethno-political unit.
While the difference between Philippine folk literature and Philippine mythology is a fine one, this …
Proponents of Philippine literature
This aims to revive the Spanish language and its influence in Filipino writing. Another proponent of Philippine literature is Valeriano Hernandez Peña, the Father of the Tagalog Novel (Ama ng Nobelang Tagalog). He authored the Magkaibigang Nena at Neneng in 1905.
Philippine folk literature in oral and print formats
While the oral, and thus changeable, aspect of folk literature is an important defining characteristic, much of this oral tradition has been written into a print format. To point out that folklore in a written form can still be considered folklore, Utley points out that folklore "may appear in print, but must not freeze into print." All the examples of folk literature cited in this article are taken from print, rather than oral sources.
Categories
Eugenio classifies Philippine Folk Literature into three major groups: Folk narratives, folk speech, and folk songs. Folk narratives can either be in prose - the alamat (folklore), the legend, and the kuwentong bayan (folktale) - or in verse, as in the case of the folk narrative. Folk speech includes the bugtong (riddle) and the salawikain (proverbs). Folk songs can be sub-classified into those that tell a story (folk ballads), which are rare in Philippine folk literature, and those that do not, which …
As an example of Southeast Asian folklore
Since it comes from a Southeast Asian nation, Philippine folk literature can be counted as a representative of Southeast Asian folklore. This is not a simple categorization, however, for two important reasons.
First, Southeast Asia as a distinct cultural region was not recognized until the political environment after the Second World War.
Continued evolution
While folklore is often associated with ancient times, newer recordings of Philippine folk literature have made in modern times. Quite aside from urban legends, modern legends attributing superhuman powers to powerful and charismatic leaders such as former presidents Ramon Magsaysay and Ferdinand Marcos have been documented and accepted as full-fledged examples of Philippine folk literature. In the case of Marcos, scholars have extensivey documented metho…
See also
• Philippine literature
• Philippine mythology
• Philippine mythical creatures
Further reading
• Eugenio, Damiana L. “Philippine Folktales: An Introduction”. In: Asian Folklore Studies 44, no. 2 (1985): 155–77. https://doi.org/10.2307/1178506.