Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance was the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps. Before 1497, Italian Renaissance humanism had little influence outside Italy. From the late 15th century, its ideas spread around Europe. This influenced the German Renaissance, French Renaissance, English Renaissance, Renaissance in the Low Countries, Polish Renaissance and other national and localized mov…
Where did the Northern Renaissance take place?
The Northern Renaissance occurred in Europe north of the Alps from the late fifteenth century through the mid-sixteenth century. It flourished in the Low Countries, the Holy Roman Empire, France, and England. The Northern Renaissance differed from the Italian Renaissance in the time period, and its art focused on landscapes and rural life.
How did the Renaissance spread throughout Europe?
From the last years of the 15th century, its Renaissance spread around Europe. Called the Northern Renaissance because it occurred north of the Italian Renaissance, this period became the German, French, English, Low Countries, Polish Renaissances and in turn other national and localized movements, each with different attributes.
How was the Northern Renaissance different from the Italian Renaissance?
In some areas the Northern Renaissance was distinct from the Italian Renaissance in its centralization of political power. While Italy and Germany were dominated by independent city-states, most of Europe began emerging as nation-states or even unions of countries.
What were the major cities of the Renaissance period?
Major Cities of the Renaissance Period. The city of Florence, Italy, was the birthplace of the Renaissance. The European Renaissance was a time of massive economic and cultural growth following the stagnation of the Middle Ages. Beginning in Italy in the 14th century, the movement spread to all parts of the continent during the next 300 years.
What is considered Northern Renaissance?
In fine art, the term "Northern Renaissance" refers to the rapid developments in fine art (c. 1430-1580) which occurred in two main areas: (1) the Netherlandish Low Countries of Flanders and Holland; (2) Germany.
What were the main countries in the Renaissance?
The movement first expanded to other Italian city-states, such as Venice, Milan, Bologna, Ferrara and Rome. Then, during the 15th century, Renaissance ideas spread from Italy to France and then throughout western and northern Europe.
Where did the Northern Renaissance occur?
Northern EuropeThe Renaissance in Northern Europe So we use the term "Northern Renaissance" to refer to the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps. Some of the most important changes in northern Europe include the: invention of the printing press, c. 1450.
Was Germany part of the Northern Renaissance?
The German Renaissance, part of the Northern Renaissance, was a cultural and artistic movement that spread among German thinkers in the 15th and 16th centuries, which developed from the Italian Renaissance.
What's the difference between the Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance?
The Italian Renaissance writers focused on secular concerns and advancing the individual, while Northern Renaissance writers focused on reforming society based on Christian principles. Both movements were similar because they were based on humanistic studies of ancient Greek and Roman writers.
How did Northern Renaissance differ from the Italian Renaissance?
The Northern Renaissance most differed from the Italian Renaissance in that it replaced greater importance on religious devotion. In other words we can say, the Italian Renaissance was an artistic movement unaffected by reformation. In Northern Europe Renaissance was philosphical and strongly affected by reformation.
What did the Northern Renaissance focus on?
The Northern Renaissance, with the new values in secularism and individualism that challenge religious, political and intellectual institutions, focused heavily on religious reforms. As Christian humanism arose, religious reform and the creation of new religious sectors away from the Catholic Church was promoted.
Which areas of northern Europe flourished during the Renaissance?
During the 1400s commerce and trade flourished in northern Europe, around the coast of the Baltic Sea and in the Rhine River region of Germany. These areas were linked with trade routes to Italy and the region around the Mediterranean Sea in the south.
Where did the Northern Renaissance began quizlet?
Northern Europe was still recovering from the Black Death when the Renaissance began to flourish in Italy. By the 1400s, cities in the North began experiencing economic growth and wealth and needed to start a Renaissance of their own.
When did the Northern Renaissance end?
The Northern European Renaissance ended around 1580, primarily due to the outbreak of the Eighty Years War in 1568 as the Lowland countries fought for independence and religious freedom from the Spanish Hapsburg government.
Did the Italian Renaissance cause the Northern Renaissance?
Although influenced by the Italian Renaissance, the Northern Renaissance was a unique event and was distinct from it. This article will argue that the origins of the Northern Renaissance resulted from the spread of printing, Italy's influence, growing wealth, and the decline of the culture associated with feudalism.
What was the Northern Renaissance quizlet?
Northern Renaissance refers to artistic developments in Northern Europe (Flanders, Netherlands, Germany, England) during the 1400's and 1500's. Renowned for exquisite detail in their paintings made possible by the lengthy drying time of oil paint.
What are the 3 major periods of the Renaissance?
Although the evolution of Italian Renaissance art was a continuous process, it is traditionally divided into three major phases: Early, High, and Late Renaissance.
Who spread the Renaissance outside of Italy?
The "Northern" Renaissance refers to Renaissance art, architecture, and philosophy that took place outside of Italy. One of the first places that the Renaissance spread to was France. This was because France invaded Italy in the late 1400s and came into contact with Italian paintings and artistic philosophies.
Where did the Renaissance take place?
There is some debate over the actual start of the Renaissance. However, it is generally believed to have begun in Italy during the 14th century, after the end of the Middle Ages, and reached its height in the 15th century. The Renaissance spread to the rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries.
What are the European countries outside Italy where the Renaissance also flourished during that period?
Other major centers were northern Italian city-states such as Venice, Genoa, Milan, Bologna, and Rome during the Renaissance Papacy. From Italy, the Renaissance spread throughout Europe in Flanders, France, the British Isles, Spain, Portugal, Germany, and elsewhere.
What was the Northern Renaissance?
The extreme iconoclasm changed the face of Northern Renaissance art, leading to works that were decidedly humble, presenting a more toned down view of everyday reality. Art was taken off its glorified pedestal that had previously been occupied by only the rich and powerful and made accessible to the new burgeoning merchant classes.
Who was the first to use the term "Renaissance"?
The Mannerist Italian artist Giorgio Vasari first used the term rinascita, meaning rebirth, to define the Italian Renaissance in his The Lives of the Artists (1550). He saw the era as a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman aesthetics and ideals following the more staid Gothic era. However, the term "Renaissance" from the French came into widespread usage only following its first appearance in the historian Jules Michelet's Histoire de France (1855).
When did Florentine artists rejuvenate the arts?
Early in the 15th century, Florentine artists rejuvenated the arts with a more humanistic and individualistic treatment that spawned on of the most creative revolutions in the arts.
What were the major changes in Northern Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
Some of the most important changes in Northern Europe include the: • invention of the printing press, c. 1450. • advent of mechanically reproducible media such as woodcuts and engravings.
What is the Renaissance?
Renaissance. The word Renaissance is generally defined as the rebirth of classical antiquity in Italy in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Seems simple enough, but the word “Renaissance” is actually fraught with complexity. Scholars argue about exactly when the Renaissance happened, where it took place, how long it lasted, ...
Why did Italian art migrate north?
In this narrative, Italian art and ideas migrate North from Italy, largely because of the travels of the great German artist Albrecht Dϋrer. Dürer studied, admired, and was inspired by Italy, and he carried his Italian experiences back to Germany.
Why were the Arnolfinis considered middle class?
The Arnolfinis counted as middle class because their wealth came from trade rather than inherited titles and land . The power of the merchant-class patrons of Northern Europe cultivated a taste for art made for domestic display. Decorating one’s home is still a powerful motivation for art patrons.
What countries have gold and silver deposits?
New mining and metalworking technology made possible the profitable exploitation of the rich iron, copper, gold, and silver deposits of central Germany, Hungary, and Austria, affording the opportunity for large-scale investment of capital. One index of Europe’s recovery is the spectacular growth of certain cities.
Who was the king of France in 1494?
Political, economic, and social background. In 1494 King Charles VIII of France led an army southward over the Alps, seeking the Neapolitan crown and glory. Many believed that this barely literate gnome of a man, hunched over his horse, was the Second Charlemagne, whose coming had been long predicted by French and Italian prophets.
Which country developed the tercio?
French artillery was already the best in Europe by 1494, whereas the Spaniards developed the tercio, an infantry unit that combined the most effective field fortifications and weaponry of the Italians and Swiss. Charles V. Charles V with his hunting dog, oil on wood by Jakob Seisenegger, 1532; in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
Where is the Renaissance still found?
The outstanding cultural and artistic heritage of the Renaissance can still be seen today in many of the great cities of the period, including Florence and Venice in Italy, Bruges in Belgium and Toledo in Spain.
What was the Renaissance period?
Major Cities of the Renaissance Period. The European Renaissance was a time of massive economic and cultural growth following the stagnation of the Middle Ages. Beginning in Italy in the 14th century, the movement spread to all parts of the continent during the next 300 years.
Why is Venice so famous?
To present-day tourists, Venice is renowned for its picturesque canals and its lack of motorized vehicles. These features have held back the encroachment of the modern world and helped to preserve the Renaissance character of the city.
When did Spain move its capital to Madrid?
When the King of Spain moved his capital to Madrid in the 16th century , the old capital of Toledo became a forgotten backwater -- a virtual time capsule of the Renaissance period. At its height, however, the city was more than just the capital of Spain.
Who was the most famous person who lived in Florence?
The poet Dante, the political theorist Machiavelli and the scientist Galileo also lived and worked in Florence.
What was the most powerful city in Europe?
During its heyday between the 13th and 16th centuries, Venice was one of the most powerful city-states in Europe, controlling the all-important trade routes between East and West. The vast wealth generated by this trade left a legacy that can still be seen today, in the magnificent Renaissance palaces and churches of Venice.
What is Northern Renaissance?
When we talk about the Northern Renaissance, we mean the technical and artistic innovations that were taking place North of the Alps from the mid-fourteenth century to the beginning of the sixteenth. Nevertheless, the perceived dichotomy between Northern and Italian Renaissance painters is largely a modern invention.
Who was the most famous painter of the Northern Renaissance?
After, he arguably succeeded his master to become one of the greatest painters of the Northern Renaissance and, in 1435, Rogier van der Weyden was made official painter to the city of Brussels. Alongside his contemporary, Jan van Eyck, Rogier was greatly praised by Giorgio Vasari in his momentous book, Lives of the Artists.
Who were the most famous Italian Renaissance painters?
Art lovers today may be enamored by the assumed supremacy of Italian Renaissance painters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. But, in the 1400s, Northern Renaissance painters were “in vogue” and enjoyed numerous commissions from Italian patrons. Particularly coveted was Northern painters’ ability to mimic reality with extraordinary naturalism – a talent that was well-documented across Europe.
Who were the Limbourg brothers?
Herman, Paul and Jean de Limbourg – more commonly known as the Limbourg Brothers – were born in Nijmegen sometime between 1385 and 1390. While the other Renaissance painters on this list specialized in oil on wooden panels, the Limbourg Brothers were masters of manuscript illumination.
