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What is the Danzig Region?
The Danzig Region included the urban districts ( Stadtkreise) of Danzig and Elbing (Elbląg) (since 1874), as well as the rural districts of Berent [ pl], Danzig-Land [ pl], Elbing-Land [ pl], Karthaus, Marienburg, Neustadt [ pl], and Preußisch Stargard [ pl] . In 1887 a number of districts changed in the Danzig Region.
What was the Free City of Danzig?
The city of Danzig and its environs became the Free City of Danzig. A few eastern areas of the Danzig Region remained in the Free State of Prussia in Weimar Germany, however.
What is the history of the port of Danzig?
Throughout the centuries, the port — Danzig to the Germans, Gdansk to the Poles — had been fought over. It is the point at which the Vistula, a crucial trading waterway, issues into the Baltic Sea. Until 1793, Gdansk was ruled by Poland and after the Napoleonic wars integrated into Prussia as Danzig.
How do you pronounce Danzig?
The German name, Danzig, is pronounced [ˈdantsɪç] ( listen) . The city's Latin name may be given as either Gedania, Gedanum or Dantiscum; the variety of Latin names reflects the mixed influence of the city's Polish, German and Kashubian heritage. Other former spellings of the name include Dantzig, Dantsic and Dantzic .
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What country does Danzig belong to?
PolandDanzig, largely an ethnically German city, became a "free city" under the protection of the League of Nations (the worldwide organization of states established by the treaty), but with special administrative ties to Poland.
Is Danzig still part of Poland?
After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the Nazis abolished the Free City and incorporated the area into the newly formed Reichsgau of Danzig-West Prussia....Free City of Danzig.Free City of Danzig Freie Stadt Danzig (German) Wolne Miasto Gdańsk (Polish)Preceded by Succeeded by German Empire Reichsgau West PrussiaToday part ofPoland35 more rows
Where is Danzig located?
That target was Danzig, an ethnically German city located northwest of Warsaw on the Baltic Sea coast that had been part of Germany from the early 1800's until the end of World War I.
When did Danzig become German?
October 1939In October 1939, Danzig, together with the prewar Pomeranian Voivodship to the south and west, became the German Reichsgau (administrative district) of Danzig-West Prussia (Danzig–Westpreussen).
Is Danzig in Poland or Germany?
Gdańsk, German Danzig, city, capital of Pomorskie województwo (province), northern Poland, situated at the mouth of the Vistula River on the Baltic Sea. Waterfront of Gdańsk, Poland, on the Motława River.
When did Danzig change to Gdańsk?
WWII began with just that: the attack on the Polish Post Office and the Polish port (Westerplatte) in Danzig on 31 August 1939. By the end of the War in 1945, Danzig, now Gdańsk, had been allotted to a newly formed (once again, with much changed borders) Polish People's Republic.
What is the capital of Poland?
WarsawPoland / CapitalWarsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland and its population is officially estimated at ... Wikipedia
Which country ceded West Prussia to Poland?
One provision required Germany to cede West Prussia to the newly reconstructed state of Poland. Danzig, largely an ethnically German city, became a "free city" under the protection of the League of Nations (the worldwide organization of states established by the treaty), but with special administrative ties to Poland.
When did Germany invade Poland?
They therefore guaranteed the integrity of Polish territory against German aggression. Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3. With that, the German invasion of Poland became World War II. Danzig Within weeks the Poles surrendered.
When was Danzig created?
It was created on 15 November 1920 in accordance with the terms of Article 100 (Section XI of Part III) of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles after the end of World War I . The Free City included the city of Danzig and other nearby towns, villages, and settlements that were primarily inhabited by Germans.
Why were the Danzig Jews offered easier refuge in safe countries?
Moreover, the comparatively few Danzig Jews were offered easier refuge in safe countries because of favorable Free City migration quotas. After the anti-Jewish riots of Kristallnacht of 9/10 November 1938 in Germany, similar riots took place on 12/13 November in Danzig.
What is the name of the city in Poland?
Poland. The Free City of Danzig ( German: Freie Stadt Danzig; Polish: Wolne Miasto Gdańsk; Kashubian: Wòlny Gard Gduńsk) was a semi- autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and nearly 200 towns and villages in the surrounding areas.
What was the population of Poland in 1938?
In 1938, the Free City's population of 410,000 was 98% German, 1% Polish and 1% other. In the 1920 Constituent Assembly election, the Polish Party received over 6% of the vote, but its percentage of votes later declined to about 3%. In 1921, Poland began to develop the city of Gdynia, then a midsized fishing town.
When did the city of Leipzig become part of the Reich?
The city remained part of Prussia until 1920, becoming part of the Reich in 1871.
When did Poland become part of Germany?
In 1945 , the city officially became part of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. In the period immediately after the war, many surviving Germans were expelled to West or East Germany, while members of the pre-war Polish ethnic minority started returning and new Polish settlers began to come.
Is Danzig a part of Poland?
Although Danzig became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Prussia was conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1806, and in September 1807 Napoleon declared Danzig a semi-independent client state of the French Empire, known as the Free City of Danzig.
How many Jews were in Danzig in 1941?
Around 1,200 mainly elderly Jews remained in Danzig. By early 1941 they had all been sent to concentration camps. Throughout the centuries, the port — Danzig to the Germans, Gdansk to the Poles — had been fought over. It is the point at which the Vistula, a crucial trading waterway, issues into the Baltic Sea.
When did the Nazis take control of Danzig?
In May 1933 , the Nazis won power in Danzig through a democratic election. Forster repeatedly challenged the control of the League of Nations over Danzig and proceeded rapidly with the Nazification of the city.
Why was Danzig a step too far for the Allies?
Danzig was a step too far for the Allies: it was clear Hitler wanted more than the restoration of German national pride. Britain and France declared war two days later. After the upheavals of the First World War, Danzig had become a temporary location for stateless and persecuted Jews, seeking a better life elsewhere.
What happened to the synagogues in Danzig and Zopot?
The local community was forced to sell the main synagogues in Danzig and Zopot and many other communal possessions at knock-down prices to facilitate emigration.
How many homeless people were in Danzig in 1920?
Many were encamped in a special transit facility on the city’s outskirts where they were helped by Danzig’s Jewish community. In the 1920s, some 60,000 homeless Jews passed through. The Nazi virus, infecting Weimar Germany, however, was soon exported to Danzig’s German citizens.
When did the Jewish school in Danzig close?
The first departure of Jews from Danzig took place on 3 March 1939.
Was Gdansk a free city?
Until 1793, Gdansk was ruled by Poland and after the Napoleonic wars integrated into Prussia as Danzig. It was, however, lost to Germany after its defeat in the First World War — it became instead a “free city”, but allowed Poland access to the sea. Hitler’s invasion of Poland was not unexpected.
What is the pronunciation of "danzig Platt"?
While Platt has the pronunciations "maken" ( to make ), "slapen" ( to sleep ), "seggen" ( to say ), "vertellen", in Danzig Platt the pronunciations are "moake", "schloape", "saje", "vertalle". mochum
When did Danzig Platt change to German?
Still, a Danzig Platt literature started to evolve at the end of the 18th century. After having switched to High German, the major part of the town came to speak Danziger Missingsch. When Danzig became loyal to Polands along with Royal Prussia, German was maintained as the town's language.
What language did Magdeburg have?
As subject of the Teutonic Order the town grew to a German town granted Magdeburg law . As part of the Hanseatic League, the town acquired a Platt dialect that also derived elements from the Dutch, Russian, and from local Polish language and Kashubian as well.
What language did Gdansk speak?
In the 12th century, a German merchant settlement in the area of today's Long Market of Gdansk arose, close to a Prussian - Kashubian settlement, creating a language contact between Slavic languages, Baltic languages, and Germanic languages. The settlement attracted more German settlers, mainly from Lower Saxony, Westphalia and Hannover, whose Low German language became the dominating language. As subject of the Teutonic Order the town grew to a German town granted Magdeburg law .
Is Danzig German a low Prussian dialect?
It forms part of the Low Prussian dialect that was spoken in the region before the mass-expulsion of the speakers following the end of World War II. Nowadays, Danzig German is only passed within families. Famous modern speakers are Günter Grass, Klaus Kinski, and Donald Tusk.
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Overview
The Danzig Region (Regierungsbezirk Danzig) was a government region, within the Prussian Provinces of West Prussia and of Prussia. The regional capital was Danzig (Gdańsk). Prussian government regions were not bodies of regional self-rule of the districts and cities comprised, but shear top-to-down government agencies to apply federal or state law and supervise local entities of self-rules, such as municipalities, rural and urban districts.
Establishment
Population
Politics
Second World War and aftermath
- Danzig Within weeks the Poles surrendered. Germany annexed most of western Poland and Danzig. In September 1939, the Germans constructed the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof, a town about 22 miles east of Danzig.
In fiction
See also
The Free City of Danzig (German: Freie Stadt Danzig; Polish: Wolne Miasto Gdańsk; Kashubian: Wòlny Gard Gduńsk) was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and nearly 200 towns and villages in the surrounding areas. It was created on 15 November 1920 in accordance with the terms of Article 100 (Section XI of Part III) of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles after the end of World War I.
Further reading
Danzig had an early history of independence. It was a leading player in the Prussian Confederation directed against the Teutonic Monastic State of Prussia. The Confederation stipulated with the Polish king, Casimir IV Jagiellon, that the Polish Crown would be invested with the role of head of state of western parts of Prussia (Royal Prussia). In contrast, Ducal Prussia remained a Polish fief. Danzig and other cities such as Elbing and Thorn financed most of the warfare and enjoyed a hig…