Chief Donnacona (died c. 1539 in France) was the chief of the St. Lawrence Iroquois The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy in North America. They were known during the colonial years to the French as the Iroquois League, and later as the Iroquois Confederacy, and to the English as the Five Nations, comprising th…Iroquois
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of Canadas", after the Iroquois names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona and at Hochelaga.
...
| Donnacona | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Chief of Stadacona |
| Known for | First Nations chief being taken to France by Jacques Cartier |
What happened to Chief Donnacona?
Donnacona. Chief Donnacona (died c. 1539 in France) was the chief of the village of Stadacona, located at the present site of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. French explorer Jacques Cartier, concluding his second voyage to what is now Canada, returned to France with Donnacona. Donnacona was treated well in France but he died there.
Who was Donnacona?
Donnacona, St Lawrence Iroquoian leader (d in France probably in 1539), headman of the village of Stadacona [near Québec City] during Jacques Cartier's voyages of 1534-36, protested when Cartier raised his cross in Gaspé in July 1534.
What happened to Donnacona after Cartier returned to France?
French explorer Jacques Cartier, concluding his second voyage to what is now Canada, returned to France with Donnacona. Donnacona was treated well in France but he died there.
How was Don Donnacona treated on his first voyage?
Donnacona was treated well in France but he died there. Later Cartier would make a third voyage to the same area. Jacques Cartier made three voyages to the land now called Canada, in 1536, 1538 and 1549. In late July 1534, in the course of his first voyage, he and his men encountered two hundred people fishing near Gaspé Bay.
How did Donnacona help Cartier?
Most of Cartier's 110 men came down with scurvy, and 25 of them died. Donnacona's sons prepared a tea made from cedar bark, restoring the men to health. In the spring of 1536, Cartier returned to France.
Did Cartier kidnap Donnacona?
In May of 1536, Cartier forcibly kidnapped Chief Donnacona, his sons Dom Agaya and Taignoagny, and 3 other natives. The natives on shore were outraged, but Cartier managed to convince Donnacona that the King of France would present him with great gifts and promised him his return the next year.
What did Jacques Cartier do to the indigenous people?
Cartier and his men ventured north through the Belle Isle Straits and across the Bay of St. Lawrence to Prince Edward Island where they made contact with the Native Americans of that region, members of the Iroquois nation. Cartier forced Native-American guides to accompany him and headed northwest to Anticosti Island.
When did Jacques Cartier meet Donnacona?
On today's date in 1535, the second voyage of Breton explorer Jacques Cartier arrived at the Iroquois village of Stadacona, near present-day Québec, Qué., where he met Chief Donnacona while traversing the St. Lawrence River.
Why did Cartier kidnap natives?
Ready to return to France in early May 1536, Cartier decided to kidnap Chief Donnacona himself, so that he might personally tell the tale of a country further north, called the " Kingdom of Saguenay", claimed to be full of gold, rubies and other treasures.
Why do you think Cartier took the chief's two sons with him to France?
The chief came to regard Cartier so highly that he gave him two of his sons to take back to France on the condition they would be returned on the next voyage. The boys were quickly dressed in European clothing, and the expedition headed back to France without yet having entered the St. Lawrence River.
How did Cartier anger the Iroquois?
The Iroquois felt betrayed because Jacques Cartier took Donnacona and some villagers and he didn't bring them back. He lied to them and said that Donnacona is living like a king and doesn't want to come back to the them. The Iroquois felt betrayed because Cartier did not bring Donnacona back.
Who named Canada Canada?
The name “Canada” likely comes from the Huron-Iroquois word “kanata,” meaning “village” or “settlement.” In 1535, two Aboriginal youths told French explorer Jacques Cartier about the route to kanata; they were actually referring to the village of Stadacona, the site of the present-day City of Québec.
Why was Jacques Cartier considered a failure?
His colony a failure, Cartier received no further royal charters. In fact, French interest in the New World in general deteriorated after Cartier's mission; it was more than a half-century before France again showed interest in its claims to North America.
When did Cartier stop exploring?
They reached home in October 1542. Cartier's exploration career came to an end after his third voyage to North America. He remained in France during the last years of his life managing his estate. He died September 1, 1557 at the age of 66.
Who discovered the St. Lawrence River?
French navigator Jacques Cartier becomes the first European explorer to encounter the St. Lawrence River in present-day Quebec, Canada. In 1534, Cartier was commissioned by King Francis I of France to explore the northern American lands in search of riches and the rumored Northwest Passage to Asia.
Where did the name Cartier come from?
The name Cartier was originally an occupational name borne by someone who worked as a transporter of goods. It is derived from the Anglo-Norman French word "caretier".
Who did Jacques Cartier kidnap?
Chief DonnaconaJacques Cartier's second voyage began 19 May 1535 after he kidnapped Domagaya and Taignoagny from their father, Chief Donnacona, to use them as guides.
What was Jacques Cartier looking for when he explored Canada in the 1530s?
French navigator Jacques Cartier was sent by King Francis I to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia in 1534. His exploration of the St. Lawrence River allowed France to lay claim to lands that would become Canada. He died in Saint-Malo in 1557.
What happened on Jacques Cartier's first voyage?
Jacques Cartier made three voyages to Canada. On April 20, 1534, accompanied by approximately 60 sailors who were to handle two ships of about 60 tonnes each, Cartier set sail from Saint-Malo. Crossing the Atlantic went smoothly; after 20 days, he entered the Strait of Belle Isle.
Who was the leader of St. Lawrence?
Donnacona, St Lawrence Iroquoian leader (d in France probably in 1539), headman of the village of Stadacona [near Québec City] during Jacques Cartier's voyages of 1534-36, protested when Cartier raised his cross in Gaspé in July 1534.
Who was prompted to reveal the cure for scurvy?
As scurvy ravaged the French, Domagaya was prompted to reveal the cure. Cartier used a dispute between Donnacona and a rival as a ruse to draw Donnacona into a meeting, seized him, his sons - 10 captives in all - and carried them off to France.
Who was avenging Donnacona?
A veritable war finally broke out between the Indians of Stadacona and the colonists at Charlesbourg-Royal (at Cap-Rouge, near Quebec); the Indians were to boast of killing more than 35 of Cartier’s men. Agona was avenging Donnacona.
Who was the chief of Stadacona?
DONNACONA, chief of Stadacona until May 1536, taken into exile by Jacques Cartier along with two sons (Domagaya and Taignoagny); d. in France probably in 1539. In July 1534, in Gaspé Bay (“la baie d’Honguedo”), Jacques Cartier entered into relations with Indians who had come from Stadacona (Quebec) to fish. When Cartier erected a cross there 24 ...
How old were Cartier's children when he left Stadacona?
On 6 May 1536 he left Stadacona with ten Iroquois on board: old Donnacona, his sons Domagaya and Taignoagny, a little girl of ten or 12 years of age, and two little boys whom Cartier had received as gifts the preceding autumn, a little girl of eight or nine years of age whom the chief of Achelacy had given him, and three other Indians.
When did Cartier and Donnacona sail again?
Donnacona accepted and his two sons left for France. They spent eight months there and sailed again with Cartier 19 May 1535, without, however, having been baptized.
When did Cartier return to Stadacona?
It was not until 23 Aug. l541 that Cartier arrived again at Stadacona; he returned without the Indians whom he had captured five years earlier. He announced to Agona, who was still chief of Stadacona, that Donnacona had died in France, that the others were living there as great lords, and that they were married and had not wished to come back: all of which naturally did not cause Chief Agona any grief.
Who was the chief of Stadacona when Cartier returned?
When Cartier returned in 1541, Agona was then the only chief remaining at Stadacona.
What did Cartier do to dissuade him from making this voyage?
To dissuade Cartier from making this voyage they put on for him a scene of sorcery, which had no effect; Donnacona vainly offered gifts. Cartier left for Hochelaga without his interpreters. On his return, he found that his allies were no longer to be relied upon; he built fortifications.
When did Donnacona die?
[2] Cartier promised to bring Donnacona back in 12 moons. Donnacona died in France around 1539. The presence of these First Nations visitors whetted the French appetite for New World exploration with their tales of a golden kingdom called "Saguenay". All but one of the other Iroquoians died, a little girl whose fate is unknown. [2]
Who is Donnacona Huron?
Donnacona Huron was a Native American and member of the Huron tribe. Join: Native Americans Project Discuss: native_americans
What did Taignoagny and Domagaia tell our Captaine?
But for a resolution of the matter Taignoagny and Domagaia tolde our Captaine, that their Lord Donnacona would by no meanes permit that any of them should goe with him to Hochelaga vnlesse he would leaue him some hostage to stay with him: our Captaine answered them, that if they would not goe with him with a good will, they should stay, and that for all them he would not leaue off his iourney thither. [4]
Who was the chief of Stadacona?
Chief Donnacona (died c. 1539 in France) was the chief of the St. Lawrence Iroquois village of Stadacona, located at the present site of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. [1] French explorer Jacques Cartier, concluding his second voyage to what is now Canada, returned to France with Donnacona. Donnacona was treated well in France but he died there. [2] Later Cartier would make a third voyage to the same area.
Who was the leader of St. Lawrence?
Donnacona, St Lawrence '''Iroquoian''' leader (d in France probably in 1539), headman of the village of Stadacona [near Québec City] during Jacques Cartier's voyages of 1534-36, protested when Cartier raised his cross in Gaspé in July 1534. He was seized, then fêted by Cartier, and agreed to let '''his sons Domagaya and Taignoagy''' return with Cartier to France. In 1535 Cartier reached Stadacona and despite Donnacona's entreaties, pushed on to Hochelaga [Montrreal]. Feeling betrayed, Donnacona broke off relations, leaving the French to fend for themselves during the ensuing winter. As scurvy ravaged the French, Domagaya was prompted to reveal the cure. Cartier used a dispute between Donnacona and a rival as a ruse to draw Donnacona into a meeting, seized him, his sons - 10 captives in all - and carried them off to France. Donnacona was presented to King Francis I, to whom he repeated tales of a rich Kingdom of Saguenay. Donnacona's death in France further embittered relations between the French and the inhabitants of Stadacona.
What did Donnacona do to Cartier?
On 24 July Cartier erected a thirty-foot cross bearing the arms of France, raising Donnacona ’ s suspicions that his “ guests ” apparently had more in mind than trade and friendship. Accompanied by three of his sons and his brothei, Donnacona approached Cartier ’ s ship in a canoe. He spoke vehemently to the Frenchman, “ pointing to the cross and making the sign of the cross with two fingers; then he pointed to the land all around us, as if to say that all the land was his, and that we should not have planted the cross without his leave. ” To pacify them Cartier offered to give Donnacona an axe in exchange for the skin robe he was wearing. When the Indians moved closer to make the trade, the crew seized their canoe and forced the occupants aboard the ship.
Who were the Stadaconans?
Lawrence River. Little is known about these native North Americans beyond Cartier ’ s early descriptions. These St. Lawrence Iroquoians vanished from the historical record after the abandonment of Jean-Fran ç ois de La Roque de Roberval ’ s colony in 1543. When Samuel de Champlain arrived in the St. Lawrence Valley in 1603, he found no trace of them. Still, with careful use of surviving accounts and archaeological evidence, it is possible to describe certain aspects of their culture. The St. Lawrence Iroquoians consisted of at least two distinct groups: the Hochelagans, who lived on Montreal Island, and the Stadaconans, who lived in the vicinity of present-day Quebec City. Although they spoke similar if not identical Iroquoian languages, the Hochelagans and Stadaconans differed in patterns of subsistence and settlement and appear to have been rivals for control of indigenous trade along the St. Lawrence. The Hochelagans lived in a large, palisaded village of about fifteen hundred people and relied quite heavily on agriculture, supplementing their diet seasonally by fishing at nearby camps. The Stadaconans, on the other hand, occupied seven to ten unfortified villages, sited along the north bank of the St. Lawrence upriver from the He d ’ Orl é ans, each numbering no more than five hundred inhabitants. Residing farther downriver and to the north, these Iroquoians followed a less sedentary lifestyle than their upriver neighbors and depended primarily on fishing, gathering, and hunting and only marginally on agriculture. During the winter male hunting parties were absent for long periods. In the summer large groups of men, women, and children moved down the river to the Gasp é Peninsula to fish for mackerel. It was one of these fishing parties that Jacques Cartier encountered in July 1534.
What did Cartier do to the Stadaconans?
Sons Kidnapped. Once aboard, Cartier attempted to reassure the Stadaconans. After a feast he explained that the cross was intended only as a landmark to aid the French in their intended return to the area. He also indicated that he wished to take two of Donnacona ’ s sons, Domagaya and Taignoagny, with him to France, promising to return them on his next visit and bring iron wares and other goods for the Indians. Cartier then dressed Donnacona ’ s two sons in “ shirts and ribbons and in red caps, and put a little brass chain round the neck of each, at which they were greatly pleased. ” Outnumbered and outmaneuvered, Donnacona reluctantly agreed to the plan, and he, his brother, and remaining son were given a hatchet and two knives and departed from the French on seemingly good terms. Actually, such an exchange of children to serve as hostages for good behavior and to be trained as interpreters was not unfamiliar to Donnacona. Native Americans frequently exchanged the progeny of important leaders to cement alliances and secure good relations as well as to provide future interpreters. These hostages, however, were generally taken into the household of the respective chiefs and treated well. Donnacona may very well have had some misgivings about the care his sons would receive and the sincerity of Cartier ’ s promise to return them to their friends and families.
How did Cartier's relationship with the Stadaconans end?
Relations Deteriorate. Cartier ’ s refusal to follow Donnacona ’ s wishes, along with his overtly hostile actions on his return, permanently ended friendly relations with the Stadaconans. The Indians tried to obtain the return of their three children but secured the escape of only the little girl, further angering Cartier. Having second thoughts about antagonizing the Frenchman, they made a fresh approach and cordial, though tense, relations were restored during the winter. The change probably resulted at least in part from the serious hardships the French suffered during the long, severe Canadian winter. The tables were temporarily turned as Cartier found himself playing out a bluff to hide the Europeans ’ weakened, vulnerable condition from the Stadaconans; his company was in dire straits. Once spring arrived, however, relations again deteriorated, and mutual distrust revived. Donnacona and the other Stadaconans began to avoid the French, and, on one occasion, Donnacona feigned sickness to avoid meeting with Cartier.
What did the natives teach Cartier?
The natives taught them to boil the bark of a tree to cure it, saving some of the Frenchmen.
Who taught the natives to boil the bark of a tree?
The natives taught them to boil the bark of a tree to cure it, saving some of the Frenchmen. Cartier survived and urged Chief Donnacona of the Iro quois to accompany him to France to tell the French king the story of the rich Kingdom of Saguenay. Donnacona went to France and met with Francis I sometime in 1537 or 1538, EsoterX states.
What did Cartier say about the Sanguenais?
The Indians told Cartier and his French crew that the Sanguenais ’ lands had large amounts of gold, copper, rubies and other valuable resources. They said the people were numerous, law-abiding, dressed like the white men and had white skin.
Did Cartier kidnap Donnacona?
It is claim ed that Cartier had kidnapped Donnacona to take him to France, though we don’t have access to primary sources. EsoterX says Cartier had earlier forced the two natives to return with him to France, so Cartier, if he did kidnap Donnacona, had already established a modus operandi.
