What is the Pantocrator icon?
The image of Christ Pantocrator was one of the first images of Christ developed in the Early Christian Church and remains a central icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church. In the half-length image, Christ holds the New Testament in his left hand and makes the gesture of teaching or of blessing with his right.
What is Christ Jesus image of?
A similar legend adopted by Western Christianity between the 11th and 14th centuries recounts how, before his death by crucifixion, Christ left an impression of his face on the veil of Saint Veronica, an image known as the volto santo, or “Holy Face.”Jul 22, 2020
What type of art is the Christ Pantocrator?
Christ Pantocrator is a painted wood panel dating back to the 6th century from St. Catherine's Monastery located in Sinai, Egypt. This painting is considered one of the oldest Byzantine religious icons and is the earliest known work of the pantocrator style (Lowden, 66).
What are the portraits of Jesus?
They are portraits of the person and work of the long-promised Messiah, Israel's King and the world's Savior. As portraits, they present four different poses of one unique personality. Matthew by the Holy Spirit presents Christ as King, Mark as Servant, Luke as Man, and John as God.
What is the image and likeness of God?
In other words, for humans to have the conscious recognition of their being in the image of God means that they are the creature throught whom God's plans and purposes can be made known and actualized; humans, in this way, can be seen as co-creators with God.
What are the images of Jesus renowned to Filipino?
of Quiapo, Manila is a beloved image of Jesus among Filipinos. It is a life-size statue of Christ, dressed in a maroon robe, kneeling on one knee, with the cross on his shoulders. It is called "black" because of the dark wood from which it was carved.
What is the technique used to create the Pantocrator image from Saint Catherine's Monastery in Sinai Egypt?
encausticAs with many of the early icons from Sinai, the Christ Pantocrator was created by using this technique, known as encaustic—a medium using hot wax paint—that would rarely continue to be utilized in the Byzantine world after the iconoclastic controversies of the eighth and ninth centuries.
Where does the image of the Pantocrator appear in the Church of Monreale?
The Monreale Pantokrator is set in the distant vaults of the church, far above the spectator. The artist always wanted to maintain Christ's humanity by making His image appear to human in scale to the viewer.
What is the main theme of the artworks produced during the Byzantine period?
The subject matter of monumental Byzantine art was primarily religious and imperial: the two themes are often combined, as in the portraits of later Byzantine emperors that decorated the interior of the sixth-century church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
When was the first picture of Jesus painted?
The oldest extant paintings of Jesus as a person date back to around the late 2nd to 4th century and are primarily found in Roman catacombs. These early paintings were simple and often showed Jesus performing good deeds.
What is the image of Jesus in the Gospel of John?
John's Gospel is best known for its presentation of Jesus as the Word of God made flesh. But as the narrative unfolds, readers discover that the identity of Jesus is surprisingly complex. He is depicted as a teacher, a healer, a prophet, and Messiah.Oct 18, 2018
What are the most common visual representation of Holy Spirit?
doveThe Holy Spirit is often depicted as a dove, based on the account of the Holy Spirit descending like a dove on Jesus at his baptism.
What does Christ the Pantocrator represent?
The icon Christ Pantocrator emphasizes Jesus’ omnipotence, his power to do anything. Jesus is the “Ruler of All” who sustains all things. The symbolism of Christ Pantocrator (explained below) borrows from Roman imperial imagery to project his sovereign power.
What motif did the Jesus pantokrator iconography reflect?
Christ Pantocrator “Pantocrator” means “All-Ruler.” This icon shows Christ as Creator, Savior, and Judge. He looks right at us in compassion, but demanding a response. His hand is raised in blessing. He holds the book of the Gospels, the good news of salvation for all who will receive Him.
Where does the mosaic Christ Pantocrator could be seen?
Jesus Christ as Pantocrator is a mosaic dating back to 1080-1100 that sits in the main dome of the Church of Dormition in Daphni, Greece (Herbert, 20).
What is a Pantocrator quizlet?
Pantocrator. In Christian art, the image of Christ as ruler and judge of heaven and earth.
What does IC XC stand for?
Partly abbreviated form of the Greek ᾽Ιησου̑ς Ξριστὸς νίκα, “ Jesus Christ, conquer,” or ᾽Ιησου̑ς Ξριστὸς νικι̑, “Jesus Christ conquers” (DOC 3.1:231). Inspired by Constantine I’s vision at the Milvian Bridge
What were Byzantine icons?
The word “icon” comes from the Greek eik̄n, so “icon” simply means image. In the Eastern Roman “Byzantine” Empire and other lands that shared Byzantium’s Orthodox Christian faith, “holy icons” were images of sacred figures and events., or of honorable angels, or of any saint or holy man.”
When was the first depiction of Jesus?
The oldest known portrait of Jesus, found in Syria and dated to about 235, shows him as a beardless young man of authoritative and dignified bearing. He is depicted dressed in the style of a young philosopher, with close-cropped hair and wearing a tunic and pallium—signs of good breeding in Greco-Roman society.
What is the symbolism of Christ Pantocrator?
The icon Christ Pantocrator emphasizes Jesus’ omnipotence, his power to do anything. Jesus is the “Ruler of All” who sustains all things. The symbolism of Christ Pantocrator (explained below) borrows from Roman imperial imagery to project his sovereign power.
What are the two variations of Christ Pantocrator?
There are two variations of Christ Pantocrator that appear in Cappadocian cave churches—“Christ in Glory” and “Diesis.” They are both the same as Christ Pantocrator, but have additional figures at his side.
What are the four animals that surround Jesus?
for ever and ever!”. In the image of Pantocrator, four animals may also surround Jesus. These are the four living creatures in the Old Testament prophets Ezekiel and Daniel. For early Christians the creatures symbolize the four Evangelists—Matthew (man), Mark (lion), John (eagle), and Luke (ox).
What is the abbreviation for Jesus?
This is an abbreviation of Jesus’ name, made from first and last letters of the Greek IHCOYC (Jesus) XPICTOC (Christ). In his left hand, Jesus holds a book (sometimes a scroll). Because of the book, Christ Pantocrator is also called Christ the Teacher.
What is the meaning of Jesus' right hand?
In Christ Pantocrator, Jesus' oratorical hand gesture declares he has something important to say. In Byzantine art and theology, this gesture also indicates a blessing. Christ Pantocrator pronounces a divine blessing of mercy. Orthodox priests’ use the same gesture to bless during the liturgy. And most interesting is the exact shape of Jesus’ figures. They bend and twist to form the letters “IC XC.” This is an abbreviation of Jesus’ name, made from first and last letters of the Greek IHCOYC (Jesus) XPICTOC (Christ).
What does the word "pantocrator" mean?
The Meaning—Almighty Ruler. The word Pantocrator means “Almighty,” or “All-powerful.”. In the Greek version of the Old Testament (LXX), pantocrator is the translation of “Lord of Hosts” and “God Almighty.”. In the book of Revelation, pantocrator appears nine times as a title that emphasizes God’s sovereignty and power.
What is Jesus' hair?
He has long brown hair and a beard. Jesus holds a book representing the Gospel in his left hand, and the other hand gestures a blessing. A cruciform halo surrounds Jesus’ head, and the letters “IC XC” are written above the halo. The scene includes only the upper half of Jesus’ body.
What does the Pantocrator mean in the Bible?
Christ Pantocrator has come to suggest Christ as a mild but stern, all-powerful judge of humanity. When the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek as the Septuagint, Pantokrator was used both for YHWH Sabaoth " Lord of Hosts " and for El Shaddai " God Almighty ".
What is the Pantocrator?
Pantocrator or Pantokrator, usually translated as "Almighty" or "all-powerful", is derived from one of many names of God in Judaism . The Pantokrator, largely an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic theological conception, ...
What is the oldest icon of Christ?
The oldest known icon of Christ Pantocrator, encaustic on panel ( Saint Catherine's Monastery ). The two different facial expressions on either side may emphasize Christ's two natures as fully God and fully human.
What is the IC in Greek?
The IC is composed of the Greek characters iota (Ι) and lunate sigma (C; instead of Σ, ς)—the first and last letters of 'Jesus' in Greek ( Ἰησοῦς ); in XC the letters are chi (Χ) and again the lunate sigma—the first and last letters of 'Christ' in Greek ( Χριστός ).
When was the Pantocrator painted?
The oldest known surviving example of the icon of Christ Pantocrator was painted in encaustic on panel in the sixth or seventh century, and survived the period of destruction of images during the Iconoclastic disputes that twice racked the Eastern church, 726 to 787 and 814 to 842.
What is the name of the book that Christ holds?
An icon where Christ has an open book is called "Christ the Teacher", a variant of the Pantocrator. Christ is bearded, his brown hair centrally parted, and his head is surrounded by a halo.
Where is the Pantokrator in the church?
Generally speaking, in Medieval eastern roman church art and architecture, an iconic mosaic or fresco of Christ Pantokrator occupies the space in the central dome of the church, in the half-dome of the apse, or on the nave vault.
What does the word "pantocrator" mean?
Christ As Pantocrator. Christ as Pantocrator, meaning “Almighty, All Powerful,” is the Greek word used by Paul to describe the Lord in II Corinthians 6:18 and by John nine times in the Book of Revelation: 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 16:14; 19:6; 19:15 and 21:22. This is the oldest known painting of Jesus of Nazareth.
Where is the Pantocrator mosaic?
There is another famous mosaic of the Pantocrator in the Hagia Sophia, once a church, then a mosque and now a museum, in Istanbul, Turkey.
What is encaustic painting?
Encaustic (from the Greek word “enkaustikos” meaning “to burn in”) painting is, also, known as hot wax painting—heated beeswax to which colored pigments are added and then applied to a surface. Encautic painting with wax, hot or cold, as a medium goes back thousands of years.
When was Jesus of Nazareth painted?
This is the oldest known painting of Jesus of Nazareth. It was once dated to the 1200’s, but after it was cleaned in 1962 and the original encaustic layer exposed, it was re-dated to the 500‘s under the reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565).
When was Punic Wax used in painting?
Dioscorides (40-90 AD), in De Materia Medica 2.105 describes how cold Punic Wax used in painting was made. The mummy portraits found at Fayum in Egypt dating to the late centuries BC, early centuries AD are breathtaking examples of the Punic Wax technique.
How tall is the Christ Pantocrator?
With a height of 84 cm, width of 45.5 cm, and a thickness of 1.2 cm, the icon was originally taller and wider before its top and sides were cut. Otherwise there is only one spot with major damage, a large portion of Christ’s hair on his left side, including his left ear and shoulder. The original encaustic surface has continually been preserved in excellent condition overall. As with many of the early icons from Sinai, the Christ Pantocrator was created by using this technique, known as encaustic—a medium using hot wax paint—that would rarely continue to be utilized in the Byzantine world after the iconoclastic controversies of the eighth and ninth centuries. In fact, the monastery at Sinai is the only place in the world where a substantial number of these encaustic icons, particularly those dating from as early as the sixth century, have been preserved. During the Period of Byzantine Iconoclasm, the production of Orthodox icons continued at Sinai, whereas they were being destroyed in Constantinople.
What is the name of the icon of the Pantocrator?
Christ Pantocrator (Sinai) The Christ Pantocrator of St. Catherine’s Monastery at Sinai is one of the oldest Byzantine religious icons, dating from the 6th century AD. It is the earliest known version of the pantocrator style that still survives today, and is regarded by historians and scholars to be one of the most important ...
What does the icon of Christ represent?
Many agree that the icon represents the dual nature of Christ, illustrating traits of both man and God, perhaps influenced by the aftermath of the ecumenical councils of the previous century at Ephesus and Chalcedon. Christ’s features on his left side (the viewer's right) are supposed to represent the qualities of his human nature, while his right side (the viewer's left) represents his divinity. His right hand is shown opening outward, signifying his gift of blessing, while the left hand and arm is clutching a thick Gospel book.
What does the left hand of Christ mean?
Christ’s features on his left side (the viewer's right) are supposed to represent the qualities of his human nature, while his right side (the viewer's left) represents his divinity. His right hand is shown opening outward, signifying his gift of blessing, while the left hand and arm is clutching a thick Gospel book.
