Book 22 Eventually, Apollo Apollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. The national divinity of the Greeks, Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases… In Greek mythology, Achilles or Achilleus was a hero of the Trojan War, the greatest of all the Greek warriors, and is the central character of Homer's Iliad. He was the son of the Nereid Thetis and Peleus, king of Phthia.Apollo
Achilles
Hector
In Greek mythology and Roman mythology, Hector was a Trojan prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the Trojan War. He acted as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defence of Troy, "killing 31,000 Greek fighters", offers Hyginus.
What happens to Troy in book 22 of the Iliad?
Inextricably linked with Hector's doom, the impending doom of Troy lies especially heavy in Book 22. Priam foresees, as Andromache did in Book 7, that Troy will fall without Hector.
Who is Ares in the Iliad Book 22?
The Iliad - Book 22- The death of Hector Reading time: about 42 minutes Powerpoint of Achilles in Books 18-24 Ares (Mars in Latin) is the god of war (315). Preparation for Hector’s death. Even Hector realizes the inevitability of his impending death.
What happens at the end of the Iliad?
Although the Iliad begins by outlining its subject as the wrath of Achilles, the poem ends with the burial of Hector. Hector is a different kind of hero than Achilles, less godlike but more connected to the people around him. All the people of Troy grieve his loss, and the three Trojan women testify to his humane qualities.
How does Hector die in the Iliad?
The gods debate concerning the fate of Hector; at length Minerva descends to the aid of Achilles. She deludes Hector in the shape of Deiphobus; he stands the combat, and is slain. Achilles drags the dead body at his chariot in the sight of Priam and Hecuba. Their lamentations, tears, and despair.
What is the theme of Book 22 of the Iliad?
The theme of The Iliad book XXII Is honor and glory because one of the central ideas of the Iliad is the honor that soldiers earn in combat. For an ancient Greek man, the ability to perform in battle is the single greatest source of worthiness.
Why is Achilles furious with Hector at the beginning of Book 22?
The Iliad Book 22 In Book 21, Achilles is still furious over Hector killing his cousin Patroclus. He maneuvers the Trojans into the river Xanthus, and as the Trojans arrive at the riverbank, Achilles slaughters many of them, including King Priam's son Lycaon.
What was Priam's advice to Hektor in Book 22?
Even Hector realizes the inevitability of his impending death. Homer sets the scene: Priam sees Achilles coming on and advises Hector not to wait outside the walls to meet Achilles but to fight from inside the walls. Priam realizes that his death will be wretched.
What happens in Book 24 of the Iliad?
Summary: Book 24 Finally, on the twelfth day after Hector's death, Apollo persuades Zeus that Achilles must let Hector's body be ransomed. Zeus sends Thetis to bring the news to Achilles, while Iris goes to Priam to instruct him to initiate the ransom.
How does Athena trick Hector in Book 22?
During Hector's fourth circle around the city walls, Athena appears before him, disguised as his ally Deiphobus, and convinces him that together they can take Achilles.
What does Achilles do with Hector's body Book 22?
Hektor dies reminding Achilles that his own death is imminent. All the Achaians run up to see the corpse of the almost-mythic, now-dead Trojan leader. Many of them jest and stab Hektor's corpse. Achilles strips off Hektor's armor and fastens his naked body to his chariot by the heels.
Which God deceives Hector in Iliad 22?
Athene deceived Hector with her words and her disguise, and led him on till he and Achilles met. Hector of the gleaming helm spoke first: 'I will not run from you, as before, son of Peleus.
Who does Athena disguise herself as in the Iliad Book 22?
DeiphobusAthena disguises herself as Deiphobus and tells Hector the two of them should go fight Achilles together. Hector is thrilled to see his brother has dared to come out of Troy to help him.
What animal is Hektor compared to in Book 22?
As he stands before the walls of his city in book 22, Hektor is compared to a snake, coiled to strike an intruder.
What event in book 24 eventually ends Achilles anger?
Achilles' kindness to Priam in Book XXIV ends the warrior's wrath and brings the work full circle — the war situation is not essentially different from the way it was at the start.
Who killed Achilles?
the Trojan prince ParisHow does Achilles die? Achilles is killed by an arrow, shot by the Trojan prince Paris. In most versions of the story, the god Apollo is said to have guided the arrow into his vulnerable spot, his heel. In one version of the myth Achilles is scaling the walls of Troy and about to sack the city when he is shot.
Who ends up killing Patroclus?
While fighting, Patroclus' wits were removed by Apollo, after which Patroclus was hit by the spear of Euphorbos. Hector then killed Patroclus by stabbing him in the stomach with a spear.
Why was Achilles angry at Hector?
Later, with Apollo's help, Hector killed Patroclus, the best friend of the great Greek warrior Achilles, and stole his armor, which actually belonged to Achilles. Enraged by the death of his friend, Achilles reconciled with Agamemnon and joined the other Greeks in fighting against the Trojans in order to pursue Hector.
Why is Achilles angry at Apollo at the opening of Book 22?
Achilles is angered that Apollo has prevented him from gaining more glory, and begins running toward the walls of Troy. Hector is the only Trojan standing outside the city's walls, waiting to fight Achilles to the death. By running from Achilles, Apollo prolongs his distraction, saving more Trojan lives.
Why was Achilles furious?
Achilles is initially angry because the leader of the Greek forces, King Agamemnon, takes a captive woman named Briseis from him. Early Greek society was highly competitive and a man's honour was vital to his sense of identity and position.
Why is Achilles raging at the beginning of book one?
In Book I, the rage of Achilles finds its form as a result of Agamemnon ignoring the priest of Apollo, causing the god to send a plague to the Achaeans. Achilles, frustrated with Agamemnon's tenuous leadership, publicly berates him.
Who tricked Achilles into letting the Trojans escape?
Apollo reveals he has tricked Achilles into letting the Trojans escape, and Achilles runs back to Troy like a deadly star. Despite the pleas of his parents, Hector waits outside the gates alone. But when Achilles approaches, Hector breaks and runs in fear. Achilles chases him around the plain of Troy, always blocking him from the city. Apollo gives Hector extra strength to flee for a time, but Zeus's scales declare his doom, and Apollo departs. Disguising herself as Hector's brother Deiphobus, Athena pledges to help him fight Achilles so that Hector will stand and fight.
What does Hector say about Achilles?
Hector proposes a pact that the winner will not mutilate the loser's body, but Achilles has only rage in his heart, saying, "There are no binding oaths between men and lions." Achilles throws his spear first, and Hector dodges. Unbeknownst to Hector, Athena then brings Achilles's spear back to him. Hector's spear throw hits Achilles's shield dead center—and bounces off. Hector calls to Deiphobus for another spear, but there is no one there.
What brings Hector to his doom?
Pride and honor finally bring Hector to his doom. Waiting at the gates, he recognizes "reckless pride" made him reject Polydamas's advice, and now he can't retreat without facing dishonor. Andromache regrets Hector's "fatal headstrong pride" that doesn't allow him to give ground to anyone. However, that is also part of what makes him honorable and heroic. Even as he begs Hector to return to the city, Priam fears the disgrace of dying an old man in a conquered city (a fate he will soon suffer), suggesting it is better to die young gloriously.
What book does Andromache learn about Hector's death?
Inextricably linked with Hector's doom, the impending doom of Troy lies especially heavy in Book 22. Priam foresees, as Andromache did in Book 7 , that Troy will fall without Hector. This makes the scene in which Andromache learns of Hector's death especially poignant. She fears the fate of their son, who will lack status without a father. Tragically, as Homer 's audience knew, his fate is much worse.
Does Hector run from Achilles?
Hector's vow to never run from Achilles goes out the window when they come face to face. Whether or not it was intended, the image of fighters running after each other across an empty battlefield is a bit comical. However, the stakes—Hector's life—could not be more serious. This scene also contains a striking simile, comparing the chase to a nightmare in which the dreamer can never catch what he is chasing, a theme different from that of any other simile in the poem.
What happens when Achilleus and Hektor are in the city?
As Achilleus nears Hektor, the Trojan’s courage fails, and he begins to retreat in terror. Achilleus relentlessly chases Hektor around the city walls as the Troj an tries unsuccessfully to dash for the gates and get inside. As they complete three full laps around the city, Zeus holds up his golden scales and puts a fate of death in each pan. When Hektor’s doom sinks down, Apollo leaves him to his fate.
Who does Athene appear to?
Athene then appears to Hektor in the guise of Deiphobos, one of his brothers. Believing that he will have help in fighting Achilleus, Hektor turns to face him. He swears that if Achilleus is slain, his body will be returned to the Achaians, and requests a similar oath from Achilleus. Achilleus, however, refuses to make any promises.
What is the difference between Hektor and Achilleus?
While Hektor offers to treat Achilleus’ body with respect if he is the one killed, Achilleus will make no comparable promise. While much of the gesture can be explained by the fact that Hektor believes he will be the one destroyed, the act still shows his nature. Achilleus is blinded by rage, mad with grief, starving, and sleepless. The Achaian is bound by his code of honor to avenge Patroklos, yet he knows that means he is giving up his own life as well. He seems almost inhuman as he meets his enemy. Hektor, however, remains very human, showing a range of emotions from despair to hope to ultimate resignation. Hektor is the only character that appears in every single book of the Iliad ,and Homer has developed this character more than any other. The full depth of that development is revealed in his final living moments.
What is Achilleus' best option?
He decides his best option is fighting . As Achilleus nears Hektor, the Trojan’s courage fails, and he begins to retreat in terror. Achilleus relentlessly chases Hektor around the city walls as the Trojan tries unsuccessfully to dash for the gates and get inside.
What is Achilleus' treatment of the body?
Achilleus’ treatment of the body is the culmination of the mutilation theme that has run throughout the epic. While mutilation has been threatened over and over, there are no other examples of such ill treatment in the poem. Mutilation of corpses was actually a common practice in the time period, and the Iliad is unique in that it does not describe more such abominations. While there are battles fought over bodies and we can assume that they were not treated kindly if won by the other side, we are never privy to the details. The effect is a powerful focus on the horror of the act as described in this book.
What does Hektor's parents do when he dies?
Hektor’s parents are overcome with grief for their son’s death; they weep and moan loudly. The other Trojans join them in their cries, and eventually the sound carries to Andromache. She rushes out to find the reason for the wailing. As she hears of Hektor’s death, she faints. The book ends with the Trojan women mourning their fallen leader.
Who is the only Trojan left outside Troy?
Hector now stands as the only Trojan left outside Troy. Priam, overlooking the battlefield from the Trojan ramparts, begs him to come inside, but Hector, having given the overconfident order for the Trojans to camp outside their gates the night before, now feels too ashamed to join them in their retreat. When Achilles finally returns from chasing Apollo (disguised as Agenor), Hector confronts him. At first, the mighty Trojan considers trying to negotiate with Achilles, but he soon realizes the hopelessness of his cause and flees. He runs around the city three times, with Achilles at his heels. Zeus considers saving Hector , but Athena persuades him that the mortal’s time has come. Zeus places Hector ’s and Achilles’ respective fates on a golden scale, and, indeed, Hector ’s sinks to the ground.
Who killed Patroclus?
The Trojan Asteropaeus, given fresh strength by the god of the river, makes a valiant stand, but Achilles kills him as well. The vengeful Achilles has no intention of sparing any Trojans now that they have killed Patroclus. He throws so many corpses into the river that its channels become clogged.
How does Achilles compare to Hector?
While Achilles proves superior to Hector in terms of strength and endurance, he emerges as inferior in terms of integrity. His mistreatment of Hector’s body is a disgrace, compounded by the cruelty in which he allows the rank and file of his army to indulge. As we have seen, Achilles engages in such indignities quite routinely and does so not out of any real principle but out of uncontrollable rage. Hector, on the other hand, entirely redeems whatever flaws he displays in the preceding books. His refusal to return to the safety of Troy’s walls after witnessing the deaths brought about by his foolish orders to camp outside the city demonstrates his mature willingness to suffer the consequences of his actions. His rejection of a desperate attempt at negotiation in favor of the honorable course of battle reveals his ingrained sense of personal dignity. His attempt to secure from Achilles a mutual guarantee that the winner treat the loser’s corpse with respect highlights his decency. Finally, his last stab at glory by charging Achilles even after he learns that the gods have abandoned him and that his death is imminent makes his heroism and courage obvious. While Hector dies in this scene, the values that he represents—nobility, self-restraint, and respect—arguably survive him. Indeed, Achilles later comes around to an appreciation of these very values after realizing the faults of his earlier brutality and self-centered rage.
What does Hector do when he finds his friend gone?
He and Achilles exchange spear throws, but neither scores a hit. Hector turns to Deiphobus to ask him for a lance; when he finds his friend gone, he realizes that the gods have betrayed him. In a desperate bid for glory, he charges Achilles.
How many times does Achilles run around the city?
He runs around the city three times , with Achilles at his heels. Zeus considers saving Hector, but Athena persuades him that the mortal’s time has come.
What is the speech of Priam comparing the glorious death of a hero with the humiliating death of?
Priam’s speech comparing the glorious death of a hero with the humiliating death of an old man in a fallen city comes across as particularly heartbreaking if we know, as Homer’s audience did, that Priam himself will soon meet the very death that he describes, amid the ruins of Troy.
What is Achilles' last stab at glory?
Finally, his last stab at glory by charging Achilles even after he learns that the gods have abandoned him and that his death is imminent makes his heroism and courage obvious.
What is the book 22 of Homer?
Homer, . (1899). Book 22: The Death of Hector. The Iliad(Lit2Go Edition). Retrieved November 15, 2021, from https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/117/the-iliad/2029/book-22-the-death-of-hector/
What do the herded Ilians rush like?
The herded Ilians rush like driven deer:
Who pursued Hector in the battle?
Achilles pursues him thrice round the walls of Troy. The gods debate concerning the fate of Hector; at length Minerva descends to the aid of Achilles. She deludes Hector in the shape of Deiphobus; he stands the combat, and is slain. Achilles drags the dead body at his chariot in the sight of Priam and Hecuba.
What does Full at the Scaean Gates expect?
Full at the Scaean gates expects the war;
What is the parallel between Hector and Achilles?
Mueller points out the parallel between Achilles' and Hector's recognitions of their prior mistakes, how their choices now bind them, in their eyes, to courses of action that will bring their destructions. But Hector, unlike Achilles, sees less clearly and believes that he may be the equal of Achilles (Mueller 62).
What does Hector propose in the pact?
Hector proposes a pact in which both would promise that the winner allow the loser's comrades to rescue the corpse for proper burial (306).
What book is Hector in?
The Iliad - Book 22- The death of Hector
Who said "I smashed your strength"?
Achilles: "I smashed your strength! And you—the dogs and birds will maul you, shame your corpse while Achaeans bury my dear friend in glory!" (395-7)
Did Homer judge Hector harshly?
But notice, as Mueller interprets the passage, that Homer does not judge Hector harshly for fleeing: "and the one who fled was great but the one pursuing greater, even greater" (189). Mueller sees Hector's flight as his first honestact (p. 62).
What is the subject of the Iliad?
Although the Iliad begins by outlining its subject as the wrath of Achilles , the poem ends with the burial of Hector. Hector is a different kind of hero than Achilles, less godlike but more connected to the people around him. All the people of Troy grieve his loss, and the three Trojan women testify to his humane qualities.
What does Homer say about the scene of the judgment?
Homer never describes the scene of the Judgment, but indicates that Paris’ choice led to Hera’s anger at this precise moment. Active Themes. Twelve days after Hector ’s death, Apollo addresses the gods. He tells them that Hector always respected the gods, and that Achilles has no decency for desecrating his body.
What does Achilles do in the funeral games?
The funeral games end, but Achilles continues to be consumed by grief for Patroclus. Flooded with memories, he repeatedly uses his chariot to drag Hector ’s body around Patroclus’ tomb. Apollo, pitying Hector, protects his body from harm and decay.
Why does Achilles tell Priam to sleep outside?
Achilles tells Priam to sleep outside so that he will not be discovered. Finally, Priam asks for eleven days of truce to mourn and bury Hector, to which Achilles agrees. The meal between Achilles and Priam is a moment of silent unity as the two men share in each other’s grief.
Why does Thetis fly to Achilles side?
Thetis flies to Achilles side to comfort him. Achilles is still choked with sorrow. Thetis asks Achilles how long he will grieve, and then tells him of Zeus’ decree to release Hector ’s body. Achilles agrees, saying that he will not resist the will of the gods.
Why does Hera not allow the Trojans to steal the body?
They ask the god Hermes to steal the body away, but Hera, bent on shaming the Trojans, will not allow it because of her hate of all Trojans resulting from the Judgment of Paris, when Paris favored Aphrodite 's beauty over that of Athena and Hera, eventually leading to the conflict with the Achaeans.
What is Achilles filled with?
Achilles is filled with anguish, but he overcomes that grief to show his respect to the gods.
