What is the meaning of the term strap knife rigidity?
You have 3 more open access pages. Clasp knife rigidity describes the phenomenon in a spastic limb where, after an initial resistance to passive movement of a joint, there is a sudden reduction in tone and the limb moves quite freely through the rest of the range of the particular movement.
What is another name for clasp reflex?
Called also clasp-knife reflex. cogwheel rigidity tension in a muscle that gives way in little jerks when the muscle is passively stretched; seen in parkinson's disease. decerebrate rigidity see decerebrate rigidity. decorticate rigidity see decorticate rigidity.
What is the clasp-knife response?
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Clasp-knife response refers to a Golgi tendon reflex with a rapid decrease in resistance when attempting to flex a joint, usually during a neurological examination.
What is rigidity?
Definition [edit | edit source] Rigidity is a hypertonic state characterized by constant resistance throughout range of motion that is independent of the velocity of movement. It is the result of excessive supraspinal drive (upper motor neuron facilitation) acting on alpha motor neurons; spinal reflex mechanisms are typically normal.
What causes clasp knife rigidity?
What causes a clasp-knife response? The clasp-knife response indicates an upper motor neuron lesion or damage. The upper motor neurons originate in the cerebral cortex (i.e., the outermost portion of the brain) and travel down toward the spinal cord.
What does clasp knife mean?
Definition of clasp knife : pocketknife especially : a large one-bladed folding knife having a catch to hold the blade open.
How do you elicit clasp knife rigidity?
0:000:44Simulation of Clasp knife and Cog wheel rigidity - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipBut gives away abruptly to allow easy flexion on exertion of further pressure this movementMoreBut gives away abruptly to allow easy flexion on exertion of further pressure this movement resembles that of a clasp neck. A series of caches appears during passive flexion of the extremities.
What is the other name of clasp knife reflex?
Called also paradoxical pupillary reflex.
Where is clasp knife rigidity found?
Clasp knife rigidity describes the phenomenon in a spastic limb where, after an initial resistance to passive movement of a joint, there is a sudden reduction in tone and the limb moves quite freely through the rest of the range of the particular movement.
What is difference between spasticity and rigidity?
Whereas spasticity arises as a result of damage to the corticoreticulospinal (pyramidal) tracts, rigidity is caused by dysfunction of extrapyramidal pathways, most commonly the basal ganglia, but also as a result of lesions of the mesencephalon and spinal cord.
What diseases do you see clasp-knife upper motor neuron rigidity and spasticity?
With upper motor neuron lesions the muscles, after an initial period of rigidity and resistance to movement, suddenly relax or give way, the so-called “clasp-knife” rigidity. Additionally, patients with Parkinson's disease may show a cogwheel type of rigidity.
How do you assess rigidity?
Examination. The examiner should hold the hand of the patent above the wrist with one hand and keep it fixed. With other hand he grasps the fingers and the palm and then slowly rotate along the long axis of the hand. If there is rigidity, the examiner will experience resistance during the movement.
What is rigidity in Parkinson's?
Rigidity is one of the leading symptoms of Parkinson's disease and it's characterized by muscle stiffness. While the level of severity varies, there are treatment options available that can lessen the intensity and slow the progression of rigidity.
What do you mean by clasped?
1 : to fasten with or as if with a clasp a robe clasped with a brooch. 2 : to enclose and hold with the arms specifically : embrace. 3 : to seize with or as if with the hand : grasp.
What does clonus mean?
Clonus is a rhythmic, oscillating, stretch reflex, the cause of which is not totally known; however, it relates to lesions in upper motor neurons and therefore is generally accompanied by hyperreflexia.
Is there any neurological condition in which extended limb show clasp knife reaction?
Clinically spasticity manifests as an increased resistance offered by muscles to passive stretching (lengthening) and is often associated with other commonly observed phenomenon like clasp-knife phenomenon, increased tendon reflexes, clonus, and flexor and extensor spasms.
What diseases do you see clasp knife upper motor neuron rigidity and spasticity?
With upper motor neuron lesions the muscles, after an initial period of rigidity and resistance to movement, suddenly relax or give way, the so-called “clasp-knife” rigidity. Additionally, patients with Parkinson's disease may show a cogwheel type of rigidity.
What do you mean by clasped?
1 : to fasten with or as if with a clasp a robe clasped with a brooch. 2 : to enclose and hold with the arms specifically : embrace. 3 : to seize with or as if with the hand : grasp.
What does clonus test for?
Clonus can exist as a physical examination finding; it is a marker of hyperreflexia, which is part of an upper motor neuron syndrome and is generally accompanied by spasticity and manifests as a central nervous system insult.
Is there any neurological condition in which extended limb show clasp knife reaction?
Clinically spasticity manifests as an increased resistance offered by muscles to passive stretching (lengthening) and is often associated with other commonly observed phenomenon like clasp-knife phenomenon, increased tendon reflexes, clonus, and flexor and extensor spasms.
What is the reflex of the golgi?
It was thought that this was a protective reflex, preventing application of so much force that muscles become damaged. More recent work strongly suggests that tendon organs are not involved in the clasp knife reflex, but that other sensory receptors in muscles are responsible.
What causes muscle tonus to increase?
Cause. When a joint is passively flexed, the resisting force comes from the stretch reflex (or sometimes called tendon reflex) resulting from the extensor muscle being stretched. In upper motor neuron lesions, muscle tonus may increase and resistance of muscle to stretch increases.
What is a Clasp Knife response?
Clasp-knife response refers to a Golgi tendon reflex with a rapid decrease in resistance when attempting to flex a joint, usually during a neurological examina tion. It is one of the characteristic responses of an upper motor neuron lesion.
What is passive flexion of the elbow?
Passive flexion of elbow meets immediate resistance due to stretch reflex in the triceps muscle. Further stretch activates inverse stretch reflex. The resistance to flexion suddenly collapses, and the elbow flexes. Continued passive flexion stretches the muscle and the sequence may be repeated.
Does stretching the triceps increase resistance?
As the muscle tone increases, resistance against flexion of the limb increases as well. However, when flexion is continued, further stretching of the triceps muscle activates an inverse stretch reflex that relaxes the muscle due to autogenic inhibition.
What is the term for Parkinson's disease that is characterized by a ratchet-like jer?
The rigidity of Parkinson disease may be characterized as either “lead pipe” or “cogwheel.”. Cogwheel Rigidity - Refers to a hypertonic state with superimposed ratchet-like jerkiness and is commonly seen in upper extremity movements (e.g., wrist or elbow flexion and extension).
What is rigidity in motor neuron?
Definition. Rigidity is a hypertonic state characterized by constant resistance throughout range of motion that is independent of the velocity of movement. It is the result of excessive supraspinal drive (upper motor neuron facilitation) acting on alpha motor neurons; spinal reflex mechanisms are typically normal.
What happens when the balance of inhibition and excitation in the basal ganglia and motor cortex is upset?
When the balance of inhibition and excitation in the basal ganglia and motor cortex is upset, the symptoms and signs of rigidity and involuntary movements supervene along with abnormalities of posture and associated movement.
What is lead pipe rigidity?
Lead Pipe Rigidity - Refers to hypertonic state throughout the range of motion i.e simultaneous co-contraction of agonists and antagonists and this is reflected in an immediate resistance to a reversal of the direction of movement about a joint.
What are the two cardinal features of Parkinson's disease?
However, our current understanding of basal ganglia pathophysiology does not provide an adequate explanation for the two other cardinal features of Parkinson’s disease, namely, rigidity and tremor . Several factors may contribute to rigidity of which some include -.
Why is relaxation better in Parkinson's patients?
In patients with Parkinson disease, relaxation may be better achieved in the sitting or standing positions because rigidity may increase in the supine position. Since the proximal muscles are often more involved than the distal muscles, relaxation may be easier to achieve by following a distal-to-proximal progression.
How to determine if a patent is rigid?
The examiner should hold the hand of the patent above the wrist with one hand and keep it fixed. With other hand he grasps the fingers and the palm and then slowly rotate along the long axis of the hand. If there is rigidity, the examiner will experience resistance during the movement. If the cogwheel phenomenon is positive, the examiner will experience interruption or repeated catch during the movement and if present throughout without any interruption or change with respect to velocity, it is lead-pipe rigidity. Generally in case of idiopathic Parkinson disease only unilateral rigidity is seen which can be compared during the examination with the contralateral side.
Overview
Clasp-knife response refers to a Golgi tendon reflex with a rapid decrease in resistance when attempting to flex a joint, usually during a neurological examination. It is one of the characteristic responses of an upper motor neuron lesion. It gets its name from the resemblance between the motion of the limb and the sudden closing of a claspknife after sufficient pressure is applied.
Cause
When a joint is passively flexed, the resisting force comes from the stretch reflex (or sometimes called tendon reflex) resulting from the extensor muscle being stretched. In upper motor neuron lesions, muscle tonus may increase and resistance of muscle to stretch increases. However, if sufficient force is applied, limb resistance suddenly decreases, presumably mediated by the Golgi tendon reflex (also call autogenic inhibition).
Mechanism
This reflex is observed in patients with upper motor neuron lesions. It was frequently attributed to the action of the golgi tendon organ, likely because of early studies showing that tendon organs are activated by strong muscle stretch and inhibit motoroneurons of the stretched muscle. It was thought that this was a protective reflex, preventing application of so much force that muscles become damaged. More recent work strongly suggests that tendon organs are not involved in th…
Example
Passive flexion of elbow meets immediate resistance due to stretch reflex in the triceps muscle. Further stretch activates inverse stretch reflex. The resistance to flexion suddenly collapses, and the elbow flexes. Continued passive flexion stretches the muscle and the sequence may be repeated.
As the muscle tone increases, resistance against flexion of the limb increases as well. However, …
See also
• Hypertonia
External links
• Lib.mcg.edu