What is low biuret urea made of?
About Low Biuret Urea. Low Biuret Urea is a white, solid, cylindrical pellet. It is manufactured by compressing pure urea crystals in a pelletizing process which avoids the melting and heating of the urea where the majority of biuret is formed. It is an organic amide molecule containing 46% nitrogen in the form of amine groups.
What does it mean when your urea is low?
Low Urea Levels. Low urea levels are often not of great concern. However, in some cases, they point to underlying issues: Low-protein diet, malnutrition, or starvation [3] Impaired liver activity due to liver disease, often linked to alcohol abuse [3, 7] Overuse of anabolic steroids, which decrease protein breakdown [8]
What is the maximum amount of nitrogen in biuret?
Total Nitrogen (as N), Wt. % Moisture, Wt. % 0.3 (Max.) Biuret, Wt. % 0.25 (Max.) 1 (Max.) 10 (Max.) 10 (max.) 2.0 (max.) Urea, Dry – Urea is a mild skin irritant and may irritate the eyes , nose, and throat.
Is it normal to have low urea levels in pregnancy?
Low urea levels are not common and are not usually a cause for concern. They can be seen in severe liver disease or malnutrition but are not used to diagnose or monitor these conditions. Low urea levels are also seen in normal pregnancy. Urea levels increase with age and also with the amount of protein in your diet. What causes a low urea level?
What is biuret content in urea?
The British Fertilizer Regulation issued in 1973, defines urea as commercially produced urea containing not more than 1.5 % biuret (Cook, 1978).
How do you reduce biuret in urea?
The biuret content of biuret-containing urea is reduced by contacting a solution or melt of biuret-containing urea with a polar adsorbent under conditions sufficient to remove at least a portion of biuret from the urea.
What is the permissible limit of biuret in urea?
Urea (Granular) (i) Moisture per cent by weight, maximum 1.0 (ii) Total nitrogen per cent by weight (on dry basis), minimum 46.0 (iii) Biuret per cent by weight, maximum 1.5 (iv) Particle size -—Not less than 90 per cent of the material shall pass through 4 mm IS sieve and be retained on 2 mm IS sieve.
What is biuret in fertilizer?
Also known as carbamylurea, it results from the condensation of two equivalents of urea. As such, it is an undesirable impurity in urea-based fertilizers. As biuret is toxic to plants, its percentage in fertilizers must be kept low.
How do you reduce biuret formation?
Biuret formation is minimized by maintaining the urea melt in the conversion zone under an ammonia pressure of 10- 100 atm., and a temperature of 272 - 375 °F for a period of time sufficient to achieve equilibrium between the ammonia - biuret - urea, to obtain a melt containing 0.1-0.3 wt.
How do you stop biuret?
WO2017192031 - CONTROLLING BIURET IN UREA PRODUCTION Disclosed is a novel method of controlling the formation of biuret in urea production, and particularly reducing, preventing or reversing such formation. This is accomplished by adding liquid ammonia to a urea aqueous stream.
Why is biuret solution harmful to skin?
Skin: Causes skin burns. May cause deep, penetrating ulcers of the skin. Ingestion: Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. Causes severe pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and shock.
Why is biuret harmful to plants?
Biuret accumulation in the plant leaves, hinders protein synthesis8 and reduces the mineral absorption. The results suggest that biuret content in urea should not exceed 0.5 per cent when applied as spray and 1 . 0 per cent when applied as soil to potato crop.
Why is biuret toxic to plants?
When present in elevated concentrations, biuret interferes with normal protein synthesis and internal N metabolism in the plant. Lower N concentrations are typically found in biuret-damaged leaves than in healthy urea-treated leaves. Biuret also disrupts normal activity of many important plant enzymes…
What is the acceptable limit of biuret for most crops?
From literature, now the urea plants can manufacture urea containing 1% biuret which is safe for many crops even for foliar application. Now the biuret problem is for crops which are sensitive to biuret concentrations of as low as 0.3-0.5%.
How is biuret formed from urea?
Biuret is typically produced from urea through a series of non-catalytic py- rolysis reactions at temperature above 130 oC (melting temperature of urea). Biuret is formed through non-catalytic pyrolysis of urea accord- ing to the reaction mechanisms shown in Fig.
How much nitrogen is in urea?
46 percent nitrogenThe agricultural industry widely uses urea, a white crystalline solid containing 46 percent nitrogen as an animal feed additive and fertilizer.
What is the acceptable limit of biuret for most crops?
From literature, now the urea plants can manufacture urea containing 1% biuret which is safe for many crops even for foliar application. Now the biuret problem is for crops which are sensitive to biuret concentrations of as low as 0.3-0.5%.
Why is biuret harmful to plants?
Biuret accumulation in the plant leaves, hinders protein synthesis8 and reduces the mineral absorption. The results suggest that biuret content in urea should not exceed 0.5 per cent when applied as spray and 1 . 0 per cent when applied as soil to potato crop.
Why is biuret undesirable?
Biuret is undesirable in fertilizer urea because it is toxic to crop plants, although to what extent depends on the nature of the crop and the method of application of the urea.
Why is biuret toxic to plants?
When present in elevated concentrations, biuret interferes with normal protein synthesis and internal N metabolism in the plant. Lower N concentrations are typically found in biuret-damaged leaves than in healthy urea-treated leaves. Biuret also disrupts normal activity of many important plant enzymes…
What is low biuret urea?
Our Low Biuret Urea is the highest quality product of its kind on the market. This premier product works very well when used for foliar solutions or can be direct applied on a variety of crops.
Is urea a skin irritant?
Urea, Dry – Urea is a mild skin irritant and may irritate the eyes , nose, and throat.
Does urea induce flowering?
Foliar application of urea has been common and researched since the mid 1950’s. Foliar urea has been shown to induce flowering by elevating the amino acid arginine biosynthesis for enhanced floral primordia formation as demonstrated by Dr. Carol Lovatt.
Is lo-bi urea effective for tree health?
A combined foliar application of lo-bi urea and other essential nutrients is often more effective in correcting deficiency symptoms and boosting tree health than single element nitrogen spray on its own.
What is low biuret urea?from cropfood.com
Our Low Biuret Urea is the highest quality product of its kind on the market. This premier product works very well when used for foliar solutions or can be direct applied on a variety of crops.
Is urea a skin irritant?from cropfood.com
Urea, Dry – Urea is a mild skin irritant and may irritate the eyes , nose, and throat.
What happens if blood urea level is low?
Low urea levels are not common and are not usually a cause for concern. They can be seen in severe liver disease or malnutrition but are not used to diagnose or monitor these conditions. Low urea levels are also seen in normal pregnancy. Urea levels increase with age and also with the amount of protein in your diet.
What does blood urea indicate?
The test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood. Urea nitrogen is one of the waste products removed from your blood by your kidneys. Higher than normal BUN levels may be a sign that your kidneys aren’t working efficiently. People with early kidney disease may not have any symptoms.
Why is the range of blood urea levels so wide?
The range is wide because there are many factors that affect blood urea levels [ 1 ]: 1 the amount of protein in the diet 2 protein breakdown 3 state of hydration 4 liver urea production 5 urea elimination by the kidneys
What is urea in plants?
Urea, being a nitrogen fertilizer , is crucial for plant growth but when excessively provided (above biuret 2% levels specified by the World Health Organization), plant characteristics are deeply affected. A real-time sensor to check the presence of excess urea in plants is therefore necessary. Towards this goal, a manganese oxide–reduced graphene oxide composite was synthesized by modified Hummer’s method and precipitation techniques, which was subsequently used as a nano-interface to immobilize urease enzyme for specific detection of urea. The synthesized nanocomposite helped in shuttling of electrons between the redox species and in enhanced electron transfer rate due to their high surface area, vindicated by their structural and morphological characterization using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry, respectively. The fabricated biosensor for urea exhibited a linear range of 5–100 μM with a sensitivity of 9.7 × 10⁻³ μA μM⁻¹, limit of detection of 14.693 μM, and a response time of 118 s.
What happens when urea is spread in soil?
... When urea is spread in soil, a series of chemical, physical and biological reactions are occurred. The most significant of these reactions is urea hydrolysis (urea's conversion to NH4 + ) and the volatilization of NH3 which causes a loss of nitrogen from the fertilizer [2, 3]. In addition, Mikkelsen [2] has indicated that the urea application can generate the formation of Biuret, which is toxic to plants.In the same order, the phosphorus fertilizers are also important in agriculture. ...
Is biuret toxic to rice?
Biuret, a common impurity in urea fertilizers, is toxic to plants, but little is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying its toxicity. Here, we analyzed biuret toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa) plants. We carried out uptake experiments using ¹⁵N‐labelled biuret and demonstrated that biuret could reach sub millimolar concentrations in rice plants. We also demonstrated that the hydrolysis of biuret in plant cells could confer biuret tolerance to rice plants. This occurred because transgenic rice plants that overexpressed an exogenous biuret hydrolase cloned from a soil bacterium gained improved tolerance to biuret toxicity. Our results indicate that biuret toxicity is not an indirect toxicity caused by the presence of biuret outside the roots, and that biuret is not quickly metabolized in wild‐type rice plants. Additionally, it was suggested that biuret was used as an additional nitrogen source in transgenic rice plants, because biuret hydrolase‐overexpressing rice plants accumulated more biuret‐derived N, as compared to wild‐type rice.
Is urea a good fertilizer?
Urea has become the leading form of N fertilizer worldwide. Historically there has been concern about biuret formed during the manufacturing of urea fertilizer and the potential adverse effect of biuret on plant growth. In this paper, the fate of biuret in soils and its phytotoxicity is reviewed. Biuret is mineralized by many soil micoorganisms, but the process is much slower than for urea. Excessively high biuret concentrations can damage seedlings and, like urea, should not be placed in close proximity to germinating seeds. Crop tolerance to biuret varies according to the plant species, soil conditions, fertilizer placement, and method of application. Biuret applied to soil or to plant foliage interferes with N metabolism and protein synthesis. The current standards in the fertilizer industry supply adequate protection against biuret-induced damage to crops.
Is biuret a poisonous substance?
Biuret, if present in urea in high concentrations, has a poisonous effect on plants. For this reason, the mode of formation of biuret in the manufacture of urea has been investigated. The rate at which biuret is produced in molten urea and in concentrated aqueous urea solutions has been measured as a function of ammonia concentration. The relationship thus found can be explained by assuming that the direct conversion of urea into biuret and ammonia plays a secondary part, and that biuret is produced mainly by a reversible reaction between urea and isocyanic acid, the latter being formed from urea with simultaneous evolution of ammonia. The reversible character of this reaction is confirmed by the fact that the amount of biuret in a urea melt may decrease at high ammonia concentrations. Furthermore, the rate of conversion is increased by basic compounds and decreased by acidic compounds.
Does biuret harm crops?
... It has been known since the 1950s that excessive amounts of biuret in urea fertilizers cause injury in crops (Jones, 1954;Sanford et al., 1954). A wide range of crops can be potentially affected by biuret toxicity, which often manifests as leaf chlorosis and stunted growth, especially in the young seedling stage (Mikkelsen, 1990). Earlier studies indicated that biuret inhibited protein synthesis in Xanthium pensylvanicum leaves (Webster et al., 1957) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasms (Ogata & Yamamoto, 1959). ...
Does biuret affect urea?
The effect of the biuret content (0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% of urea) on transformations of urea-N was studied in a sandy loam (pH 7.7). While biuret did not affect urea hydrolysis, it inhibited the conversion of NH+4 to NO−2 and the subsequent oxidation of NO−2 to NO−3. This resulted in the accumulation of larger amounts of both NH+4-N and NO−2-N in soil as compared to soil receiving urea alone. The results suggest that biuret impurity in urea fertilizer is likely to enhance nitrite toxicity.
