What is non-surgical orthograde endodontic retreatment?
Non-surgical orthograde endodontic retreatment, when properly performed in accessible and penetrable root canals, achieves a high cure rate, good and lasting results and eliminates the need for radical procedures, such as apical surgery or tooth extraction.
When is retrograde endodontic treatment indicated for root canal treatment?
Therefore, when the only way to approach the root canal is from the apical direction, rather than placing an apical retrograde filling, a retrograde endodontic treatment of the entire canal should be preferred, if it is feasible. Publication types Review MeSH terms Apicoectomy
What is orthograde endodontic treatment for horses?
An orthograde endodontic method, similar to that used in human dentistry, is described for use on endodontically diseased permanent cheek teeth in horses. The technique has been adapted to meet the anatomical and physiological differences between hypsodont and brachyodont teeth and is performed in sedated horses.
What is non-surgical endodontics?
Endodontic treatment can be so-called non-surgical and surgical, though, in fact, all endodontic treatment is strictly surgical. The so-called non-surgical endodontic treatment has four objectives, namely: To provide a clean root canal in which the extent of any bacterial ingress is kept low and below a level at which pathological effects occur.
What is Orthograde root canal treatment?
A root end surgery, also known as apicoectomy (apico- + -ectomy), retrograde root canal treatment (c.f. orthograde root canal treatment) or root-end filling, is an endodontic surgical procedure whereby a tooth's root tip is removed and a root end cavity is prepared and filled with a biocompatible material.
What is the difference between a root canal and an apicoectomy?
While root canal treatment takes place on the crown of the tooth (the part above the gum that we chew with) an apicoectomy takes place on the root of the tooth. The infected tissue is accessed via the root tip, also called the apex, of the tooth, and a filling is then placed to seal the end of the root.
What are the five phases of endodontic treatment?
The 7 Steps of EndodonticsSTEP 1: DIAGNOSIS. The most important aspect of performing an endodontic procedure is to first correctly diagnose the tooth.STEP 2: ACCESS. ... STEP 3: EXTIRPATION. ... STEP 4: DEBRIDEMENT. ... STEP 5: DRYING. ... STEP 6: OBTURATING. ... STEP 7: RESTORATION.
What is retrograde and Orthograde?
Let me provide a simple definition of terms. Orthograde is the use of this material through the coronal access point vs. retrograde which is the use of the material from the apex of the tooth as in the example of apicoectomy.
How painful is apicoectomy?
How Painful Is an Apicoectomy? A root end surgery causes very little discomfort. It is a minor procedure done in your dentist's office, and it doesn't require any general anesthetic. You can usually drive yourself home afterward and go back to your normal activities the next day.
Are you put to sleep for a apicoectomy?
An apicoectomy is surgical removal of the tip (apex) of a tooth's root. It's a minor surgery done in our office under local anesthesia. This means you're awake for the procedure and can drive yourself home afterward. It also means you shouldn't feel any pain while one of our specialists completes the apex removal.
What are the 3 stages of root canal treatment?
Root canal treatment is done in 3 stages:Stage 1: involves removal of the dead nerve and the gross infection. ... Stage 2: this involves further cleaning and shaping of the canals. ... Stage 3: this is the last stage in the completion of treatment which involves filling the canals with an inert filling material.
Why does root canal Take 2 visits?
The root canal procedure is completed in two separate visits to ensure that the tooth is thoroughly cleaned out, sealed up, and protected from further damage.
What are the 5 basic root canal steps in order?
Steps of a root canal procedurePreparing the area. The dentist begins by numbing the area. ... Accessing and cleaning the roots. Next, the dentist drills through the tooth to access the root canals and pulp chamber. ... Shaping the canals. ... Filling the canals. ... Filling to the access hole. ... Healing and antibiotics. ... Adding the crown.
What do you mean by Orthograde posture?
Orthograde is a term derived from Greek ὀρθός, orthos + Latin gradi that describes a manner of walking which is upright, with the independent motion of limbs. Both New and Old World monkeys are primarily arboreal, and they have a tendency to walk with their limbs swinging in parallel to one another.
What is the purpose of retrograde filling?
When root canal therapy fails, a retreatment called retrograde filling is a good alternative to save the tooth. During retrograde filling the dentist cuts a flap in the gum and creates a hole in the bone to get access to the bottom tip of the root of the tooth.
What is the purpose of retrograde filling in apicoectomy?
A retrograde filling is placed so as to seal an infected root canal causing periapical pathosis.
What are the advantages of orthograde technique?
One advantage of the orthograde technique is that it can be performed on a sedated standing horse. This simplifies the whole session both for the operator and patient. There is relatively good visibility and there is seldom bleeding in the working area, which minimises the risk of contamination during the cleaning process. The ability to remove fluid from the prepared pulp cavity means that an acceptable canal preparation can be achieved without too much effort . Another advantage is that the treatment can easily be repeated once access to the pulp has been created, which means that a subsequent cleaning procedure can be quickly performed. However, the complexity of the hypsodont tooth, the need to have long-handled tools for the 07–11s and to perform some of the preparation steps without having good visibility are disadvantages as regards cleaning out the pulp canals thoroughly. It can be difficult to access the pulp canal in an older horse, or if the tooth has responded to an insult by laying down tertiary dentine in the pulp cavity. On the other hand, the maturation of the common pulp chamber in 2 separate pulp horns with separate roots makes it possible to save vital parts of the older tooth ( Fig 10 ). Although intraoperative x-rays are taken, in some cases it is difficult to be sure whether the files have reached apically enough and it is crucial to have a short-term follow-up endodontic treatment to check for discolouration or malodour of the original primary seal, that needs to be replaced if either are present.
Can horses have endodontically diseased teeth?
An orthograde endodontic method, similar to that used in human dentistry, is described for use on endodontically diseased permanent cheek teeth in horses. The technique has been adapted to meet the anatomical and physiological differences between hypsodont and brachyodont teeth and is performed in sedated horses. The techniques of debriding the pulp cavity and use of dental materials which fulfil the requirements for equine teeth are presented here. The results of this technique appear to be promising but have yet to be evaluated in a peer-reviewed study. By using orthograde endodontic therapy on sedated horses it is now possible to save endodontically diseased permanent cheek teeth.
Do horses have hypsodont teeth?
The endodontic techniques were initially developed in brachyodont dentition but since horses have hypsodont teeth it is important to understand some differences between these types of teeth. A brachyodont permanent tooth has a developed root from Day 1 after eruption and its clinical crown is similar to the anatomical crown. When a hypsodont tooth erupts it has no true root, i.e. the apical area contains enamel. Thus, before root development starts, the anatomical crown stretches from the clinical crown to the apex, i.e. the clinical crown is not the same as the anatomical crown. The formation of roots starts after the tooth is in occlusion with its counterpart and the normal wear process of attrition has started ( Fig 2 ).
What is endodontic material?
Endodontic materials are used in endodontic treatment, which is the procedure to save the tooth when the pulp and/or periradicular tissues are injured. These materials can be generally classified into two groups: materials used to maintain the vitality of the pulp (pulp capping materials), and materials used to disinfect (irrigants and intracanal medicaments) and fill the pulp in root canal therapy.
Why is endodontic treatment important?
It is carried out because preserving the natural teeth is important in maintaining full function of the dentition, with the associated health benefits that a fully functional set of teeth confers.
How does endodontics treat decay?
Endodontics deals with the treatment of root canals in teeth in which, due to the advanced decay, the tooth crown is destroyed. The modern lateral condensation method gives the possibility of hermetically closing the individual root canal by its filling. This approach prevents bacteria entering from the mouth into the canal. Laser radiation can reduce 99% of microbial pathogens during the endodontic treatment. It also leads to decontamination of the infected lateral canals. During laser irradiation, organic substances are completely removed, and coagulation of proteins in the dentinal tubules is achieved.
What is a non-vital tooth?
A non-vital tooth is one that has a dead pulp or has had the pulp removed as part of an endodontic treatment. A non-vital tooth can appear much darker and discoloured compared to the adjacent teeth. This type of discolouration has been successfully treated by the ‘Walking Bleach Technique’ whereby a bleaching composition is sealed inside the pulp cavity for a number of days (Sulieman, 2005a ). The types of bleach compositions that have been used typically include sodium perborate alone or in combination with low levels of peroxide ( Greenwall, 2001; Attin et al., 2003; Plotino et al., 2008 ). Much shorter exposure times of the pulp cavity with relatively high levels of peroxide (30-35% w/w) are also used, which may be activated with heat or light, in a technique termed ‘Internal Non-Vital power Bleaching’ ( Suliemann, 2005a ). Bleach compositions can also be applied simultaneously to the pulp and the external enamel surfaces in a technique called ‘Inside/outside Bleaching’ ( Sulieman, 2005a; Kelleher, 2008 ).
Is hydroxyapatite a pulp capping agent?
Jaber and his team used hydroxyapatite for pulpotomy, and as a direct pulp capping agent, due to its osseoconductive property [88]. They conducted an animal study in which hydroxyapatite was equated with calcium hydroxide in terms of pulp capping. But the hydroxyapatite showed dystrophic calcification of the pulp, leading to jeopardized endodontic treatment. Hard tissue bridging (i.e., dentine bridges at the pulpal exposure site) was not brought about by hydroxyapatite as a direct pulp capping agent, as noted in a study by Sübay and Aşci [89].
What causes external root resorption?
Dental trauma, which causes pulp necrosis with exposed dentinal tubules on the the damaged root surface, is the most common cause for external root resorption. [2] There are different treatment options for large periradicular lesions ranging from
Can root canals be treated with MTA Fillapex?
Teeth with extensive lesions and inflammatory root resorptions can be successfully managed by nonsurgical root canal treatment, using suitable materials such as MTA Fillapex, and monitory follow-up.
How long does an endodontic retreatment last?
Endodontic Retreatment Explained. With proper care, even teeth that have had root canal treatment can last a lifetime. But sometimes, a tooth that has been treated doesn't heal properly and can become painful or diseased months or even years after treatment. If your tooth failed to heal or develops new problems, you have a second chance.
What to do if your tooth fails to heal?
If your tooth failed to heal or develops new problems, you have a second chance. An additional procedure may be able to support healing and save your tooth. If you have pain or discomfort in a previously treated tooth, talk to an endodontist about retreatment.
