What is the strongest type of bonding?
What is the strongest type of bond? Covalent Bonds Another type of strong chemical bond between two or more atoms is a covalent bond. These bonds form when an electron is shared between two elements. Covalent bonds are the strongest (*see note below) and most common form of chemical bond in living organisms.
How do you ground a pool?
- Determine how much #8 bare solid copper wire you will require for the job and how many bonding lugs. ...
- Gather supplies Acquire a skimmer bonding plate, #8 solid bare copper wire, and enough bonding lugs to attach the wire at every point.
- Dig a trench Dig a trench twelve inches from the pool wall and six inches deep to lay bonding wire.
What is equipotential bonding?
Equipotential bonding or simply bonding is a technique for minimising the danger of equipment damage and personal injury. It entails connecting all metals and conductive goods to an earthing system (also known as a grounding system) so all of them have the same potential energy (voltage).
What are couple bonding activities?
The Ultimate 25 Bonding Activities For Married Couples
- Cooking Together. Cooking as a unique skill is one of the bonding activities for couples or indoor activities for couples who love themselves.
- Rock Climbing. Rock climbing is one of such great bonding activities for couples that don’t really favor one gender over another.
- Love Making. ...
- Running Together. ...
- Bonding Activities For Couples – Camping. ...
Does pool water have to be bonded?
NEC bonding requirements apply to in ground and above ground pools, and includes all metal components, equipment and the water itself. Correct pool bonding protects people, pets and pool equipment by reducing current flow between items of different potential. All pool water should be bonded.
What happens if a pool is not bonded?
If you do not bond your pool equipment there is the risk that the equipment itself will become the anode in a galvanic couple with other metal components in or around your pool. If this happens, the anode metals will deteriorate at an advanced rate, a phenomenon called galvanic corrosion.
How do I know if my pool is bonded?
Loden recommends going out to where your motor and pumps are to check for bonding. Look for an exposed copper wire attached to the motor and pumps, going into the ground. It should connect in a similar way as in the image to the left.
Does a pool need to be grounded or bonded?
Grounding and bonding are crucial parts of every new pool construction. Without them, you risk an unpleasant zap whenever you step or dive into your pool. Usually, electrical currents, which have a negative charge, flow from a charged wire (also known as a positive or hot wire) to a neutral one.
How do you bond an inground pool?
0:492:13How To Bond A Swimming Pool - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo a bonding grid works to tie everything to the same electrical. Potential grounding works to takeMoreSo a bonding grid works to tie everything to the same electrical. Potential grounding works to take that electrical. Potential and make that equal to zero.
Do all pools need to be grounded?
Swimming pools must be properly grounded and bonded to prevent this danger. Why does an above ground pool need to be grounded and bonded? To prevent swimmers from suffering an electrical shock or being electrocuted.
Do vinyl pools need to be bonded?
Conductive Pool Shell Bonding. Vinyl Liner pools and fiberglass pools are not considered conductive shells, but the supporting steel must be bonded to the Equipotential Bonding Grid via #8 solid copper wire.
What is the difference between grounding and bonding a pool?
Second, grounding provides a low resistance path for hot wire shorts to conduct enough power back to the main panel to trip the circuit breaker. Bonding is about making sure that any electrical current that is present around the pool goes through the bonding wire instead of going through you.
Where does pool bonding wire go?
2:015:17Pool Bonding 101: Why Handrails, Coping, and Water Could Shock YouYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipWe also want to connect the reinforcement that is used inside three the first three feet of yourMoreWe also want to connect the reinforcement that is used inside three the first three feet of your concrete. Patio that's called the bonding grid.
How much does it cost to ground a pool?
Inground pool costs differ depending on the pool's material as well as its shape and size. The total cost of an inground pool ranges from $28,000 to $55,000, or about $50 to $125 per square foot. That's an average cost of $35,000....Inground Pool Cost Estimator.Type of CostAmountHighest Cost$55,000Lowest Cost$28,0001 more row•Jul 25, 2022
What is the difference between bonding and grounding?
Bonding is the connection of non-current-carrying conductive elements like enclosures and structures. Grounding is the attachment of bonded systems to the earth. Both are necessary to safeguard people and property from electric hazards.
When did pool bonding become code?
2008Most of us are aware that the pool must be bonded, but since 2008 the National Electrical Code (NEC) has mandated that pool water shall be electrically bonded, not just metals in the structure of the pool itself.
What happens if a pool is not earthed?
Did you know that if your pool fence is within 1.25 metres of the water, the metal pool fence spigots need to be earthed? If the metal components of your glass pool fence haven't been correctly earthed, there is a slight risk that a person in the water could be electrocuted.
Does pool deck need to be bonded?
All metallic parts of the pool shell, coping stones, and deck, shall be bonded. The equipotential plane puts all points on the plane at an equal potential to equalize voltage and current that passes through the plane.
Do resin pools need bonding?
If the pool is considered a "Storable Pool", then it does not need to be bonded and it must have a double insulated pump. Most above ground pools that are 42" deep or shallower are considered storable.
How far does bonding wire need to be from pool?
Equipotential bonding grid: 18-24 inches from the pool's edge and 4-6 inches below grade level. The grid shall be tied back to the pool (if metal) at four (4) equal points around the pool and shall extend back to the casing of the pool motor. Bonding wire shall be a minimum #8 copper (bare).
What is Swimming Pool Bonding?
When considering swimming pool bonding, it’s important to become familiar with the concept of equipotential bonding .
Why bond a pool?
Pool Bonding to Reduce Shock Hazards. During the hot, humid summer months, few things are more relaxing than a cool swimming pool. To maintain the tranquility of pools, spas, and hot tubs, safety considerations are vital. Most people take into account the common dangers of UV radiation, injuries from slipping on wet decks and concrete, ...
What are the hazards of a pool?
Metallic objects attached to your swimming pool – such as rails, ladders, and brackets for lighting fixtures – can be a shock hazard if improperly bonded. Like all electrical wiring and fixtures, those around a pool should be properly grounded for the safest experience.
Why is it important to connect all lighting fixtures to your pool's equipotential grid?
It is important to connect all lighting fixtures to your pool’s equipotential grid. The point of a lighting fixture is to illuminate your pool at night , not cause a potentially deadly shock.
What is the NEC for swimming pools?
According to Erico.com, the National Electric Code (NEC) “requires bonding of all the following metallic parts in a permanently installed swimming pool with a #8 AWG solid or large conductor.”. All metal parts must also be connected to a bonding grid covering the entire contour of your pool. 1.
What equipment is needed for a pool?
All pools contain a multitude of electrical equipment for both convenience and proper functionality. Pumps, automatic covers, water heaters, and other such equipment must be bonded to the equipotential grid to keep your pool safe.
How high should a pool wall be to bond?
Touching nearby metallic structures can also result in a shock. As stated by Mike Holt of Ecmweb.com, components five feet horizontal to your pool wall and twelve feet above the pool’s water level require bonding.
What metal is used to bond a pool?
in continuous contact with the water. The metal shall be copper, brass, bronze, or other corrosion- resistant material ...
What is a pool shell made of?
Pool shells made of reinforced concrete in which the water is in direct contact with the concrete and the reinforcing steel is utilized as the common bonding grid shall be considered to effectively bond the water. If non-conducting or non-reinforced material is used to form the pool shell or liner, bonding shall be accomplished via the use ...
What is the NEC for pool water?
The text proposed for the 2005 NEC was much more extensive than the text proposed and accepted for the 2008 NEC. For the 2005 NEC, the text read, “680.26 (B) (6). Pool Water. The pool water shall be effectively bonded. Pool shells made of reinforced concrete in which the water is in direct contact with the concrete and the reinforcing steel is utilized as the common bonding grid shall be considered to effectively bond the water. If non-conducting or non-reinforced material is used to form the pool shell or liner, bonding shall be accomplished via the use of metallic parts, plumbing, lighting brackets and shells, ladders, electrodes, etc. in continuous contact with the water. The metal shall be copper, brass, bronze, or other corrosion- resistant material or may be chrome plated. Metallic parts used for bonding shall have a minimum surface area in contact with the water of 200 square centimeters. Semi-conducting material may be used if the resistivity of such material is less than 0.1 ohm-centimeters. Semi-conducting material shall have a minimum of 0.5 square meters in contact with the pool water at each location and encapsulate copper conductor evenly distributed throughout. The encapsulated copper conductor shall have a total electrical area of at least 16,500 circular mils and have terminations of at least 8 AWG. Point of bonding with the pool water shall be made at no more than 4 meters distance around the circumference of the pool.”
What is the minimum surface area of a metallic part used for bonding?
Metallic parts used for bonding shall have a minimum surface area in contact with the water of 200 square centimeters. Semi-conducting material may be used if the resistivity of such material is less than 0.1 ohm-centimeters. Semi-conducting material shall have a minimum of 0.5 square meters in contact with the pool water at each location ...
Is pool water conductive?
Typically, pool water is considered electrically conductive due to dissolved chemicals.
How does bonding work in pool equipment?
So how does bonding help? Simply put, bonding connects all of your pool equipment together so they all have the same electrical potential. When all of your equipment is carrying the same charge, the electricity won't try to jump from one piece to another as the resistance is the same on both sides. This equalization allows you to safely use your pool equipment without risking electric shocks.
Why do we bond pools?
Bonding is also known as equipotential bonding because the goal of this process is to equalize the potential differences in voltage between different parts ...
What Is Bonding and Grounding?
Like the other parts of your home, swimming pools require electricity to function. Pumps, lights, automatic pool covers, some cleaning equipment plus more will require power. But, as you can imagine, electrical safety is very important whenever water is involved.
What is pool equalization?
This equalization allows you to safely use your pool equipment without risking electric shocks. An electrician bonds pool equipment by connecting it all together with conductive wire also known as a bonding wire when it comes to pools. Here is a partial list of what should be included in your pool's bonding grid:
What should be included in a pool bonding grid?
Here is a partial list of what should be included in your pool's bonding grid: Any metal parts of the pool shell. Shells and brackets of all pool lighting. Any metal fittings attached to your pool structure. All electric pump motors and fittings. Any metal piping or sheathing within 5 feet of the pool.
Why is bonding necessary?
Bonding is necessary because, even when grounded, electrical equipment can still accumulate charge over time. For instance, a pool motor that is connected to a power line can slowly build up a higher charge than other pieces of metal in the same area.
How does a pool ground work?
Pool equipment can also be grounded through GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets. These outlets detect when your electrical equipment may be drawing too much power (such as during a short or fault) and interrupt the circuit. The outlet cuts power to the shorting device and provides a safe ground path for the electricity.
What is the purpose of bonded pool?
Water flows in the direction of the lower pressure. A bonded pool balances the electrical “pressure.”. This keeps currents flowing outward into a bonding wire or grid where they are safely disbursed.
What does the NEC say about pool water bonding?
WHAT DOES THE NEC SAY SPECIFICALLY ABOUT WATER BONDING?Since 2008 NEC Section 680.26 (C) mandates that pool water must be electrically bonded. Specifically, a water bond:
What can I use as a water bonding device?
WHAT CAN I USE AS A WATER BONDING DEVICE?Traditionally the “water bonding device” has been the pool light . Typical incandescent pool lighting is housed in a metal “wet niche.” The metal niche should be bonded, and by creating a wet niche bond the water is also properly bonded. According to NEC, the device can consist of metal parts that have already been bonded. In these cases all requirements are met at the pool light.
What is NEC bonding?
According to electrical code expert Mike Holt, bonding can be defined as, “The permanent joining of metallic parts together to form an electrically conductive path.”.
Does nicheless pool lighting affect water bonding?
This significantly affects water bonding during pool construction. If you use nicheless lighting or plastic niches with no changes to pool bonding, then the pool may not be safe.
Is it safe to use nicheless lighting in a pool?
If you use nicheless lighting or plastic niches with no changes to pool bonding, then the pool may not be safe. Once the metal wet niche is not available as a bonding solution, you must find an alternative. Other pool components can function as a water bond, but, what is considered “water bonding material” varies by location.
Is water bonding UL or CSA?
All water bonding products should be certified to select UL and CSA standard certified products. When building a recreational pool, safety MUST be the highest concern. Pool professionals should meet these requirements for all pool service and installations.
What is electrical water bonding?
Electrical Water Bonding is a new National Electrical Code that inspectors are now enforcing.
How far away should copper wire be from the pool?
8 AWG, to the bonding lug. The copper wire should also connect to motor and all metal parts of the swimming pool within 5 ft. of the inside wall of the swimming pool.
Should bonding connections be periodically inspected?
The integrity of the bonding connection should be periodically inspected.
Why use lugs on pool equipment?
Lay-in lugs are favorable for use on swimming pool equipment because it makes it easy to replace pool equipment without having to take apart all of the bonding connections.
Where is the bonding lug on a wiring trough?
The original installer installed a bonding lug on the top of the outdoor wiring trough. It would have been better if the lug was on the bottom to keep water out, but there was probably no room to get an electric drill underneath after the lighting transformers were installed.
What is the NFPA 70 for swimming pools?
Anything metal within three feet from the inside wall of the pool must be bonded. Article 680 in the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) has all of the grounding and bonding requirements for all types of in-ground and above-ground swimming pools, hot tubs, fountains, and similar types of artificial bodies of water.
Do pool transformers have to be bonded?
Swimming pool lighting transformers bonded to each other and other equipment. The above swimming pool lighting transformers were all required to be bonded. One of the bonding lugs had two wires in it. That would have been okay if the lug was approved for two wires, but it wasn’t.
Does the state require swimming pools to be inspected?
Unfortunately the state has no such inspection requirements for homeowner managed swimming pools. Consequently problems on homeowner swimming pools such as a lack of bonding are not caught unless someone working on the pool notices that something is wrong.
Is a pool inspection good?
Most problems were not from the original swimming pool construction, but as a result of repairs, changes, and a lack of good preventative maintenance. Unfortunately the state has no such inspection requirements for homeowner managed ...
Do you need a bond wire for a pool deck?
In addition to what is shown above, the swimming pooling bonding wire must also be connected to the pool deck perimeter usually by connecting to the wire mesh or rebar in the concrete. A bond wire is required in the pool deck perimeter even if there is no concrete.
What is bonding in electrical engineering?
Bonding is joining metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path that will result in electrical continuity between components to ensure that the electrical potential will be the same throughout.
What are the requirements for a pool?
The following parts of pools, spas, and hot tubs must be bonded together using conductors at least 8 AWG, or using rigid metal conduit, including: 1 conductive pool shells, including poured concrete, sprayed concrete, and concrete block with painted or plastered coatings; 2 structural reinforcing steel; 3 copper conductor grid; 4 perimeter surfaces that extend 3 feet horizontally beyond the inside walls of the pool, spa, or hot tub. A perimeter surface that extends less than 3 feet and is separated from the pool by a barrier shall require equipotential bonding on the pool side of the barrier. Bonding to perimeter surfaces shall be provided and be attached to the pool, spa, and hot tub reinforcing steel or copper conductor grid at a minimum of four points around the pool, spa, or hot tub. There are some exceptions; 5 metallic components; 6 underwater lighting; 7 metal fittings; 8 electrical equipment; and 9 all fixed metal parts.
What is the minimum AWG for a copper bond?
The bonding conductor should be at least 8 AWG or larger solid copper.
What type of metal should pool motors be grounded in?
Grounding and bonding connections should be made of copper, copper alloy, or stainless steel. They also should be listed for direct burial. Luminaries and related equipment should also be grounded.
What happens if you have an electrical problem with your pool?
If there is an electrical problem with the pool equipment, a fault could occur and charge the entire pool or spa, making it fatally hazardous. Grounding. The electrical equipment for swimming pools must be grounded and connected by wiring methods in accordance with the NFPA 70 National Electric Code® (NEC®).
Where is the electrical equipment located in a pool?
all electrical equipment located within 5 feet of the inside wall of the pool water; all through-wall lighting assemblies and underwater luminaires; panelboards that supply electricity to equipment associated with the pool; GFCIs : transformer and power supply enclosures; junction boxes; and. pool motors.
Can you stand in water when inspecting a pool?
Don’t stand in water when working with or inspecting electrical equipment . Be sure to identify all circuits that are related to the pool equipment. When inspecting the pool or spa, check for unfinished or poor workmanship, particularly with the electrical components, wiring and installation.
