what is pure strain in biology

pure-breeding line or strain A group of identical individuals that always produce offspring of the same phenotype when intercrossed. Tags:

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What is a strain in microbiology?

Strain (biology) This is most easily observed in microbiology where strains are derived from a single cell colony and are typically quarantined by the physical constraints of a Petri dish. Strains are also commonly referred to within virology, botany, and with rodents used in experimental studies.

What are “type strains”?

“Type strains” are the archetypes of a species and constitute the primary elements of taxonomy. Type strains of all 38 species of the genus Vibrio were examined for the V. parahaemolyticus -specific 285 bp PCR amplification. A specific band at 285 bp was noticed only for V. parahaemolyticus and no other bacterial species have showed any band.

What is the difference between strain and stress?

Stress is simply the internal force developed per unit area within the solid when an external force is applied. Strain is the quantification of the deformation produced in the solid. It is defined as the ratio of deformation produced in the solid’s dimensions to its original dimensions.

How do you determine the type of strain?

The type strain must be derived from the presumably mixed population of cells occurring in cultures of an uncloned isolate. This is achieved by cloning three times, using gentle filtration of a broth culture through membrane filters with the smallest possible pore diameter (usually 200 to 300 nm).

What do you mean by the term pure and hybrid?

Introduction. In the simplest possible terms, purebreds are the offspring that result from mating between genetically similar parents while hybrids are the offspring that are the result of mating between two genetically dissimilar parents.

What does it mean to be pure breeding in genetics?

A true-breeding organism, sometimes also called a purebred (biology slang: pure line or true-breeding line), is an organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits (i.e. physically expressed traits) to its offspring of many generations.

What is meant by true breeding or pure breeding lines strain?

Solution : A true breeding lines (Pure - breeding strains) means it has undergone continuous self pollination having stable trait inheritance from parent to offspring.

What is meant by pure bleeding?

A purebred refers to offspring resulting from a true breeding. True breeding is a way to produce offspring that would carry the same phenotype as the parents. Thus, a purebred would result when the parents are homozygous for certain traits.

What is purebred genotype?

Purebred - Also called HOMOZYGOUS and consists of gene pairs with genes that are the SAME. Hybrid - Also called HETEROZYGOUS and consists of gene pairs that are DIFFERENT. Genotype is the actual GENE makeup represented by LETTERS. Phenotype is the PHYSICAL appearance of a trait, such as a YELLOW (or BLUE) body color.

What is pure breeding in animals?

also purebred. adjective [ADJECTIVE noun] A pure-bred animal is one whose parents and ancestors all belong to the same breed.

What is an example of a purebred?

The definition of a purebred is a human or animal with unmixed breeding over many generations. An example of a purebred animal is a Rottweiler dog. Purebred is defined as an animal or human which is the result of unmixed breeding. An example of purebred is a cat whose parents were both Siamese.

What is a pure line?

A pure line means those breeds of organisms that have been generated through repeated self fertilization and have become homozygous for a particular trait. The trait is passed on to progeny if bred with another true breeding organism. Biology.

What does purebred mean in Punnett Squares?

▪ Purebred trait: Also known as true breeding. Individuals genotype is homozygous and will only make one. type of gamete. E.g TT will always produces T, and T. tt will always produce t, and t.

What does purebred mean in Punnett Squares?

▪ Purebred trait: Also known as true breeding. Individuals genotype is homozygous and will only make one. type of gamete. E.g TT will always produces T, and T. tt will always produce t, and t.

Can pure breeding be heterozygous?

5:226:29What true-breeding means? - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipIt can have where the two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles or in other words the bestMoreIt can have where the two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles or in other words the best answer would be that locust have to be homozygous.

Is purebred homozygous dominant or recessive?

A homozygous genotype is one in which both alleles are the same, and an organism with a homozygous genotype is said to be true-breeding or purebred. A homozygous dominant genotype is one in which both alleles are dominant.

Does true breeding mean homozygous?

True-breeding organisms are genetically identical and have identical alleles for specified traits. The alleles for these type of organisms are homozygous. True-breeding plants and organisms may express phenotypes that are either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive.

What is a strain in biology?

Genetic variant, subtype or culture within a biological species. In biology, a strain is a genetic variant, a subtype or a culture within a biological species. Strains are often seen as inherently artificial concepts, characterized by a specific intent for genetic isolation. This is most easily observed in microbiology where strains are derived ...

What is a flu strain?

For example, a "flu strain" is a certain biological form of the influenza or "flu" virus. These flu strains are characterized by their differing isoforms of surface proteins. New viral strains can be created due to mutation or swapping of genetic components when two or more viruses infect the same cell in nature.

How are rice strains made?

As an example, some rice strains are made by inserting new genetic material into a rice plant, all the descendants of the genetically modified rice plant are a strain with unique genetic information that is passed on to later generations; the strain designation, which is normally a number or a formal name, covers all the plants that descend from the originally modified plant. The rice plants in the strain can be bred to other rice strains or cultivars, and if desirable plants are produced, these are further bred to stabilize the desirable traits; the stabilized plants that can be propagated and "come true" (remain identical to the parent plant) are given a cultivar name and released into production to be used by farmers.

Is strain a variant?

It has been said that "there is no universally accepted definition for the terms 'strain', ' variant ', and 'isolate' in the virology community, and most virologists simply copy the usage of terms from others".

Is Escherichia coli a prokaryotic strain?

Historically, a major effort of metabolic research has been devoted to the field of biofuel production. Escherichia coli is most common species for prokaryotic strain engineering. Scientists have succeeded in establishing viable minimal genomes from which new strains can be developed.

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What is a strain of a virus?

Strain: Different lines or isolates of the same virus (e.g., from different geographical locations or patients)

How to determine the type strain of a cell?

This is achieved by cloning three times, using gentle filtration of a broth culture through membrane filters with the smallest possible pore diameter (usually 200 to 300 nm). The filtrate and dilutions of it are cultured on solid medium, and isolated colonies are picked from a plate on which few colonies develop. The filtration and cloning sequence is performed three times to optimize the probability that the strain eventually chosen as the type strain derives from a single cell. Triple cloning by limiting dilution in liquid media may be an acceptable alternative method. All tests on which the taxonomic description is based should have been carried out on the cloned strain.

Why are mutagens dangerous?

Safety is a concern, because mutagens are usually carcinogens and are also frequently highly toxic. They are very unpleasant compounds to work with.

What is the effect of strain type on morphology?

The strain type has a significant effect on fungal cell morphology. Of the three different strains of A. oryzae tested, different growth morphologies were obtained under the same cultivation conditions and ranged from dispersed mycelia to compact pellets [ 81 ]. Recently, Molnár et al. studied the influence of fadAG203R and Δ flbA mutations on the morphology of submerged A. nidulans cultures [ 88 ]. A loss-of-function mutation of the flbA gene resulted in an altered germination with unusually thick germination tubes, fluffy pellet G203R morphology, as well as a reduced hyphae fragmentation rate during autolysis. In the fadAG203R mutant strain, conidiophores formed during the stationary phase of growth, and the pellet size shrank considerably.

What is the name of the yeast that is methylotrophic?

K., Bukowski, T., Holderman, S. D., Ching, A. F. T., Vanaja, E., and Stamm, M. R. (1998). Development of the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia methanolica, for the expression of the 65-kilodalton isoform of human glutamate decarboxylase. Yeast 14, 11–23. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons Limited.

What are the wild type strains of Reovirus 3?

Wild-type strains of reovirus 3 include: Dearing, the prototype strain (Sabin, 1959 ), isolated from a child with diarrhea; Abney ( Rosen, 1960 ), isolated from a child with a febrile upper respiratory infection; CAN 230 , from a case of Burkitt's lymphoma ( Bell et al., 1964 ); and several strains obtained from naturally infected cattle ( Rosen, 1960 ). Mutant, temperature-sensitive ( ts) strains have been developed in the laboratory ( Fields and Joklik, 1969) and have been used for studying the synthesis of viral RNA and peptides ( Cross and Fields, 1972; Fields et al., 1972) as well as for examining problems of pathogenesis. A neurotropic strain was also derived from the more hepatotropic original isolate ( Stanley et al., 1954 ).

What is the purpose of wild type A. niger?

Wild-type strains of A. niger have the capacity of secreting large amounts of various enzymes and are potentially suitable host strains for homologous and heterologous gene expression. Since A. niger also industrially supplies citric acid, the species is believed to be a potent producer of various metabolites available for commodity and specialty chemicals including pharmaceuticals using metabolic engineering technology. Although high production levels of homologous proteins originating from host strains can be readily achieved, production levels of heterologous proteins are several orders of magnitude lower. Moreover, since Aspergilli fungi including A. niger show different morphogenesis in the fermentation process ranging from distinct spherules (pellets) to long hyphae, it causes high viscosity and limitation of oxygen transfer in fermenters, resulting in reduced enzyme productivity. In order to rationalize and facilitate improvement of stains and processes as well as to discover potential new products, A. niger genome has been sequenced.

What is strain in math?

Strain is defined as the ratio of deformation produced in the dimensions of a material and its original dimensions. Since strain is a change in shape and size to the original shape and size of a given body, strain can be written as: Strain = Changeindimension initialdimension.

What is the difference between stress and strain?

Simply put, stress refers to the internal force per unit area, while strain refers to the physical changes in the shape and size of the object due to the deforming force.

What is strain in engineering?

Strain is the ratio of change in dimension of a body to the original dimension of the same body before the deforming force was applied on it. It is the physical quantity that quantifies the deformation of an object. In physical sciences and engineering, strain describes relative deformation or change in shape and size of elastic, plastic, ...

How long does it take for a pulled muscle to heal?

A sprain is when ligaments stretch too far or tear. A sprain may take 4– 6 weeks to heal or sometimes longer.

What is strain in physics?

Q.1. What is strain explain?#N#Ans: When an external force is applied to a body and the force applied is large enough, it produces deformation. Depending on the nature of the material, these deformations may be large or small. This quantification of the deformation of a material is called Strain. For example, Linear strain occurs as a result of a change in the object’s length. Compressive or tensile stresses produce linear strain. A shear strain occurs as a result of a change in the orientation of the object’s molecules.

When the deforming force produces a change in volume of the given body, then the strain produced in the body is?

When the deforming force produces a change in volume of the given body, then the strain produced in the body is called Volumetric strain. It is equal to the ratio of change in volume of a body to its original volume.

What is shear strain?

A shear strain occurs as a result of a change in the orientation of the object’s molecules. Q.2. What is the best definition of a strain? Ans: Strain is the deformation produced in a body due to the force applied to it, divided by the initial dimension of the body. Q.3.

Overview

In biology, a strain is a genetic variant, a subtype or a culture within a biological species. Strains are often seen as inherently artificial concepts, characterized by a specific intent for genetic isolation. This is most easily observed in microbiology where strains are derived from a single cell colony and are typically quarantined by the physical constraints of a Petri dish. Strains are also commonly referred to within virology, botany, and with rodents used in experimental studies.

Microbiology and virology

Plants

Rodents

Insects

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