» Best AP Human Geography Books Question: 38 3. The concentration of production activities and people spatially to benefit everyone is called A. the substitution principle.
What is the substitution principle?
Substitution Principle Principle that maintains that the correct location of a production facility is where the net profit is the greatest. Therefore in industry, there is a tendency to substitute one factor of production (e.g., labor) for another (e.g., capital for automated equipment) in order to achieve optimum plant location.
What is meant by substitution of factor of production?
Therefore in industry, there is a tendency to substitute one factor of production (e.g., labor) for another (e.g., capital for automated equipment) in order to achieve optimum plant location. Labor-Intensive Industry An industry for which labor costs represent a large proportion of total production costs.
What is the meaning of substitution of variables?
In mathematics, substitution of variables (also called variable substitution or coordinate transformation) refers to the substitution of. Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
What is apgap human geography?
AP Human Geography Agricultural. is a generic term for the various businesses involved in food production, including farming and contract farming, seed supply, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesale and distribution, processing, marketing, and retail sales.
What is the substitution principle quizlet?
What is the Liskov Substitution Principle? ...is the notion that "objects in a program should be replaceable with instances of their subtypes without altering the correctness of that program"
What is transferability in AP Human Geography?
Transferability. The acceptable cost of an exchange. Intervening Opportunity. serve to reduce supply/demand interactions that otherwise might develop between distant complementary areas.
What is Deglomeration in AP Human Geography?
Deglomeration: The process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances or increasing costs due to competition.
What is Fordism AP Human Geography?
fordist. form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly. industrial revolution.
What is the difference between complementarity and transferability?
Complementarity refers to a demand for or deficit in a product in a place and a supply or surplus of the same product in another place; intervening opportunity explains the absence or insufficiency of interactions between two complementary locations; and transferability is the possibility of interactions between ...
What is transferability in spatial interaction?
Transferability is the cost of movement between two places and an intervening opportunity is an alternative supply point. Geographers use these principles in spatial interaction models that can help them predict what's likely to occur in the movement of things, people, and information.
What is agglomeration and Deglomeration?
Agglomeration and deglomeration are two chemical processes that are opposite to each other. Agglomeration refers to the formation of large masses via the combination of small masses. Deglomeration is the opposite of this process, which is, the breakdown of a large mass into small masses.
What is an example of Deglomeration?
Deglomeration. Definition: Over saturation of an industry. Ex: When one business like a taco shop opens up and then more shops of the same type begin opening.
What is an example of agglomeration?
For example, there is a city center, and there is the region that borders the city. The suburbs and the urban areas coexist, and that's where the term agglomeration comes from. Located as part of the city center as well as right outside the city center, an agglomeration is a built-up area of a city region.
What is an example of post Fordism?
One of the primary examples of specialized post-Fordist production took place in a region known as the Third Italy. The First Italy included the areas of large-scale mass production, such as Turin, Milan, and Genoa, and the Second Italy described the undeveloped South.
What is the best example of a footloose activity?
The correct answer is Computer Chip. Diamonds, computer chips, and mobile manufacturing are some examples of footloose industries. These are generally non-polluting industries.
How are Fordist and post-Fordist production methods different?
The key difference between Fordism and Post Fordism is that Fordism refers to the large scale production of identical products, whereas Post Fordism refers to the flexible specialization of production in small batches. The concept of Post Fordism originated when the concept of Fordism fell out of use during the 1970s.
What is an example of migration transition?
A Change In The Migration Pattern In A Society That Results From Industrialization, Population Growth, And Other Social And Economic Changes That Also Produce The Demographic Transition Model Example If People Stop Moving From Sudan To Kenya Then There Will Be A Migration Transition.
What are Ravenstein's 11 Laws of migration?
Ravenstein's 11 Laws of Migration are laws created by Ravenstein that describes the reason why immigrants typically move, the distance they move, and their characteristics. Ravenstein's 1st Law of Migration. The majority of people who migrate only travel a short distance. This can be classified as Friction of Distance.
What is an example of interregional migration?
movement from one region of a country to another. Give an example of interregional migration. people moving from the sounth to the north.
What is an example of cyclic movement?
Cyclic motion can be defined as the motion undertaken by an object that follows a repeating path over time. Examples include a person walking, running, skipping, riding a bike, a pendulum swinging, a ball bouncing, wings flapping, and a piston moving.
What is the tendency of an economic activity to locate near or at its source of raw material?
The tendency of an economic activity to locate near or at its source of raw material; this is experienced when material costs are highly variable spatially and/or represent a significant share of total costs
What is the term for an industry where labor costs represent a large proportion of total production costs?
An industry for which labor costs represent a large proportion of total production costs. Agglomeration. A snowballing geographical process by which secondary and service industrial activities become clustered in cities and compact industrial regions in order to share infrastructure and markets. Agglomeration Economy .
What are the factors that determine the location of a factory?
Site Factors. Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital. Spatially Variable Costs. Costs that vary or change depending on the location of an industrial activity.
What is the purpose of separation of economic activities from the main production facility?
The physical separation of some economic activities from the main production facility, usually for the purpose of employing cheaper labor.
What does "non government" mean?
To change from government or public ownership or control to private ownership or control. Non Government Organizations (NGOs) Organization not run by a government but by a charity or private organization that supplies resources and money to local businesses and causes advancing economic and human development.
What is cottage industry?
Cottage Industry. A traditional type of manufacturing in the pre-industrial revolution era, practiced on a small scale in individual households as a part-time occupation and designed to produce handmade goods for local consumption. Guild Industry.
What is a high technology area?
Areas along or near major transportation arteries that are devoted to the research, development and sale of high-technology products. These areas develop because of the networking and synergistic advantages of concentrating high-tchnology enterprises in close proximity to one another. "Silicon Valley" is a prime example.
Who said the selection of optimal factory locations has much to do with the minimization of land, labor, resource, and?
Alfred Weber , the selection of optimal factory locations has much to do with the minimization of land, labor, resource, and transportation costs, variable-cost framework that affects location of factory sites.
What is structuralist theory?
a structuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. Based on the idea that certain types of political and economic relations (especially colonialism) between countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop
Who created the Rimland theory?
Rimland Theory. In 1942, Nichols Spyman created a theory which countered Mackinder's Heartland theory. Spyman stated that Eurasia's rimland, the coastal areas, is the key to controlling the World Island. example: His theory was influential mainly during the Cold War. The Soviet Union desired to control the rimland around them.
Who proposed the idea that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate?
A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world.
What is the name of the structure of the Earth?
through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes - the dynamics, composition or structure of the Earth, including its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, or of outer space
What is clustering in manufacturing?
a process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity
What is the theory of the central business district?
is a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate changes as the distance from the Central Business District (CBD) decreases
What is the model location of agri activities in a commercial, profit making economy?
the model location of agri activities in a commercial, profit making economy process of spatial competition allocates various farming activities into rings around market, how far from market
What is a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self?
a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will deplete a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's interest for this to happen
What is natural capital?
of natural capital is the ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself
What is commercial grain farming?
commercial grain agriculture, a farm on which no one lives; planting and harvesting is done by hired migratory crews
What is cargo transportation?
a location along a transport route where goods must be transferred fromone carrier to another. the cargoes of oceangoing ships are unloadedand put on trains, trucks or smaller riverboats for inland distribution
What is dependency theory?
dependency theory. a structuralism theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development.political and economic relations between countries have controlled and limit the extent towhich regions can develop. development. The extent to which a society is making effective use of both human and nature.
What is a service provider?
An organization that provides communications and networking services. Acommunications and networking "service provider."
What is closeproximity in manufacturing?
a process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities.refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from closeproximity
How is the location of manufacturing establishments determined?
the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by theminimization of three critical expenses; labor, transportation andagglomeration
What are the aspects of culture that serve to provide the necessities of life?
The unique way in which each culture uses it's particular physical environment;Those aspects of culture that serve to provide the necessities of life – Food,clothing, shelter, and defense
How does shortwave insulation work?
the blanket–like effect of the atmosphere in the heating of the Earth'ssurface; shortwave insulation passes through the "glass" of theatmospheric "greenhouse" heats the surface is converted to long–waveradiation that traps heat which raises earth temps. Gross DomesticProduct.