Difference Between Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus
- Cause. Even though both these conditions have a common name and a symptom of producing more urine, their pathophysiology has a significant difference.
- Polyuria. Diabetes mellitus leads to polyuria by a process known as osmotic diuresis as a result of a leakage of high blood sugar levels into the urine.
- Glycosuria. ...
Is there special diet for diabetes?
There truly is no such thing as a diabetic diet. It's really how we all should be eating, anyway. However, eating a diabetic diet, the idea is to help control our blood sugar by balancing our meals, choosing foods from all the different food groups.
What does it mean to be diabetes mellitus?
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease. It is characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is also called type 2 diabetes mellitus and adult-onset diabetes. That's because it used to start almost always in middle- and late-adulthood. However, more and more children and teens are developing this condition.
Can person with diabetes eat sugar?
If you have diabetes, your healthcare provider will probably advise that you eat less sugar than the AHA's recommendations. With a typical diet, you can quickly reach your sugar limit at breakfast. A pastry and a couple of cups of sweetened coffee will likely be above what's safe for you.
Is diabetes considered a disease?
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. It’s sometimes called juvenile diabetes because it’s often diagnosed in children and teens. In people with type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks the healthy tissues of the body and destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.
What Is Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease where there is too much sugar (glucose) floating around in your blood. This occurs because either the pancreas can’t produce enough insulin or the cells in your body have become resistant to insulin. When you eat food, the amount of glucose in your blood skyrockets. That’s because the food you eat is converted into glucose (usable energy for your cells) and enters your blood to be transported to your cells around the body. Special cells in your pancreas sense the increase of glucose and release insulin into your blood. Insulin has a lot of different jobs, but one of its main tasks is to help decrease blood glucose levels. It does this by activating a system which transports glucose from your blood into your cells. It also decreases blood glucose by stimulating an enzyme called glycogen synthase in the liver. This molecule is responsible for making glycogen, a long string of glucose, which is then stored in the liver and used in the future when there is a period of low blood glucose. As insulin works on your body, the amount of glucose in the blood slowly returns to the same level it was before you ate.. This glucose level when you haven’t eaten recently (called fasting glucose) sits around 3.5-6 mmol/L (70-110 mg/dL). Just after a meal, your blood glucose can jump as high as 7.8mmol/L (140 mg/dL) depending on how much and what you ate. There are two types of diabetes mellitus, type 1 and type 2. In both types, your body has trouble transporting sugar from your blood into your cells. This leads to high levels of glucose in your blood and a deficiency of glucose in your cells. The main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is the underlying mechanisms that cause your blood sugar to stray from the normal range. T Continue reading >>
What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood while diabetes insipidus is a disease where kidneys are unable to conserve water. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disease while diabetes mellitus is very common; "diabetes" in general usage refers to diabetes mellitus, which is of 3 types — gestational, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The causes, symptoms, treatment and prognosis for diabetes insipidus are different from diabetes mellitus. Comparison chart Excessive thirst, excess volume of severely diluted urine. High blood sugar, excessive urination, increased thirst, increased hunger. 3 in 100,000 people 7.7 per 1000 people Deficiency of ADH. Brain tumor, head injury, medication such as lithium, genetics Type 1 - Autoimmune Disease; Type 2 - Genetics, lifestyle, infection Typically desmopressin (nasal spray) or IM, IV hypertonic saline solution (3% or 5%). Thiazide diuretics. Insulin and lifestyle management Causes and Types of Diabetes Diabetes insipidus Diabetes insipidus, or DI, is characterized by the inability of kidneys to conserve water when they purify blood. This can be either because of: a deficiency of ADH (antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin), or a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH In the first case, the condition is called central DI, and in the second case it is called nephrogenic DI. Central DI is the more common form of the disease. Central DI can be inherited or caused due to damage to either the hypothalamus (the part of the brain that produces ADH) or the pituitary gland, where ADH is stored. Head injuries, tumors, infections or surgery can inflict such damage. Nephrogenic DI can be inherited (from mother to son) or be caused by kidney disease, hypercalcemia (excess calcium in the body) or by certain drugs such as lithiu Continue reading >>
What are the different types of diabetes insipidus?
What are the types of diabetes insipidus? Central Diabetes Insipidus The most common form of serious diabetes insipidus, central diabetes insipidus, results from damage to the pituitary gland, which disrupts the normal storage and release of ADH. Damage to the pituitary gland can be caused by different diseases as well as by head injuries, neurosurgery, or genetic disorders. To treat the ADH deficiency that results from any kind of damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary, a synthetic hormone called desmopressin can be taken by an injection, a nasal spray, or a pill. While taking desmopressin, a person should drink fluids only when thirsty and not at other times. The drug prevents water excretion, and water can build up now that the kidneys are making less urine and are less responsive to changes in body fluids. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus results when the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH. The kidneys' ability to respond to ADH can be impaired by drugs-like lithium, for example-and by chronic disorders including polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease, kidney failure, partial blockage of the ureters, and inherited genetic disorders. Sometimes the cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is never discovered. Desmopressin will not work for this form of diabetes insipidus. Instead, a person with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may be given hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or indomethacin. HCTZ is sometimes combined with another drug called amiloride. The combination of HCTZ and amiloride is sold under the brand name Moduretic. Again, with this combination of drugs, one should drink fluids only when thirsty and not at other times. Dipsogenic Diabetes insipidus Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect in or damage to the thirst Continue reading >>
How does diabetes mellitus affect the body?
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that prevents your body from properly using the energy from the food you eat. Diabetes occurs in one of the following situations: The pancreas (an organ behind your stomach) produces little insulin or no insulin at all. (Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone, produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, which helps the body use sugar for energy.) -Or- The pancreas makes insulin, but the insulin made does not work as it should. This condition is called insulin resistance. To better understand diabetes, it helps to know more about how the body uses food for energy (a process called metabolism). Your body is made up of millions of cells. To make energy, the cells need food in a very simple form. When you eat or drink, much of your food is broken down into a simple sugar called glucose. Glucose provides the energy your body needs for daily activities. The blood vessels and blood are the highways that transport sugar from where it is either taken in (the stomach) or manufactured (in the liver) to the cells where it is used (muscles) or where it is stored (fat). Sugar cannot go into the cells by itself. The pancreas releases insulin into the blood, which serves as the helper, or the "key," that lets sugar into the cells for use as energy. When sugar leaves the bloodstream and enters the cells, the blood sugar level is lowered. Without insulin, or the "key," sugar cannot get into the body's cells for use as energy. This causes sugar to rise. Too much sugar in the blood is called "hyperglycemia" (high blood sugar) or diabetes. What are the types of diabetes? There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2: Type 1 diabetes occurs because the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas (beta cells) are damaged. In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas Continue reading >>
Is diabetes a disease?
Technically speaking 'Diabetes' isn't a thing, there is no such disease. Diabetes Mellitus, which is the disease people mean when they say diabetes, is the disease resulting in inadequate blood sugar levels. Diabetes Insipidus is the other diabetes disease, it's a completely different disease that causes people to pee a lot because of inadequate ADH. When people say diabetes it's just common lingo and always means diabetes mellitus Continue reading >>
What Is The Difference Between Insulin Resistance And Diabetes?
Insulin resistance refers specifically to Type II Diabetes Mellitus while Diabetes is a general term that can refer to both Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus. They are two different types of Diabetes and I am assuming that you were referring to Diabetes Mellitus. For more information on Diabetes Insipidus, check out this link below:- Diabetes Mellitus is further of two types- Type I and Type II Type I is also called insulin dependent diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and it is caused by the lack of insulin secretion. It is an uncommon type and occurs in 5-10% of the patients. Type II, also called non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is initially caused by decrease sensitivity of target tissues to the metabolic effects of insulin. This reduced sensitivity is often called insulin resistance. It is the most common type and 90-95% of patients of Diabetes Mellitus have this type. Sources:- 1. Wikipedia 2. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology Continue reading >>
Why does diabetes mellitus occur?
It may occur due to defective insulin receptors over cell surfaces or abnormality on plasma protein amylin. The phenomenon is called insulin resistance. This type of diabetes mellitus accounts for 80-90% of all cases of diabetes.
What is the name of the disease that causes high blood sugar levels?
Diabetes Mellitus It is characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar level), glycosuria (glucose in urine), polyuria ( increased volume of urine due to the osmotic effect of glucose), polydipsia (excessivie thirst), polyphagia (excessive appetite). It is due to the hyposecretion of insulin or lack of insulin.
What percentage of diabetes is insulin dependent?
Many people refer to this as insulin-dependent diabetes. Type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes can occur from any age and accounts for around 90% of all diabetes. The body is unable to produce enough insulin or use insulin effectively.
How does diabetes affect the body?
There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Both types of diabetes are chronic diseases that affect the way your body regulates blood sugar, or glucose. Glucose is the fuel that feeds your body’s cells, but to enter your cells it needs a key. Insulin is that key. People with type 1 diabetes don’t produce insulin. You can think of it as not having a key. People with type 2 diabetes don’t respond to insulin as well as they should and later in the disease often don’t make enough insulin. You can think of this as having a broken key. Both types of diabetes can lead to chronically high blood sugar levels. That increases the risk of diabetes complications. Both types of diabetes, if not controlled, share many similar symptoms, including: frequent urination feeling very thirsty and drinking a lot feeling very hungry feeling very fatigued blurry vision cuts or sores that don’t heal properly People with type 1 diabetes may also experience irritability and mood changes, and unintentionally lose weight. People with type 2 diabetes may also have numbness and tingling in their hands or feet. Although many of the symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are similar, they present in very different ways. Many people with type 2 diabetes won’t have symptoms for many years. Then often the symptoms of type 2 diabetes develop slowly over the course of time. Some people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms at all and don’t discover their condition until complications develop. The symptoms of type 1 diabetes develop fast, typically over the course of several weeks. Type 1 diabetes, which was once known as juvenile diabetes, usually develops in childhood or adolescence. But it’s possible to get type 1 diabetes later in life. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes may have simi Continue reading >>
How many people have diabetes?
It is estimated that more than 200 million people worldwide currently have diabetes and that number is predicted to rise by over 120% by 2025.1 It has become a chronic disease with several complications. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classified as type 1 diabetes (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM), gestational diabetes, monogenic diabetes and secondary diabetes.2 There is a current trend towards more children developing T1DM and more than half a million children are estimated to be living with the disease. The most important ocular complication is diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common cause of blindness in Europe.3 Development of DR is similar in both DM types. DR screening uses a non-mydriatic fundus camera, a cost-effective way of screening DM populations.4 Screening frequency varies according to DM type.5 Our group rolled out a screening programme in 2000 that included general practitioners and endocrinologists,6 and we reported an increase in the incidence of DR in a previously published study.7 In this study, we determine the incidence of any-DR, sight-threatening retinopathy (STDR) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO) in patients with T1DM and its differences in patients with T2DM. Materials and methods Setting: The reference population in our area is 247 174. The total number of patients with DM registered with our healthcare area is 17 792 (7.1%). Design: A prospective, population-based study, conducted from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2015. A total of 366 patients with T1DM and 15 030 with T2DM were screened. Power of the study: Our epidemiologist estimates the detection of a ±3% increase in risk and 95% accuracy. Method: Screening for DR was carried out with one 45° field retinography, centred on the fovea. If DR was suspected, a total of nine retinographies of 45° Continue reading >>
What is the role of insulin in the pancreas?
Insulin is a type of hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate how blood sugar becomes energy. An imbalance of insulin or resistance to insulin causes diabetes. Diabetes is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, vision loss, neurological conditions, and damage to blood vessels and organs.
What does diabetes mean in Latin?
The term mellitus, in Latin, means “sweet.”. Diabetes mellitus causes high blood glucose levels and glucose eventually spills into the urine. The glucose spillage causes water loss and thus ...
How much urine does diabetes insipidus produce?
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is actually a rare disease where the kidneys produce a large volume of dilute urine. Kidneys normally produce 1-3 liters of urine every 24 hours. With diabetes insipidus, urine output exceeds 3 liters every 24 hours and is often considerably higher (15-20 liters per 24 hours). Urine output is regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), that is also called arginine vasopressin (AVP). ADH is made in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. ADH is secreted to guide the kidneys on storing or releasing water so as to maintain an appropriate balance of electrolytes (sodium, chloride, potassium) and carbon dioxide. It also regulates the sensation of thirst.
What causes high blood glucose levels?
Diabetes mellitus causes high blood glucose levels and glucose eventually spills into the urine. The glucose spillage causes water loss and thus you have the classic polyuria and polydipsia. The term “ insipidus, “ in Latin, means tasteless.
Can diabetes insipidus be caused by trauma?
It can also be caused by blockage of the urinary tract (urinary retention, trauma). The signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus include: Diabetes insipidus would be difficult to diagnose in the prehospital setting. Patients with known diabetes insipidus can usually drink enough water to compensate.
Is diabetes mellitus related to diabetes insipidus?
Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are not related. (Photo/U.S. Food and Drug Administration) If you have been in EMS long enough, you may well have encountered a patient with diabetes insipidus. Like many, you may have assumed that it is a variant of the common disease diabetes mellitus.
Can diabetes insipidus be diagnosed in the prehospital setting?
Nocturia (excess urination at night) Dilute urine (low specific gravity) Diabetes insipidus would be difficult to diagnose in the prehospital setting. Patients with known diabetes insipidus can usually drink enough water to compensate.
What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes Mellitus is caused due to the lack of insulin or hyposecretion of insulin. There are two types of diabetes mellitus viz type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The type 1 diabetes mellitus is also called Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM).
What is diabetes insipidus caused by?
Diabetes Insipidus is caused by the deficiency of ADH. In this, the person suffers from polyurea. It is also called Drinker’s disease. The table given below will help you understand the major differences between the two. Also Read: Insulin and Glucagon.
Is it normal to have sugar in your urine?
Normal. Excretion of sugar in the urine. Yes. No. Symptoms. Feeling extremely thirsty, excessive eating and urine production. Thirsty, excretion of large amounts of urine, and dehydration. Also Read: Human Insulin. These were some of the important difference between Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus.
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes are two types of Diabetes.Diabetes Mellitus is a condition where the blood glucose level is increased beyond the normal level and the action of the insulin is blocked. In type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, there is a total deficiency of insulin.
What is it called when the pancreas produces insulin?
Insulin deficiency or failure of receptor to respond to the insulin properly is called insulin resistance . If the body has no insulin (failure of beta cells in the pancreas- where insulin production occur) then that Diabetes mellitus is named as type 1 ...
How old do you have to be to have type 2 diabetes?
Compared with type 1, the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients have insulin, but the insulin cannot act and stimulate it’s receptor. Usually after 40 years of age, specially the people with obesity or high BMI (body mass index) will develop insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Does Metformin increase insulin secretion?
The type two diabetes mellitus patients usually treated with oral hypo glycaemic drugs ( the tablets taken orally to reduce the sugar in your blood) some of this drugs will reduce the resistance of the receptor (ex Metformin) some will increase the insulin secretion.
Is there a cure for diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease which needs lifelong care and there is no definite treatment to CURE the diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus is a condition where the blood glucose level is increased beyond the normal level. When blood glucose is raised in the blood, the hormone INSULIN will be secreted by the pancreas.
Do diabetics have to do regular exercise?
Both types of diabetes people should have diet control for diabetes. They are encouraged to do regular exercises. They have to check EYE (Retinopathy) Kidneys (nephropathy) and the nerves (neuropathy). Diabetes patient has high risk of developing hyperlipidemia and heart diseases.
Can you get diabetes if you have a family history?
But it does not mean that you will get the disease for certain.
How to control blood sugar if you have type 1 diabetes?
If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, you’ll usually manage your blood sugar with insulin shots or other medications. Check it daily to make sure it’s in a safe range. You’ll need to eat a healthy diet and get regular exerciseto keep your weight, cholesterol, and blood pressure down.
What is it called when your pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin?
Diabetes mellitus is more commonly known simply as diabetes. It’s when your pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin to control the amount of glucose, or sugar, in your blood.
How much water does diabetes insipidus make?
Normally, they filter your bloodstream to make about a quart or 2 each day. When you have diabetes insipidus, it’s more like 3 to 20 quarts, and it’s mostly water. This dramatic loss of fluid makes you really thirsty. Symptoms of Each.
Can MRI show diabetes?
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI): An MRI can’t diagnose diabetes insipidus. But it can show problems with your hypothalamus or pituitary gland. These issues can cause the disease. They can be because of a gene mutation or damage from a head injury, surgery, infection, or a tumor.
Is there a cure for diabetes mellitus?
There’s no cure for diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, but you can manage them.
Is diabetes related to diabetes mellitus?
These two diseases aren’t related. They cause different problems and have very different treatments. Diabetes mellitus is more commonly known simply as diabetes. It’s when your pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulinto control the amount of glucose, or sugar, in your blood.
Does aspirin help with diabetes?
It comes as a nasal spray, shot, or pill. Nephrogenic:Diuretics(drugs that help your body get rid of excess sodium and water) and aspirin or ibuprofen can help with symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Your doctor also may check to make sure that the calcium and potassium in your body are in balance.
