Wing valve comes on the arm of the Christmas tree, on the line where the flow line starts. The actuator is again hydraulic or pneumatic based on the requirement. The wing valve can be a gate valve or ball valve. When shutting in the well, the wing gate or valve is normally used so that the tubing pressure can be easily read.
What is the function of a wing valve?
Wing valve comes on the arm of the Christmas tree, on the line where the flow line starts. The actuator is again hydraulic or pneumatic based on the requirement. The wing valve can be a gate valve or ball valve. When shutting in the well, the wing gate or valve is normally used so that the tubing pressure can be easily read.
Why are valves placed on top of wellheads?
They are placed on top of wellheads after production has started to direct and control product from the well. These valves also serve many other purposes such as to relieve pressure, inject chemicals, monitor safety equipment, provide electrical interfaces for control systems, and much more.
What is a well service valve?
The Well Service Valve may be present on some Christmas tree, where Diesel pumping is required for initial start-up. It is on the other arm of the Christmas tree, and usually, the size is lesser than that of the wing valve.
What is the function of a wellhead?
A wellhead serves numerous functions, some of which are: Provide a means of casing suspension. ( Casing is the permanently installed pipe used to line the well hole for pressure containment and collapse prevention during the drilling phase). Provides a means of tubing suspension.
What is the function of Xmas tree?
Purpose of the Christmas tree is as follows: It provides a means to control the flow of production fluids from the well which serves as the primary purpose of this equipment. It diverts the fluid flow through the wing valve to the flow lines ensuring safety of the facilities.
What is master valve in oil well?
A master valve is located above the tubing hanger and its function is to allow the well to flow or shut the well in. Typically, there are two master valves. One is called a lower master valve and another is an upper master valve. Two valves are often used because they provide redundancy.
What is master valve function?
The purpose of the master valve is to shut off the water to the irrigation system when none of the zone valves are opening. A master valve working with a flow sensor can serve as a water conservation method, and should have the controller programmed to shut off the master valve only in the event of a leak.
What is the difference between wellhead and Xmas tree?
Many times, the words Christmas Tree and Wellhead are used interchangeably; however, a wellhead and Christmas tree are entirely separate pieces of equipment. A wellhead must be present in order to utilize a Christmas tree and is used without a Christmas tree during drilling operations.
What is a wing valve?
A wing valve is a piece of flow-control equipment used in oil and gas operations. It is part of a Christmas tree and used to shut in flow from a producing well. A Christmas tree is typically fitted with two wing valves, one on each side.
What is a wellhead choke?
Wellhead chokes are used to limit production rates for regulations, protect surface equipment from slugging, avoid sand problems due to high drawdown, and control flow rate to avoid water or gas coning. Two types of wellhead chokes are used. They are (1) positive (fixed) chokes and (2) adjustable chokes.
Where is master valve located?
A master valve is an electric valve installed at the main water supply for the irrigation system.
What is a SSV valve?
Surface Safety Valve (SSV) is a pneumatic or hydraulically actuated fail-safe close gate valve used for well testing or production of oil and gas wells with high flow rates, high pressures, or the presence of H2S.
Is master valve necessary?
Master valves are a common component in most irrigation systems, but they are not always required. A master valve is an automatic valve that is installed at the point where the irrigation system connects to the water supply.
What are the different types of wellhead?
Types of wellhead systems Land. Surface locations offshore (jackup or platform) Subsea.
What is Christmas tree valve?
use in oil drilling …valves, referred to as a Christmas tree, is installed at the top of the well. The valves regulate flow from the well and allow tools for subsurface work to be lowered through the tubing on a wire line. Christmas trees may be very simple, as in those found on low-pressure…
Why gate valve is used in Christmas tree?
The lower master valve is a gate valve used to limit the amount of flow into the Christmas tree from the wellhead. It is manually actuated in most cases and is kept in a restricted, partially open position during production.
What is mast in actuator?
MAST is the Maximum Allowable Stem Torque to which a quarter-turn valve stem can be subjected during operation without mechanical failure.
What is Mast value of a valve?
The MAST value is the maximum allowable stem torque, defined as the greatest torque to which a valve stem can be subjected to during operation without mechanical failure (Habonim 2017). Historically, its relevance was somewhat shadowed in the valve and actuation industry when it came to actuator sizing.
What are wellhead valves?
Wellhead valves are on/off controls used in oil and gas well drilling, completion and production. Mainly located in two positions on conventional wellhead assemblies; in the wing position of the casing head, casing spool or tubing spool, they are designed to operate in a fully open or fully closed position.
Different types of wellhead valves
Wellhead valves can be divided into two main types: parallel and wedge. Parallel gate valves use a flat gate between two parallel seats, and the popular type is the knife gate valve designed with a sharp edge on the bottom of the gate.
Features of wellhead valves
1. The gate valve family allows and closes every operation of wellheads, Christmas tree systems, and choke and kill manifolds—from drilling and completion capping to production.
What is a wing valve?
wing valve is a piece of flow-control equipment used in oil and gas operations. It is part of a Christmas tree and used to shut in flow from a producing well. A Christmas tree is typically fitted with two wing valves, one on each side. Hydraulic tree wing valves are designed to be failsafe valves and require the application of hydraulic pressure to remain open. If minimum operating pressure is not maintained, the valve automatically closes, preventing a release of hydrocarbons to the environment.
What was the root cause of the wing valve failure?
The OEM determined that the root cause of the incident was the accidental over-pressurization of the wing valve during manufacturing qualification testing . According to the OEM, over-pressurization of the equipment during qualification testing occurred previously on three separate occasions; however, the OEM did not take actions robust enough to prevent reoccurrences. No additional information was provided to BSEE about the prior incidents. Based on the RCA findings, the OEM made the following changes:
What year did the wing valve fail?
On January 20, 2010, a 10 ksi-rated flanged bonnet designed wing valve failed at an Original Equipment Manufacturer’s (OEM) test facility. The wing valve was designed for a 3,000-psi hydraulic operating pressure with a qualification test rating of 4,700 psi. During qualification pressure testing, the wing valve’s eight fasteners1 were subjected to excessive pressures, resulting in the disengagement of the fasteners (stripped threads) from the retainer ring which holds the hydraulic operating piston in the actuator. This testing failure also posed a risk of serious injury to manufacturing personnel during qualification testing at the OEM facility.
What is wellhead?
Wellhead consists of components of an oil well which are located above the surface. Wellhead acts as an interface between the casing strings in oil wellbore and surface facilities. Well head provides suspending point for the casing strings running through the wellbore and also acts to contain the pressure inside the casing strings.
Why do wellheads have casings?
These casings contain different well fluids. A wellhead serves to keep these casings separated from each other to avoid mixing of fluids.
What is the purpose of casing in a well?
Casing also serves to avoid mixing of fluids from different formations through which the wellbore runs .
What is the purpose of tubings in oil production?
Tubings are passed through the casing from surface to the oil reservoir to facilitate the transfer of fluids to the surface. The tubings responsible for oil production are called production tubings. A well head also provides a point for suspension of tubings.
Why do oil and gas wells need a tubing holddown?
This is due to the reduced bottom hole pressure; the removal of a packer helps to reduce formation pressure, and aids in promoting fluid flow.
When to use polished rods for horse head?
When the horse head is at its peak, and the rod has the highest rod exposure outside the hole; the polished rod should be able to extend far enough beneath the stuffing box to drop the rod liner until it is up alongside the stuffing box.
How to prevent paraffin buildup?
To help prevent paraffin buildup, a common practice is to use a rod rotator (See Figure 4). This device is attached to the walking beam and situated on the wellhead. As the pumping unit pumps, the rotator slightly turns the rods with each stroke. Scrapers are utilized and placed close enough so that as the rods rotate with every stroke, the small over-travel scrapes the paraffin off.
What is a polished rod clamp?
Polished Rod Clamp. As seen in Figure 3, polished rod clamps are utilized during transportation to reinforce the rod string while the additional weight is carried by the carrier bar and bridle. The polished rod clamp is obtainable anywhere from one bolt up to four or five bolts (depending upon the rod load requirements). In some situations, lease pumpers may utilize two clamps for safety purposes.
What is the right hand valve?
The right-hand valve is often called production wing valve beacause it is in the flow path of production fluids. It is often manually controlled but it can be motorized so that remotely actuated.
What is the valve at the top called?
The valve at the top is called swab valve and it is used for well interventions like slickline, wireline or coiled tubing.
What are the two lower valves called?
The two lower valves are called respectively lower master valve and upper master valve. During normal production, the lower master valve is kept open while the upper master valve is used to place the well in safe conditions and is often hydraulically or pneumatically actuated.
What is well intervention?
Also, it includes additional functions such as chemical injection points, well intervention means, pressure relief means (such as annulus vent), tree and well monitoring points (such as pressure, temperature, corrosion, etc.).
Can a wellhead be used without a Christmas tree?
A wellhead must be present in order to utilize a Christmas tree and is used without a Christmas tree during drilling operations. Producing wells that require pumps, such as Sucher Rod Pumping Systems, frequently do not utilize any tree due to no pressure containment requirement.
