The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence [a] is a series of letters that were exchanged during World War I in which the Government of the United Kingdom agreed to recognize Arab independence after the war in exchange for the Sharif of Mecca launching the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire.
What was the McMahon agreement and what did it do?
The McMahon Agreement. historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, . . The McMahon-Hussein Agreement of October 1915 was accepted by Palestinians as a promise by the British that after World War One, land previously held by the Turks would be returned to the Arab nationals who lived in that land.
What was the significance of the McMahon-Mahon correspondence?
Ḥusayn-McMahon correspondence, a series of letters exchanged in 1915–16, during World War I, between Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, emir of Mecca, and Sir Henry McMahon, the British high commissioner in Egypt. In general terms, the correspondence effectively traded British support of an independent Arab state in exchange...
Does McMahon’s promise of 1915 include Palestine?
There has been much disagreement as to whether this promise included Palestine. The area promised to the Arabs in McMahon’s letter of Oct 1915 excluded only the territory to the west of a line from Damascus north to Aleppo. Palestine, far to the south, was, by implication, included.
What was the McMahon memorandum of 1915?
With reference to Palestine, the memorandum read: “H.M.G. [His Majesty’s Government] are committed by Sir Henry McMahon’s letter to the Sherif on October 24, 1915, to its inclusion in the boundaries of Arab independence .” (2)
What did Britain promise the Arabs in ww1?
In order to enlist the military and political support of the Arabs, Britain promises to support their struggle for independence in most of the lands hitherto ruled by the Ottoman Turks, presumably including Palestine (see the correspondence between Sharif Husayn and MacMahon).
Who is McMahon ww1?
Lieutenant Colonel Sir Vincent Arthur Henry McMahon GCMG GCVO KCIE CSI KStJ (28 November 1862 – 29 December 1949) was a British Indian Army officer and diplomat who served as the High Commissioner in Egypt from 1915 to 1917.
What do we know about the author of Sir Henry McMahon's letter to Husain bin Ali?
Sir Henry McMahon's Letter to Ali ibn Husain was written in 1915 by the British High Commissioner Henry McMahon to Husain bin Ali, the Sherif [Noble] of Mecca. It is one of ten letters between the two through which McMahon attempted to gain Husain's support for the British in World War I.
What do the blue and red shaded sections of the Sykes Picot agreement represent?
The original map draw by Sykes and Picot on May 8, 1916 depicting their agreement. Their signatures on on the bottom right hand corner. The dark blue section represents the part of the Middle East that, according the agreement, the French will control at the end of WWI. The red shows where the British will control.
What did Britain promise Arabs?
Great Britain is prepared to recognise and support the independence of the Arabs in all the regions within the limits demanded by the Sherif of Mecca." Other: Promised to protect the Holy Places, provide advice and assistance on government, with an understanding that only Britain will play such a role.
What was the mandate system ww1?
mandate, an authorization granted by the League of Nations to a member nation to govern a former German or Turkish colony. The territory was called a mandated territory, or mandate.
When was the Balfour's Declaration issued?
November 2, 1917On November 2, 1917, Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour writes an important letter to Britain's most illustrious Jewish citizen, Baron Lionel Walter Rothschild, expressing the British government's support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The letter would eventually become known as the Balfour Declaration.
What did the Balfour agreement say?
The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued by the British government in 1917 during the First World War announcing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, then an Ottoman region with a small minority Jewish population.
Who is the Sykes-Picot agreement between?
Great Britain and FranceOn May 19, 1916, representatives of Great Britain and France secretly reach an accord, known as the Sykes-Picot agreement, by which most of the Arab lands under the rule of the Ottoman Empire are to be divided into British and French spheres of influence with the conclusion of World War I.
Why was the Sykes-Picot agreement a secret?
The agreement was concluded in secret partly because it represented a betrayal of promises the British government had already made to Hussein bin Ali, the sharif of Mecca.
What is Sykes-Picot and why is it important?
The Sykes-Picot Agreement was a private wartime treaty between Britain and France which was to determine the post-war partition of Arab Middle East lands. 2. It was named after its chief negotiators, Mark Sykes of Britain and Georges Picot of France.
How do you pronounce Sykes-Picot agreement?
0:051:01How To Say Sykes-Picot - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSoy explicado el picado soy explicado o aplicado soy explicado o picado ha explicado o aplicado soyMoreSoy explicado el picado soy explicado o aplicado soy explicado o picado ha explicado o aplicado soy explicado o picado.
Is Vince McMahon a billionaire?
Vince McMahon is known as one of the faces of World Wrestling Entertainment. However, he retired as the chairman and chief executive officer of the WWE amid the controversies and misconduct investigation he's facing....Vince McMahon's net worth in 2022.Vince McMahon Net Worth$2.4 billionProfessionProfessional Wrestler3 more rows•Jul 22, 2022
Is Vince McMahon a nice guy?
From Stone Cold to Hulk Hogan, to even the Undertaker, Mr. McMahon has been ruthless in his ambitions, despite the occasional flutter of humanity (seen in late 1999, and in 2009). But for all his evil doings, Vince, the man behind the character, has proven himself to be a good guy.
What's Vince McMahon's net worth?
2.5 billion USD (2022)Vince McMahon / Net worth
Is Vince McMahon still alive?
McMahon would not live to see his company grow from a territorial promotion to what is now a worldwide organization. On May 24, 1984, McMahon died at age 69 from pancreatic cancer. McMahon and his wife Juanita are buried at Our Lady Queen of Heaven Catholic Cemetery in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
What did Hussein say about McMahon's correspondence?
Hussein interpreted the correspondence given to him by McMahon as a clear indication that Palestine would be given to the Palestinians once the war had ended. The British government was later to dispute this interpretation.
What were the two schools of thought that had developed regarding Palestine?
By the time war ended in November 1918, two distinct schools of thought had developed regarding Palestine: 1) That the British had promised Palestine to the Arabs after the war had ended in return for their support to the Allies in the war.
What did Hussein McMahon promise?
The Hussein-McMahon correspondence of 1915–16 promised British support for Arab independence in exchange for Arab support against the Ottoman Empire. Though the correspondence discussed the extent of territory under Arab rule, historical Palestine, which was not located along the disputed edges and whose population was predominantly…
What was the purpose of the Hussein-McMahon correspondence?
In general terms, the correspondence effectively traded British support of an independent Arab state for Arab assistance in opposing the Ottoman Empire.
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Overview
Territorial reservations and Palestine
McMahon's letter to Hussein dated 24 October 1915 declared Britain's willingness to recognize the independence of the Arabs subject to certain exemptions. The original correspondence was conducted in both English and Arabic; slightly differing English translations are extant.
The districts of Mersina and Alexandretta, and portions of Syria lying to the we…
McMahon's letter to Hussein dated 24 October 1915 declared Britain's willingness to recognize the independence of the Arabs subject to certain exemptions. The original correspondence was conducted in both English and Arabic; slightly differing English translations are extant.
The districts of Mersina and Alexandretta, and portions of Syria lying to the we…
Background
The first documented discussions between the UK and the Hashemites took place in February 1914, five months prior to the outbreak of World War I. Discussions were between the Consul-General in Egypt Lord Kitchener and Abdullah bin al-Hussein, the second son of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca. Hussein had grown uncomfortable with the newly appointed Ottoman governo…
Letters, July 1915 to March 1916
Following deliberations at Ta'if between Hussein and his sons in June 1915, during which Faisal counselled caution, Ali argued against rebellion and Abdullah advocated action and encouraged his father to enter into correspondence with Sir Henry McMahon; over the period 14 July 1915 to 10 March 1916. Ten letters—five from each side—were exchanged between Sir Henry McMahon and Sharif Hussein. McMahon was in contact with British Foreign Secretary Edward Grey throughout; …
Arab Revolt, June 1916 to October 1918
McMahon's promises were seen by the Arabs as a formal agreement between themselves and the United Kingdom. British Prime Minister David Lloyd George and Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour represented the agreement as a treaty during the post-war deliberations of the Council of Four. On this understanding the Arabs, under the command of Hussein's son Faisal, established a military force that fought, with inspiration from T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), against the Ottom…
Related commitments, May 1916 to November 1918
The Sykes–Picot Agreement between the UK and France was negotiated from the end of November 1915 until its agreement in principle on 3 January 1916. The French government became aware of the UK's correspondence with Hussein during December 1915 but were not aware formal commitments had been made.
The agreement was exposed in December 1917; it was made public by the Bolsheviks after the Ru…
Post-War outcome, 1919 to 1925
One day before the end of the war with the Ottomans, the British Foreign Office discussed T.E. Lawrence's "Sherifian Plan", in which Hussein's sons were proposed as puppet monarchs in Syria and Mesopotamia. Part of the rationale was to satisfy a belief among the British public that a debt was owed to the Hashemites under the McMahon correspondence. Of Hussein's sons, Faisal w…
See also
• Pan-Arabism