What is the ground state electron configuration of zinc (Zn)?
Ground state electron configuration of zinc (Zn) is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2. The electron configuration shows that the last shell of zinc has two electrons and the d-orbital has a total of ten electrons.
What group is zinc in on the periodic table?
It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn 2+ and Mg 2+ ions are of similar size. Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust and has five stable isotopes.
What is the atomic number of zinc?
Zinc is an element with atomic symbol Zn, atomic number 30, and atomic weight 65.39. A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) (See all compounds classified as Trace Elements .)
What is the most common type of zinc?
Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust and has five stable isotopes. The most common zinc ore is sphalerite (zinc blende), a zinc sulfide mineral. The largest workable lodes are in Australia, Asia, and the United States.
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What is standard state of an element?
The standard states of elements are the forms that they adopt at a temperature of 25°C and pressure of 1 atmosphere (1 atm). These forms of the elements are the reactants in the formation equations of multi-element substances. The heat of formation (∆Hf°) of an element in its standard state is zero.
What is the standard state of iodine?
SolidBasic InformationNameIodineStandard stateSolid at 298 KCAS Registry ID7553-56-2Group in periodic table17Group nameHalogen11 more rows
How do you identify a standard state?
You know that something is in its standard state if it satisfies certain conditions:The temperature should be 25 degrees Celsius (usually).All liquids and solids are pure.The concentration of all solutions is 1 M at 1 atm.All gases are at 1 atm.Elements are in their most stable phase.
What is the standard state of hydrogen?
diatomic gasAt standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2.
What is standard state of carbon?
Graphite and diamond are both forms of elemental carbon, but because graphite is more stable at 1 atm pressure and 25°C, the standard state of carbon is graphite (Figure 1.9.
What is the standard state of sodium?
SolidFact boxGroup197.794°C, 208.029°F, 370.944 KAtomic number1122.990State at 20°CSolid23NaElectron configuration[Ne] 3s17440-23-5ChemSpider ID4514534ChemSpider is a free chemical structure database2 more rows
What do you mean by standard state?
Standard State. For the compound: A gas is said to be at standard state conditions if the pressure of the gas is 1 atm. A solute is said to be at standard state conditions if the the concentration of the solute is 1 M. Pure solids and liquids are in there standard states.
What is copper in its standard state?
Cite. Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Classified as a transition metal, Copper is a solid at room temperature.
What kind of metal is zinc?
transition metalRepresented in the periodic table as Zn, zinc is a transition metal, grouped with cadmium and mercury. With the middling atomic number 30, it has five stable isotopes of atomic weight from the dominant zinc 64 to zinc 70, plus an extra 25 radioisotopes.
What is the standard state of nitrogen?
GasFact boxGroup15−210.0°C, −346.0°F, 63.2 KAtomic number714.007State at 20°CGas14NElectron configuration[He] 2s22p37727-37-9ChemSpider ID20473555ChemSpider is a free chemical structure database2 more rows
What is the standard state of oxygen?
Oxygen (the element) at standard state is O2. The same is true other other gaseous elements, such as hydrogen and nitrogen, and solid elements, such as carbon in its graphite form. The standard enthalpy of formation is zero for elements in their standard states.
What is the standard state of sulfur?
solidSulfur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. Classified as a nonmetal, Sulfur is a solid at room temperature.
Is iodine solid or liquid?
solidIodine is a nonmetallic, nearly black solid at room temperature and has a glittering crystalline appearance. The molecular lattice contains discrete diatomic molecules, which are also present in the molten and the gaseous states. Above 700 °C (1,300 °F), dissociation into iodine atoms becomes appreciable.
Is iodide a solid liquid or gas?
As a pure element, iodine is a lustrous purple-black nonmetal that is solid under standard conditions. It sublimes (changes from a solid to a gaseous state while bypassing a liquid form) easily and gives off a purple vapor.
Does iodine have a liquid state?
As Mike notes, iodine can indeed be a liquid at atmospheric pressure between 113.7 oC and 184.3 oC.
Is I2 a gas?
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at 114 °C (237 °F), and boils to a violet gas at 184 °C (363 °F)....Iodine.ManganeseIronCobaltNickelBromine6 more columns
What is the SRP code for zinc?
For zinc, elemental (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 129015) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
How is zinc mined?
Zinc ore is mined using both underground mining and open pit mining. The mined zinc ores are too low in zinc content for direct reduction to refined metal; thus, they are first concentrated. Production of concentrates requires crushing and grinding followed by gravity or magnetic methods of separation or flotation. These processes may be combined, depending on the complexity of the ore. A caustic-leach process is used to decrease the extent of metal loss during the concentration process. In this process, the metal is leached by caustic soda, the resulting electrolyte is purified with zinc dust and lime, and the zinc is electrodeposited. The crude zinc may be dissolved in sulfuric acid and purified by electrodeposition.
What is HSDB in metals?
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) Alloys of zinc with iridium, platinum, or rhodium, after extraction with acid, leave residues which explode on warming in air, owing to the presence of occluded hydrogen (or oxygen) in the catalytic metal powders so produced.
How long should zinc be separated before administration?
Avoid milk and dairy products. Separate the use of zinc from these products by at least 2 hours before administration. Separate for 2 hours after administration if these products also contain phosphorus.
How is zinc released from food?
Zinc is released from food as free ions during its digestion. These freed ions may then combine with endogenously secreted ligands before their transport into the enterocytes in the duodenum and jejunum. [L2092]. Selected transport proteins may facilitate the passage of zinc across the cell membrane into the hepatic circulation. With high intake, zinc may also be absorbed through a passive paracellular route [L2092]. The portal system carries absorbed zinc directly into the hepatic circulation, and then it is released into systemic circulation for delivery to various tissues. Although, serum zinc represents only 0.1% of the whole body zinc, the circulating zinc turns over rapidly to meet tissue needs [L2092].
What is zinc ashes?
Zinc ashes appears as a grayish colored powder. May produce toxic zinc oxide fumes when heated to very high temperatures or when burned. Insoluble in water. Used in paints, bleaches and to make other chemicals.
How is zinc absorbed?
Zinc is absorbed in the small intestine by a carrier-mediated mechanism [L2092]. Under regular physiologic conditions, transport processes of uptake do not saturate. The exact amount of zinc absorbed is difficult to determine because zinc is secreted into the gut. Zinc administered in aqueous solutions to fasting subjects is absorbed quite efficiently (at a rate of 60-70%), however, absorption from solid diets is less efficient and varies greatly, dependent on zinc content and diet composition [L2092]. Generally, 33% is considered to be the average zinc absorption in humans [L2092]. More recent studies have determined different absorption rates for various populations based on their type of diet and phytate to zinc molar ratio. Zinc absorption is concentration dependent and increases linearly with dietary zinc up to a maximum rate [L20902]. Additionally zinc status may influence zinc absorption. Zinc -deprived humans absorb this element with increased efficiency, whereas humans on a high- zinc diet show a reduced efficiency of absorption [L2092].
How much zinc is in the human body?
Zinc is essential for all living things, forming the active site in over 20 metallo-enzymes. The average human body contains about 2.5 grams and takes in about 15 milligrams per day. Some foods have above average levels of zinc, including herring, beef, lamb, sunflower seeds and cheese.
How many isotopes does zinc have?
With the middling atomic number 30, it has five stable isotopes of atomic weight from the dominant zinc 64 to zinc 70, plus an extra 25 radioisotopes. Because of its hazy origins, it's difficult to pin down one person as the discoverer of the element.
What is zinc used for?
Uses. Most zinc is used to galvanise other metals, such as iron, to prevent rusting. Galvanised steel is used for car bodies, street lamp posts, safety barriers and suspension bridges. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die-castings, which are important in the automobile, electrical and hardware industries.
What is density in science?
Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm 3 at room temperature. Relative atomic mass. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Where was zinc first used?
Zinc was known to the Romans but rarely used. It was first recognised as a metal in its own right in India and the waste from a zinc smelter at Zawar, in Rajasthan, testifies to the large scale on which it was refined during the period 1100 to the 1500.
What is a vertical column in the periodic table?
A vertical column in the periodic table. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. Period. A horizontal row in the periodic table. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. Block.
Is zinc a secretive metal?
In use, Zinc is often hidden away, almost secretive. It stops iron rusting, soothes sunburn, keeps dandruff at bay, combines with copper to make a very familiar gold-coloured alloy and keeps us alive, but we hardly notice it. This blue-grey metal, known commercially as spelter, is anything but flashy and attention-grabbing. Even the origins of that evocative name are uncertain.
Why is zinc important for the body?
Zinc is also important to wound healing and your sense of taste and smell.
What is zinc oxide cream?
Zinc that's used topically is known as zinc oxide. Zinc oxide cream, ointment or paste is applied to the skin to prevent conditions such as diaper rash and sunburn.
How long after zinc can you take antibiotics?
Taking the antibiotic two hours before or four to six hours after taking zinc can minimize this effect. Penicillamine. Using oral zinc with the rheumatoid arthritis drug penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen) can reduce the drug's ability to ease arthritis symptoms.
What blood pressure medication increases the amount of zinc lost in urine?
Thiazide diuretics. These blood pressure drugs increase the amount of zinc lost in urine.
Can zinc help with diarrhea?
Oral zinc supplements can reduce the symptoms of diarrhea in children with low levels of zinc, such as from malnutrition. There isn't enough evidence to recommend use of oral zinc for children with diarrhea who have a healthy, varied diet. Age-related macular degeneration.
Does zinc help with colds?
People use oral zinc to help treat colds, but it can decrease the effectiveness of certain drugs and cause side effects.
Can you use zinc intranasal?
Don't use intranasal zinc. This form of zinc has been linked with the loss of the sense of smell.
Zinc (Zn) electron configuration through orbit
Scientist Niels Bohr was the first to give an idea of the atom’s orbit. He provided a model of the atom in 1913. The complete idea of the orbit is given there. The electrons of the atom revolve around the nucleus in a certain circular path. These circular paths are called orbit (shell). These orbits are expressed by n. [n = 1,2,3,4 .
Electron configuration of zinc (Zn) through orbital
The German physicist Aufbau first proposed an idea of electron configuration through sub-orbits. The Aufbau method is to do electron configuration through the sub-energy level. These sub-orbitals are expressed by ‘l’.
How to write the orbital diagram for zinc (Zn)?
To create an orbital diagram of an atom, you first need to know Hund’s principle and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Hund’s principle is that electrons in different orbitals with the same energy would be positioned in such a way that they could be in the unpaired state of maximum number and the spin of the unpaired electrons will be one-way.
What is the public health statement for zinc?
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for Zinc. It is one in a series of Public Health Statements about hazardous substances and their health effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQs TM, is also available. This information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636.
What is the average zinc concentration in air?
Air near industrial areas may have higher levels of zinc. The average zinc concentration for a 1-year period was 5 μg/m 3 in one area near an industrial source.
How much zinc is in the air?
Average levels of zinc in the air throughout the United States are less than 1 microgram of zinc per cubic meter (μg/m 3) of air , but range from 0.1 to 1.7 μg/m 3 in areas near cities.
How much zinc is needed for a healthy body?
Zinc is an essential element needed by your body in small amounts. We are exposed to zinc compounds in food. The average daily zinc intake through the diet in this country ranges from 5.2 to 16.2 milligrams (milligram=0.001 gram). Food may contain levels of zinc ranging from approximately 2 parts of zinc per million (2 ppm) parts of foods (e.g., leafy vegetables) to 29 ppm (meats, fish, poultry). Zinc is also present in most drinking water. Drinking water or other beverages may contain high levels of zinc if they are stored in metal containers or flow through pipes that have been coated with zinc to resist rust. If you take more than the recommended daily amount of supplements containing zinc, you may have higher levels of zinc exposure.
What is zinc used for?
In its pure elemental (or metallic) form, zinc is a bluish-white, shiny metal. Powdered zinc is explosive and may burst into flames if stored in damp places. Metallic zinc has many uses in industry. A common use for zinc is to coat steel and iron as well as other metals to prevent rust and corrosion ; this process is called galvanization. Metallic zinc is also mixed with other metals to form alloys such as brass and bronze. A zinc and copper alloy is used to make pennies in the United States. Metallic zinc is also used to make dry cell batteries.
Why is zinc important for children?
Zinc is essential for proper growth and development of young children. Mothers who did not eat enough zinc during pregnancy had a higher frequency of birth defects and gave birth to smaller children (lower birth weight) than mothers whose zinc levels were sufficient. Very young children who did not receive enough zinc in the diet were smaller, both in length and in body weight, than children who ate enough zinc. Some foods, such as soy-based formulas, contain high levels of phytate, which can result in a decreased absorption of zinc in the diet. Too much of these foods may result in effects similar to those that occur when children receive too little zinc in the diet.
How does zinc enter the environment?
Most zinc enters the environment as the result of mining, purifying of zinc, lead, and cadmium ores, steel production, coal burning, and burning of wastes. These activities can increase zinc levels in the atmosphere. Waste streams from zinc and other metal manufacturing and zinc chemical industries, domestic waste water, and run-off from soil containing zinc can discharge zinc into waterways. The level of zinc in soil increases mainly from disposal of zinc wastes from metal manufacturing industries and coal ash from electric utilities. Sludge and fertilizer also contribute to increased levels of zinc in the soil. In air, zinc is present mostly as fine dust particles. This dust eventually settles over land and water. Rain and snow aid in removing zinc from air. Most of the zinc in lakes or rivers settles on the bottom. However, a small amount may remain either dissolved in water or as fine suspended particles. The level of dissolved zinc in water may increase as the acidity of water increases. Fish can collect zinc in their bodies from the water they swim in and from the food they eat. Most of the zinc in soil is bound to the soil and does not dissolve in water. However, depending on the type of soil, some zinc may reach groundwater, and contamination of groundwater has occurred from hazardous waste sites. Zinc may be taken up by animals eating soil or drinking water containing zinc. Zinc is also a trace mineral nutrient and as such, small amounts of zinc are needed in all animals.
How does zinc affect replication?
Increased intracellular zinc concentrations efficiently impair replication in a number of RNA viruses. 1 Zinc has been shown to enhance cytotoxicity and induce apoptosis when used in vitro with a zinc ionophore (e.g., chloroquine). Chloroquine has also been shown to enhance intracellular zinc uptake in vitro. 2 The relationship between zinc and COVID-19, including how zinc deficiency affects the severity of COVID-19 and whether zinc supplements can improve clinical outcomes, is currently under investigation. 3 Zinc levels are difficult to measure accurately, as zinc is distributed as a component of various proteins and nucleic acids. 4
Can zinc be taken with copper deficiency?
Long-term zinc supplementation can cause copper deficiency with subsequent reversible hematologic defects (i.e., anemia, leukopenia) and potentially irreversible neurologic manifestations (i.e., myelopathy, paresthesia, ataxia, spasticity). 6,7 The use of zinc supplementation for durations as short as 10 months has been associated with copper deficiency. 4 In addition, oral zinc can decrease the absorption of medications that bind with polyvalent cations. 5 Because zinc has not been shown to have a clinical benefit and may be harmful, the Panel recommends against using zinc supplementation above the recommended dietary allowance for the prevention of COVID-19, except in a clinical trial (BIII).
Is zinc plus hydroxychloroquine randomized?
This is a retrospective review; patients were not randomized to receive zinc plus hydroxychloroquine or to receive other treatments.
Is there a retrospective study of zinc supplementation?
This is a retrospective study; patients were not randomized to receive zinc supplementation or to receive no zinc.
Does zinc gluconate reduce symptoms?
In outpatients with COVID-19, treatment with high-dose zinc gluconate, ascorbic acid, or a combination of the two supplements did not significantly decrease the number of days required to reach a 50% reduction in a symptom severity score compared with standard of care.
