what is the term for an electorates right to vote directly for or against legislative measures

What is a separate electorate Quizlet?

Separate Electorates. Separate Electorates are that type of elections in which minorities select their own representatives separately, as opposed to Joint Electorates where people are selected collectively. When minorities fear that they would not get representation in state affairs and government then they demand separate electorates.

What is the meaning of electorate?

Definition of electorate. 1 : the territory, jurisdiction, or dignity of a German elector. 2 : a body of people entitled to vote.

Is voting a legal right in the United States?

In the U.S., no one is required by law to vote in any local, state, or presidential election. According to the U.S. Constitution, voting is a right. Many constitutional amendments have been ratified since the first election. However, none of them made voting mandatory for U.S. citizens.

How are electors allocated in a US election?

In 48 of the 50 states, state laws mandate the winner of the plurality of its statewide popular vote shall receive all of that state's electors; in Maine and Nebraska, two electors are assigned in this manner, while the remaining electors are allocated based on the plurality of votes in each of their congressional districts.

What is the term for the right to vote in elections?

Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise, is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).

What is a direct vote called?

A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue.

What is it called when citizens are allowed to directly vote on whether to accept or reject a proposed law?

The REFERENDUM allows citizens, through the petition process, to refer acts of the Legislature to the ballot before they become law. The referendum also permits the Legislature itself to refer proposed legislation to the electorate for approval or rejection.

What is it called when legislation is submitted to voters for approval?

The ballot initiative process gives California citizens a way to propose laws and constitutional amendments without the support of the Governor or the Legislature.

What is difference between referendum and plebiscite?

Referenda are binding on the government. A plebiscite is sometimes called an 'advisory referendum' because the government does not have to act upon its decision. Plebiscites do not deal with Constitutional questions but issues on which the government seeks approval to act, or not act.

What is direct and indirect election?

An indirect election or hierarchical voting is an election in which voters do not choose directly between candidates or parties for an office (direct voting system), but elect people who in turn choose candidates or parties.

What is a referendum quizlet?

Referendum. A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.

What is a referendum and how does it work?

When a change is proposed to the State or Commonwealth Constitution, a referendum is held to gauge the opinion of electors about the proposed change. You have to be enrolled in order to vote in a referendum. A referendum usually asks a question or questions to which all eligible electors must vote either 'yes' or 'no'.

What is the name for an election that lets citizens remove and replace a government official before that official's term of office ends?

A recall election (also called a recall referendum, recall petition or representative recall) is a procedure by which, in certain polities, voters can remove an elected official from office through a referendum before that official's term of office has ended.

What is the name for a popular vote to approve or reject a law?

A ballot initiative is the process by which a specified number of voters may circulate a petition to invoke a popular vote in a referendum election on proposed laws or constitu- tional amendments, bypassing the legislative body.

What is the practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature?

Popular Referendum Overview The popular referendum allows voters to approve or repeal an act of the Legislature. If the Legislature passes a law that voters do not approve of, they may gather signatures to demand a popular vote on the law.

What is initiative referendum and recall?

In 1911, California voters approved the constitutional processes of initiative, referendum, and recall. Through these processes, voters can adopt a change in law (an initiative), disapprove a law passed by the Legislature (a referendum), or remove an elected official from office (a recall).

Who are elected by direct election?

A direct election is an election in which people vote directly for the person, persons or political party that they want to see elected to a political position. The members of State Legislative Assembly, known as MLA's are directly elected by the people of the State.

What's the difference between the popular vote and the electoral vote?

Polling Place: the location in which you cast your vote. to cast their vote for president. But the tally of those votes—the popular vote—does not determine the winner. Instead, presidential elections use the Electoral College. To win the election, a candidate must receive a majority of electoral votes.

How do indirect elections work?

Instead of voting for a specific candidate, voters in an indirect popular election select a panel of individuals pledged to vote for a specific candidate. This is in contrast to a popular election where votes are cast for an individual candidate.

What is political referendum?

(c) "Referendum" is the power of the electorate to approve or reject a legislation through an election called for the purpose. It may be of two classes, namely: c.1. Referendum on statutes which refers to a petition to approve or reject an act or law, or part thereof, passed by Congress; and. c.

What are the arguments against the electoral system?

Arguments between proponents and opponents of the current electoral system include four separate but related topics: indirect election, disproportionate voting power by some states, the winner-takes-all distribution method (as chosen by 48 of the 50 states, and the District of Columbia), and federalism. Arguments against the Electoral College in common discussion focus mostly on the allocation of the voting power among the states. Gary Bugh's research of congressional debates over proposed constitutional amendments to abolish the Electoral College reveals reform opponents have often appealed to a traditional republican version of representation, whereas reform advocates have tended to reference a more democratic view.

What is the 12th amendment?

If no candidate for president receives an absolute majority of the electoral votes (since 1964, 270 of the 538 electoral votes), then the Twelfth Amendment requires the House of Representatives to go into session immediately to choose a president . In this event, the House of Representatives is limited to choosing from among the three candidates who received the most electoral votes for president. Each state delegation votes en bloc —each delegation having a single vote; the District of Columbia does not get to vote. A candidate must receive an absolute majority of state delegation votes (i.e., at present, a minimum of 26 votes) in order for that candidate to become the president-elect. Additionally, delegations from at least two thirds of all the states must be present for voting to take place. The House continues balloting until it elects a president.

How many proposals have been made to reform the electoral college system?

Since 1800 , over 700 proposals to reform or eliminate the system have been introduced in Congress. Proponents of these proposals argued that the electoral college system does not provide for direct democratic election, affords less-populous states an advantage, and allows a candidate to win the presidency without winning the most votes. None of these proposals have received the approval of two-thirds of Congress and three-fourths of the states required to amend the Constitution.

What is a faithless elector?

A "faithless elector" is one who does not cast an electoral vote for the candidate of the party for whom that elector pledged to vote. Faithless electors are comparatively rare because electors are generally chosen among those who are already personally committed to a party and party's candidate. Thirty-three states plus the District of Columbia have laws against faithless electors, which were first enforced after the 2016 election, where ten electors voted or attempted to vote contrary to their pledges. Faithless electors have never changed the outcome of a U.S. election for president. Altogether, 23,529 electors have taken part in the Electoral College as of the 2016 election; only 165 electors have cast votes for someone other than their party's nominee. Of that group, 71 did so because the nominee had died – 63 Democratic Party electors in 1872, when presidential nominee Horace Greeley died; and eight Republican Party electors in 1912, when vice presidential nominee James S. Sherman died.

How does the electoral college affect voting?

According to this criticism, the electoral college reduces elections to a mere count of electors for a particular state, and, as a result, it obscures any voting problems within a particular state. For example, if a particular state blocks some groups from voting, perhaps by voter suppression methods such as imposing reading tests, poll taxes, registration requirements, or legally disfranchising specific minority groups, then voting inside that state would be reduced, but as the state's electoral count would be the same, disenfranchisement has no effect on the overall electoral tally. Critics contend that such disenfranchisement is partially obscured by the Electoral College. A related argument is the Electoral College may have a dampening effect on voter turnout: there is no incentive for states to reach out to more of its citizens to include them in elections because the state's electoral count remains fixed in any event. According to this view, if elections were by popular vote, then states would be motivated to include more citizens in elections since the state would then have more political clout nationally. Critics contend the electoral college system insulates states from negative publicity as well as possible federal penalties for disenfranching subgroups of citizens.

What is the purpose of the electoral college?

The United States Electoral College is the group of presidential electors required by the Constitution to form every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president. Each state appoints electors according to its legislature, equal in number to its congressional delegation (senators and representatives).

Why is the electoral college made up of real people?

According to this argument, the fact the Electoral College is made up of real people instead of mere numbers allows for human judgment and flexibility to make a decision, if it happens that a candidate dies or becomes legally disabled around the time of the election, though state laws binding electors and the lack of a single assembly of electors complicate coordination of a unified selection.

What is a political thinker?

one who thinks about politics almost exclusively through the prism of his or her ideological perspective.

What happens if the police fail to notify a suspect of his or her Miranda rights?

if the police fail to notify a suspect of his or her miranda rights, the court will

What is the core problem with the Articles of Confederation?

The core problem with the articles of confederation is that this system of government

Which will override the latter in a conflict between federal and state laws?

in a conflict between federal and state laws, the former will override the latter

Which power is based on the U.S. Constitution?

Based on the U.S constitution, the power to pass ex post facto laws or bills of attainder are both

Which document denies powers to the national government?

The U.S constitution denies certain powers to the national government. and bestows them instead on the state governments. such powers are called

Who rejected the inclusion of the Bill of Rights?

The authors of the constitution rejected the inclusion of the bill of rights during the deliberation and drafting process

Is Voting Mandatory in the United States?

Constitution, voting is a right. Many constitutional amendments have been ratified since the first election. However, none of them made voting mandatory for U.S. citizens.

What is the purpose of accessibility laws?

Voter accessibility laws ensure that people with disabilities or language barriers are able to vote.

What amendments made it harder for African Americans to vote?

Some states used literacy tests and other barriers to make it harder to vote. The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, gave American women the right to vote. The 24th Amendment, ratified in 1964, eliminated poll taxes. The tax had been used in some states to keep African Americans from voting in federal elections.

What laws prohibited discrimination based on race, color, or membership in a language minority group?

1960. 1964. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibited voter discrimination based on race, color, or membership in a language minority group. It also required certain places to provide election materials in languages besides English. The act also placed limits on certain states with a history of voter discrimination.

What act allowed people to vote by mail?

The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act of 1984 required polling places to be accessible to people with disabilities. The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) of 1986 allowed members of the U.S. armed forces and overseas U.S. voters to register and vote by mail.

What is the EAC?

It also created the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC). The EAC helps states comply with HAVA to adopt minimum standards on voter education, registration, and ballots. The Military and Overseas Voting Empowerment (MOVE) Act of 2009 improved access to voting by military and overseas voters.

How to report voter suppression?

The Public Integrity Section of the Department of Justice's Criminal Division. If you witness or suspect voter intimidation or suppression, there are three ways you can report it: Contact your state or territorial election office.

What was the Lucknow Pact?

In 1916 Lucknow Pact was passed with the collaboration of Congress and Muslim League. Congress conceded to the legitimate rights of Muslims. In this pact the right of separate electorates for Muslims was recognized. It was declared that Muslims would be given one third central legislature seats.

What was the Morley-Minto Reforms?

In 1909 the Morley-Minto Reforms granted separate electorates to Muslims. In these the numerical strength of legislature councils was increased. 27 out of total 60 members were to be elected and 5 seats were reserved for the Muslims. In provincial government, Muslims were to be represented by separate electorates. It gave constitutional recognition to Muslims. They would have not only elect their own representatives, but also had right to vote in general constituencies. Muslims were given fewer share than their numerical strength, but this was a land mark in the political history of Indian Muslims.

Why do Muslims want separate electorates?

Separate Electorates are that type of elections in which minorities select their own representatives separately, as opposed to Joint Electorates where people are selected collectively. When minorities fear that they would not get representation in state affairs and government then they demand separate electorates. Same was the case with the Indian Muslims. They were very large in number, but in case of combined elections they would not get due representation. When the British implemented the system of democracy in India in order to strength their rule, and to involve local people in government, the Muslims demanded separate electorates .These were not imposed by British, however were granted on the request of the Muslims.

Why did the British want to create a democracy in India?

When the British implemented the system of democracy in India in order to strength their rule, and to involve local people in government, the Muslims demanded separate electorates .These were not imposed by British, however were granted on the request of the Muslims. As all nations in Europe were Christians and there was no concept ...

What happened to Muslims in 1892?

Under the Act of 1892 in United Province, where Muslims were fourteen percent of population, they had not secured a single seat by joint franchise. And if by chance they would get any seats they would have to agree with Hindus, and thus had to go against their own interests.

How many seats did Congress win in 1937?

After many years of constitutional debates, Government of India Act 1935 was passed. And elections were held in 1937 under this act. Congress won 706 seats out of total 1771 seats.

When were direct elections introduced?

When direct elections were introduced to increase the participation of Indians in government affairs, a deputation of Indian Muslims led by Sir Aga Khan presented an address to Viceroy and Governor General Lord Minto at Simla on 1 st October 1906.

Overview

History

Procedure

Background

Modern mechanics

Alternative methods of choosing electors

Contemporary issues

Efforts to abolish or reform