what nerve innervates the soft palate

What muscles innervate the soft palate?

The muscles are: These muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus via the vagus nerve, with the exception of the tensor veli palatini. The tensor veli palatini is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V 3 ). The soft palate is moveable, consisting of muscle fibers sheathed in mucous membrane.

What does the greater palatine nerve innervate?

The greater palatine nerve innervates most of the glandular structures of the hard palate. The nasopalatine nerve innervates the mucous membrane of the anterior hard palate and the lesser palatine nerves innervate the soft palate.

What nerve innervates the oral cavity?

Innervation. The floor of the oral cavity receives sensory innervation from the lingual nerve – a branch of the mandibular (V3) division of the trigeminal nerve. The tongue is also innervated by special sensory fibres for taste from the chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve (CN VII). The cheeks are innervated by the buccal nerve.

Which side of the soft palate has the highest density of sensory nerve?

Specifically, the oral side had higher density of sensory nerve fibers than the nasal side of the soft palate. The mean number and percent area of the sensory nerve fibers in the mucosa of the nasal side was 78% and 72% of those in the mucosa of the oral side, respectively (P < 0.0001).

What cranial nerve Innervates muscles of soft palate and larynx?

The vagus nerve, or CN X, provides motor innervation to the pharynx, larynx, palate, and striated muscles of the esophagus by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

What cranial nerve controls soft palate elevation?

Neurological Exam: Cranial Nerve 9, 10 (Broadband) Muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx are controlled by CN 9/10 neurons from the medulla. CN 9 is mainly sensory supplying the mucous membranes of the soft palate and pharynx; it serves as the afferent limb of the gag reflex.

What is the sensory innervation of the hard palate?

The sensory innervation of the hard palate is provided by branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve which synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion: greater palatine nerve supplies most of the hard palate, supplying the palate anterior to the greater palatine foramina.

What happens if cranial nerve 11 is damaged?

Supranuclear lesions of the eleventh nerve cause moderate, often transient, impairment of function of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, due to the bilateral innervation. In the spinal cord the nuclei can be involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, syringomyelia, polio, and intraspinal tumors.

What are symptoms of vagus nerve damage?

Potential symptoms of damage to the vagus nerve include:difficulty speaking.loss or change of voice.difficulty swallowing.loss of the gag reflex.low blood pressure.slow or fast heart rate.changes in the digestive process.nausea or vomiting.More items...

What problems can the soft palate cause?

A cleft palate can cause issues with speech and swallowing because the palate is unable to separate the respiratory tract from the digestive tract. Some babies with a cleft palate may have more frequent ear infections, hearing problems, or dental issues.

Why does my soft palate hurt?

Your hard or soft palates may feel tender and painful due to mouth trauma. Common ways to injure your palate involve cuts or scratches such as those caused by eating hard or sharp foods. Eating or drinking items that are too hot can also cause painful burns and blisters.

What nerve affects roof of mouth?

3 Sphenopalatine Nerve Block It is located on either side of the roof of the mouth between the second and third maxillary molars, approximately 1 cm medial to the palatogingival margin, and can usually be palpated as a small depression near the posterior edge of the hard palate.

What do the 12 cranial nerves control?

The cranial nerves are a set of 12 paired nerves in the back of your brain. Cranial nerves send electrical signals between your brain, face, neck and torso. Your cranial nerves help you taste, smell, hear and feel sensations. They also help you make facial expressions, blink your eyes and move your tongue.

Does facial nerve innervate soft palate?

The taste buds of the soft palate are innervated by the greater petrosal nerve, a branch of the facial nerve (CN VII). The mucous glands of the soft palate are parasympathetically innervated by the postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion.

Where does cranial nerve 8 exit the skull?

It emerges from the pontomedullary junction and exits the inner skull via the internal acoustic meatus (or internal auditory meatus) in the temporal bone.

What is 6th cranial nerve?

Cranial nerve six (CN VI), also known as the abducens nerve, is one of the nerves responsible for the extraocular motor functions of the eye, along with the oculomotor nerve (CN III) and the trochlear nerve (CN IV).

Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the palate?

The general sensory innervation of the palate is supplied by the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), through the greater and lesser palatine#N#nerves and the nasopalatine nerve. From the pterygopalatine ganglion, the greater and lesser palatine nerves descend through the palatine canal accompanying the descending palatine artery.

Where does the greater palatine nerve enter the palate?

The greater palatine nerve enters the palate through the greater palatine foramen alongside the greater palatine artery. It supplies a major portion of the gingiva, mucosa and glands of the hard palate.

What muscles are involved in the soft palate?

The soft palate is composed of five pairs of muscles that enable it to move: The tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini are two muscles that arise from the base of the skull and descend into the palate. During swallowing and yawning, these muscles tense and elevate the soft palate.

Why does the soft palate close off when swallowing?

During swallowing, however, the soft palate elevates, closing off the nasopharynx to prevent food and liquids from the oral cavity and oropharynx from entering the nasal cavities. The soft palate also plays a key role in the gag reflex; touching the surface of the soft palate or the uvula evokes the gag reflex and can cause vomiting.

What is the main arterial supply of the palate?

The main arterial supply of the palate is by the descending palatine artery, which is a branch of the maxillary artery within the pterygopalatine fossa. It runs through the palatine canal and gives rise to two branches, the greater and lesser pala tine arteries. The greater palatine artery enters the palate through the greater palatine foramen on each side, close to the second molar tooth of the upper jaw. The smaller lesser palatine artery arises from the descending palatine artery within the pala tine canal and enters the palate via the lesser palatine foramen.

Why is the palate important?

The palate completely separates the oral cavity and nasal cavities. This division is essential for preventing pressure changes within these cavities, thus enabling important processes such as suckling and breathing. Additionally, due to its position and structure, the palate plays an important role in articulation (formation of speech), digestion and swallowing .

What is the hard palate?

The hard palate is the immobile hard bony portion of the palate. It comprises the anterior two-thirds of the palate. The hard palate is formed by the fusion of two pairs of facial bones in the midline, the maxillae (upper jaw bones) and palatine bones. The palatine processes of the maxillae form the anterior three-quarters of the hard palate, while the horizontal plates of the palatine bones form the remaining posterior one-quarter. The hard palate is arched superiorly forming a concavity which accommodates the tongue. It is bounded on its anterolateral aspects by the alveolar processes and teeth of the maxillae. Posteriorly, the hard palate is connected to the muscular soft palate. The oral aspect of the hard palate is covered by oral mucosa that is firmly bound to the underlying bone and overlies the mucus-secreting palatine glands and neurovascular structures. The nasal aspect on the other hand is covered by respiratory mucosa.

Which nerve innervates the soft palate?

They are all innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) – apart from Tensor veli palatini – which is innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve (a branch of CN V 3 ).

How many muscles are involved in the soft palate?

There are five muscles which give the actions of the soft palate.

What are the two arches of the tongue?

Two arches bind the palate to the tongue and pharynx; the palatoglossal arches anteriorly and the palatopharyngeal arches posteriorly. Between these two arches lie the palatine tonsils, which reside in the tonsillar fossae of the oropharynx.

What are the two parts of the soft palate?

It is separated into two distinct parts: Hard palate – comprised of bone. It is immobile. Soft palate – comprised of muscle fibres covered by a mucous membrane. It can be elevated to close the pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing – this prevents the food bolus from entering the nasopharynx.

How common is cleft lip?

Cleft lip and cleft palate are relatively common, occurring in approximately 1/1000 births. In Native Americans, the rate is around 4 times that. In addition to the cosmetic and psychosocial implications, severe cleft lip/palate can be a cause of death if a baby is unable to feed.

Where does the palate receive arterial supply?

Vasculature. The palate receives arterial supply primarily from the greater palatine arteries, which run anteriorly from the greater palatine foramen. In addition, the anastomosis between the lesser palatine artery and ascending palatine artery provide collateral supply to the palate.

What is the anatomy of the palate?

In this article, we will look at the anatomy of the palate; its structure, function and neurovascular supply. The palate divides the nasal cavity and the oral cavity, with the hard palate positioned anteriorly and the soft palate posteriorly. It forms both the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity.

What is the function of the soft palate?

It is responsible for closing off the nasal passages during the act of swallowing, and also for closing off the airway. During sneezing, it protects the nasal passage by diverting a portion of the excreted substance to the mouth.

Which nerve innervates the uvula?

Musculus uvulae, which moves the uvula. These muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus via the vagus nerve, with the exception of the tensor veli palatini. The tensor veli palatini is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V 3 ).

What is quantitative analysis of cleft palate?

Quantitative analyses have been done on bilateral and unilateral cleft palate to better understand geometric differences in cleft palate throughout the course of its development and correct ion. Despite the difficulty in finding common, comparable landmarks between normal soft palates and cleft palates, analytical methods have been devised to assess differences in degree of curvature of the alveolar crest, two-dimensional and three-dimensional surface area, and slope of the alveolar crest.

What is soft palate pathology?

Pathology of the soft palate includes mucosal lesions such as pemphigus vulgaris dsg - 3, herpangina and migratory stomatitis, and muscular conditions such as the congenital cleft palate and cleft uvula .

What muscles are involved in swallowing?

The five muscles of the soft palate play important roles in swallowing and breathing. The muscles are: 1 Tensor veli palatini, which is involved in swallowing 2 Palatoglossus, involved in swallowing 3 Palatopharyngeus, involved in breathing 4 Levator veli palatini, involved in swallowing 5 Musculus uvulae, which moves the uvula

What is the Young modulus of the soft palate?

Young modulus values range from 585 Pa at the posterior free edge of the soft palate to 1409 Pa where the soft palate attaches to the maxilla. These properties are useful when quantifying the effects of corrective orthopedic devices such as the Hotz Plate on cleft lip.

What causes palatal petechiae?

10 to 30 percent of palatal petechiae cases are estimated to be caused by suction, which can be habitual or secondary to fellatio.

Which nerve innervates the hard palate?

The hard palate is innervated by the greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves , both of which are branches of the maxillary nerve (CN V2). The soft palate is innervated by lesser palatine nerve, another branch of the maxillary nerve.

Which nerve innervates the cheeks?

The cheeks are innervated by the buccal nerve. It is also a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (not to be confused with the buccal branches of the facial nerve).

What muscle is the cheek formed by?

The cheeks are formed by the buccinator muscle, which is lined internally by the oral mucous membrane.

What are the two parts of the oral cavity?

It is divided into two parts by the upper and lower dental arches (formed by the teeth and their bony scaffolding).

Which muscle pulls the larynx forward?

It provides structural support to the floor of the mouth, and pulls the larynx forward during swallowing. Geniohyoid muscles – pull the larynx forward during swallowing.

What are the functions of the larynx?

It has three major functions: Digestion – receives food, preparing it for digestion in the stomach and small intestine. Communication – modifies the sound produced in the larynx to create a range of sounds. Breathing – acts as an air inlet in addition to the nasal cavity.

What is the tongue connected to?

Tongue – connected to the floor by the frenulum of the tongue, a fold of oral mucosa.

What nerve causes palatal paralysis?

Glossopharyngeal nerve lesions produce difficulty swallowing; impairment of taste over the posterior one-third of the tongue and palate; impaired sensation over the posterior one-third of the tongue, palate, and pharynx; an absent gag reflex; and dysfunction of the parotid gland. Vagus nerve lesions produce palatal and pharyngeal paralysis;

What nerve causes difficulty swallowing?

Glossopharyngeal nerve lesions produce difficulty swallowing; impairment of taste over the posterior one-third of the tongue and palate; impaired sensation over the posterior one-third of the tongue, palate, and pharynx; an absent gag reflex; and dysfunction of the parotid gland. Glossopharyngeal nerve lesions produce difficulty swallowing;

What are the abnormalities of the vagus nerve?

Vagus nerve lesions produce palatal and pharyngeal paralysis; laryngeal paralysis; and abnormalities of esophageal motility, gastric acid secretion, gallbladder emptying, and heart rate; and other autonomic dysfunction.

Where is the vagus nerve located?

After leaving the jugular foramen, the vagus nerve courses in the internal carotid sheath and is widely distributed to the upper gastrointestinal system. With a few exceptions, it supplies all the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx, in addition to the structures in the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems previously mentioned. Its ganglia are the nodose and jugular.

Which nerve is the second sensory group?

The second sensory group comprises the nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (see Chapter 61, The Trigeminal Nerve , for a description of this nucleus). Pain and temperature impulses from certain parts of the ear reach this nucleus via the petrosal ganglion of the ninth and the jugular ganglion of the tenth nerve. Pain sensation from the dura of the posterior fossa also travels here via the jugular ganglion.

Where do the chemoreceptor and baroreceptor impulses come from?

Chemoreceptor and baroreceptor impulses from the carotid glomus and carotid sinus.

Where are sensory nuclei located?

It is a long nuclear column extending the length of the medulla, located lateral to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, that receives sensory fibers from the ninth, tenth, and seventh (via the nervus intermedius) nerves. The sensory fibers carried in the ninth nerve have their cell station in the superior or petrosal ganglion. They include the following: