Complications
Symptoms
Causes
Prevention
What organs does rubella affect?
Babies born with congenital rubella syndrome are at risk for serious problems with their growth, thinking, heart and eyes, hearing, and liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
How is the body affected by rubella?
Most people who get rubella usually have a mild illness, with symptoms that can include a low-grade fever, sore throat, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Rubella can cause a miscarriage or serious birth defects in a developing baby if a woman is infected while she is pregnant.
What is the most serious complication of rubella?
In rare cases, rubella can cause serious problems, including brain infections and bleeding problems....Complicationsheart problems,loss of hearing and eyesight,intellectual disability, and.liver or spleen damage.
What does the rubella virus infect?
Rubella virus exclusively infects humans and is spread via respiratory droplet contact. Infections are worldwide in distribution but tend to peak in late winter and early spring.
How many people died from rubella before the vaccine?
During the last major rubella epidemic in the United States from 1964 to 1965, an estimated 12.5 million people got rubella, 11,000 pregnant women lost their babies, 2,100 newborns died, and 20,000 babies were born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
Who is most at risk for rubella?
Rubella is very dangerous for a pregnant woman and her developing baby. Anyone who is not vaccinated against rubella is at risk of getting the disease.
What are the long term side effects of rubella?
Complications include deafness, cataracts, heart defects, brain disorders, mental retardation, bone alterations, liver and spleen damage. Furthermore, an infant infected with rubella during pregnancy can continue to shed the virus for about a year, sometimes longer.
What are three symptoms of rubella?
Signs and Symptomsa low-grade fever.headache.mild pink eye (redness or swelling of the white of the eye)general discomfort.swollen and enlarged lymph nodes.cough.runny nose.
How does rubella affect the immune system?
Infection with rubella early in utero has a profound effect on the developing immune system. Defects observed are: complete immune paralysis, PHA unresponsiveness, immunoglobulin abnormalities, and loss of antibody to rubella. These defects are transient; absence of IgA may be permanent.
What cells are affected by rubella?
Rubella virus multiplies in cells of the respiratory system; this is followed by viremic spread to target organs. Congenital infection is transmitted transplacentally.
How does rubella change the body's physiology?
Congenital infection with rubella virus can affect many organ systems. Congenital rubella syndrome includes a constellation of birth defects, such as deafness, eye abnormalities (cataracts, glaucoma, retinopathy, microphthalmia), and congenital heart disease.
Where is rubella most common?
Endemic rubella virus transmission was declared eliminated in the Americas in 2015; however, rubella virus continues to circulate widely, especially in Africa, the Middle East, and South and Southeast Asia.
How does rubella affect the immune system?
Infection with rubella early in utero has a profound effect on the developing immune system. Defects observed are: complete immune paralysis, PHA unresponsiveness, immunoglobulin abnormalities, and loss of antibody to rubella. These defects are transient; absence of IgA may be permanent.
What are three symptoms of rubella?
Signs and Symptomsa low-grade fever.headache.mild pink eye (redness or swelling of the white of the eye)general discomfort.swollen and enlarged lymph nodes.cough.runny nose.
What is rubella syndrome?
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is an illness in infants that results from maternal infection with rubella virus during pregnancy. When rubella infection occurs during early pregnancy, serious consequences–such as miscarriages, stillbirths, and a constellation of severe birth defects in infants–can result.
Can rubella cause heart problems?
The cardiac abnormality most frequently found in rubella syndrome is a combination of branch pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus, though isolated branch pulmonary artery stenosis is twice as common as isolated patent ductus arteriosus [1].