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Is rutherfordium a metal?
This week's element is rutherfordium, a synthetic transition metal that has the atomic symbol Rf and atomic number, 104. Its name was inspired by physicist Ernest Rutherford, who was born in New Zealand.
Is rutherfordium a metal or nonmetal?
metalRutherfordium is classified as a metal on the periodic table of elements.
Is rutherfordium an F block element?
Rutherfordium is a d-block element, a member of the 7th period and belongs to group 4 elements in the periodic table.
Is rutherfordium a synthetic element?
Rutherfordium is a synthetic chemical element. Its official chemical symbol is Rf, and its atomic number is 104, which means that a rutherfordium atom has 104 protons in its nucleus. Rutherfordium was the first super-heavy element to be discovered.
What group is Rutherfordium?
Group 4Fact boxGroup4Melting pointAtomic number104Relative atomic massState at 20°CSolidKey isotopesElectron configuration[Rn] 5f146d27s2CAS numberChemSpider ID11201447ChemSpider is a free chemical structure database2 more rows
What does Rutherfordium mean?
Definition of rutherfordium : a short-lived radioactive element that is produced artificially — see Chemical Elements Table.
What is the characteristic of rutherfordium?
Rutherfordium Properties Rutherfordium is a P-Block, Group 4, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Rutherfordium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 and its electron configuration is [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 . In its elemental form Rutherfordium's CAS number is 53850-36-5.
What element family is rutherfordium in?
rutherfordium (Rf), an artificially produced radioactive transuranium element in Group IVb of the periodic table, atomic number 104.
Why is rutherfordium called Unnilquadium?
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) adopted unnilquadium (Unq) as a temporary, systematic element name, derived from the Latin names for digits 1, 0, and 4.
Who invented rutherfordium?
Albert GhiorsoJoint Institute for Nuclear R...Rutherfordium/Discoverers
Where can you find rutherfordium?
Sources of rutherfordium Rutherfordium is produced artificially and only small amounts have been made. The Dubna scientists produced it by bombarding plutonium with accelerated 113 to 115 MeV neon ions. The Berkeley team produced four isotopes by bombarding 249Cf with 12C nuclei of 71 MeV, and 13C nuclei of 69 MeV.
What does rutherfordium decay into?
Both of these isotopes of rutherfordium decay into nobelium by emitting α-particles. The characteristic decay energy and half-life of nobelium was also observed subsequent to the rutherfordium decays.
Is Dubnium a metal?
A highly radioactive metal, of which only a few atoms have ever been made. At present, it is only used in research. Dubnium has no known biological role. Dubnium does not occur naturally.
What are the properties of rutherfordium?
Rutherfordium PropertiesMelting Point:2100°C, 3800°F, 2400 K (estimated)Boiling Point:5500 °C, 9900° F, 5800 K (estimated)Density:23 g·cm3(estimated)Liquid Density @ Melting Point:N/ADensity @ 20°C:N/A29 more rows
What element family is rutherfordium in?
rutherfordium (Rf), an artificially produced radioactive transuranium element in Group IVb of the periodic table, atomic number 104.
Is Dubnium a metal nonmetal or metalloid?
The chemical element dubnium is classed as a transition metal. It was discovered in 1970 by a team of scientists led by Georgy Flerov.
Where was Rutherfordium first detected?
Rutherfordium was reportedly first detected in 1964 at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research at Dubna (then in the Soviet Union ). Researchers there bombarded a plutonium -242 target with neon -22 ions and separated the reaction products by gradient thermochromatography after conversion to chlorides by interaction with ZrCl 4. The team identified spontaneous fission activity contained within a volatile chloride portraying eka-hafnium properties. Although a half-life was not accurately determined, later calculations indicated that the product was most likely rutherfordium-259 (abbreviated as 259 Rf in standard notation ):
Why did the Soviets name the element Kurchatovium?
As a consequence of the initial competing claims of discovery, an element naming controversy arose. Since the Soviets claimed to have first detected the new element they suggested the name kurchatovium (Ku) in honor of Igor Kurchatov (1903–1960) , former head of Soviet nuclear research.
What is the heaviest isotope produced by direct fusion?
The lightest isotopes were synthesized by direct fusion between two lighter nuclei and as decay products. The heaviest isotope produced by direct fusion is 262 Rf ; heavier isotopes have only been observed as decay products of elements with larger atomic numbers.
What element is Db?
In 1994, IUPAC suggested the name dubnium (Db) to be used since rutherfordium was suggested for element 106 and IUPAC felt that the Dubna team should be recognized for their contributions. However, there was still a dispute over the names of elements 104–107.
What is the name of the element that is derived from the Latin names for digits 1, 0, and 4?
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC) adopted unnilquadium (Unq) as a temporary, systematic element name, derived from the Latin names for digits 1, 0, and 4.
What is the symbol for RF?
23 s? Rutherfordium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named after New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford.
When was californium synthesized?
In 1969 , researchers at the University of California, Berkeley conclusively synthesized the element by bombarding a californium -249 target with carbon-12 ions and measured the alpha decay of 257 Rf, correlated with the daughter decay of nobelium -253: 249. 98Cf.
Who was the first person to name rutherfordium?
In 1969, a group of American researchers at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley announced that they had identified isotopes of the element, different from the one identified by the Soviets; the Americans then proposed the name rutherfordium, in honour of the British physicist Ernest Rutherford.
What is the RF element?
Rutherfordium (Rf), an artificially produced radioactive transuranium elementin Group IVb of the periodic table, atomic number104. Sovietscientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Researchat Dubna, Russia, U.S.S.R., announced in 1964 the discovery of element 104, which they named kurchatovium, symbol Ku (for Igor Kurchatov, a Soviet nuclear physicist). In 1969, a groupof Americanresearchers at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratoryof the University of California at Berkeley announced that they had identified isotopes of the element, different from the one identified by the Soviets; the Americans then proposed the name rutherfordium, in honour of the British physicist Ernest Rutherford.
What element did the Soviets use to make a bomb?
In their experiment, the Soviets bombarded plutonium-242 with ions of neon-22, claiming to have obtained an isotopeof element 104 that had a mass numberof 260 and a half-life of 0.3 second. The Soviets then performed a series of chemical experiments with the isotope to demonstrate that it behaved in a manner that had been predicted for the element. When the workers at Dubna later used a more refined measuring technique, however, they found that the half-life of the isotope was 0.1 second, not 0.3 second as originally reported. This finding cast doubt on the chemical experiments with the element, because the results of those experiments could not have been obtained with atoms having a half-life of 0.1 second.
What isotopes were found in the Berkeley experiment?
The American investigators did not follow the same procedure as the Dubna group, because the American equipment could not accelerate neon-22 ions to the necessary energies. Instead, they bombarded a target of californium-249 with ions of carbon-12 and carbon-13. Although unable to obtain the same isotope as the Soviet scientists, the Berkeley team did report positive identification of two, possibly three, isotopes of element 104. The bombardment of californium-249 with carbon-12 produced an isotope with a mass number of 257 and a half-life of 4–5 seconds; the carbon-13 bombardment produced an isotope with a mass number of 259 and a half-life of three to four seconds. The investigators at Berkeley subsequently, by bombarding curium-248 with oxygen-18, synthesized an isotope of element 104 that has a mass number of 261 and a half-life of 70 seconds.
What element was discovered in 1964?
Soviet scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna, Russia, U.S.S.R., announced in 1964 the discovery of element 104 , which they named kurchatovium, symbol Ku (for Igor Kurchatov, a Soviet nuclear physicist). In 1969, a group of American researchers at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the University ...
Which element was identified by the Berkeley team?
Although unable to obtain the same isotope as the Soviet scientists, the Berkeley team did report positive identification of two, possibly three, isotopes of element 104. The bombardment of californium-249 with carbon-12 produced an isotope with a mass number of 257 and a half-life of 4–5 seconds; the carbon-13 bombardment produced an isotope ...
Which element has a half life of 13 hours?
The first two transactinoid elements, rutherfordium (Rf) and dubnium (Db), with atomic numbers 104 and 105, respectively, have isotopes with half-lives sufficiently long (13 and 32 hours, respectively) to allow determination of chemical properties by application of specifically devised “fast chemistry” techniques. The results of these studies are consistent with…
What is the atomic number of Rutherfordium?
Rutherfordium is a chemical element with atomic number 104 and symbol Rf, named in honor of New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element ie., an element which is not found in nature but can be prepared in the laboratory. It can be created by bombarding Californium -249 with a Carbon-12 nuclei.
Is Rutherfordium a radioactive element?
It is a kind of trans-uranium and radioactive element which cannot be found in nature. It does not have any stable or naturally occurring isotopes.
What is Rutherfordium named after?
Rutherfordium is a synthetic element, named in honour of eminent scientist of Britain, Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element that means it is not available in nature. You can prepare it in the laboratory.
How was Rutherfordium Discovered?
There are some controversies involved with who discovered rutherfordium. A group of scientists in Dubna, Russia first reported about its discovery in the year 1964. Russian scientists in the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research at Dubna, Russia, U.S.S.R. declared the discovery of element 104. They named the element as kurchatovium, with the symbol Ku following the name of a Soviet Nuclear Physicist Igor Kurchatov. An isotope, 260Rf was produced that had 0.3 seconds of half-life. Then they changed the half-life to 0.15 seconds.
What is the half life of 104?
In Dubna, the Soviet researchers bombarded Plutonium 242 along with the ions of neon 22. They made a declaration of obtaining an isotope of element 104 whose mass number is 260 and half-life of 0.3 seconds. Then they performed numerous experiments on the isotope newly discovered and claimed that it behaved the same way as they predicted for it. Next time, when they used a more advanced method for half-life measurement, it came out different from the earlier one. They found the half-life of the element is 0.1 seconds, not 0.3 seconds as they reported earlier. The mismatch in results creates doubt on the chemical experiments.
How long does Rutherfordium decay?
12 isotopes of Rutherfordium are recognised along with their half-lives. The most stable one among the 12 isotopes is 265Rf having a half-life of about 13 hours and decays through spontaneous fission.
What is the mass number of Curium 248?
This isotope has a mass number of 261and half-life 70 seconds .
What is the name of the isotopes that are produced by decaying?
alpha particles and detect the products produced on decaying, which are known as nobelium isotopes.
When did the Dubna gang regenerate the isotopes?
In the year of 1969 , a team of American researchers at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the University of California, Berkeley attempted to regenerate the result of the isotope identified by the Dubna gang. They announced that they have been able to identify the isotopes of the element which are different from the U.S.S.R. lab. This time, they had been able to produce four isotopes of Rutherfordium by following a different method. The controversy is, whether they produced 260Rf or not, is not confirmed in the report.
What element is rutherfordium?
IUPAC decided element 104 would be called rutherfordium.
When was Rutherfordium discovered?
Rutherfordium. Discovery date. 1964. Discovered by. Georgy Flerov and colleagues and at Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, and independently by Albert Ghiorso and colleagues at Berkeley, California, USA. Origin of the name.
What element was produced in 1964?
History. History. Elements and Periodic Table History. In 1964, a team led by Georgy Flerov at the Russian Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, bombarded plutonium with neon and produced element 104, isotope 259.
How long does rutherfordium 261 last?
Rutherfordium-261 has a half-life of just over a minute; rutherfordium-263 has a half-life of 10 minutes and rutherfordium-267 may have a half life of over an hour, but so far the experiments have to be carried out with the lighter isotopes that are easier to make, like rutherfordium-261.
What element was created by the Californian Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory?
In 1969, a team led by Albert Ghiorso at the Californian Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) made three successful attempts to produce element 104 : by bombarding curium with oxygen to get isotope-260, californium with carbon to get isotope-257, and californium with carbon to get isotope-258.
What is the vertical column in the periodic table?
A vertical column in the periodic table. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. A horizontal row in the periodic table. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.
How many protons does Rutherfordium have?
Rutherfordium is a chemical element with atomic number 104 which means there are 104 protons and 104 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Rutherfordium is Rf.
What is the symbol for electronegativity?
Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.
Which atom is the least electronegative?
The most electronegative atom, fluorine, is assigned a value of 4.0, and values range down to cesium and francium which are the least electronegative at 0.7.
What is the atomic mass of 12 C?
For 12 C the atomic mass is exactly 12u , since the atomic mass unit is defined from it. For other isotopes, the isotopic mass usually differs and is usually within 0.1 u of the mass number. For example, 63Cu (29 protons and 34 neutrons) has a mass number of 63 and an isotopic mass in its nuclear ground state is 62.91367 u.
Overview
Rutherfordium is a chemical element with the symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named after New Zealand-born British physicist Ernest Rutherford. As a synthetic element, it is not found in nature and can only be made in a laboratory. It is radioactive; the most stable known isotope, Rf, has a half-life of ~1.3 hours.
In the periodic table, it is a d-block element and the second of the fourth-row transition elements. I…
Introduction
The heaviest atomic nuclei are created in nuclear reactions that combine two other nuclei of unequal size into one; roughly, the more unequal the two nuclei in terms of mass, the greater the possibility that the two react. The material made of the heavier nuclei is made into a target, which is then bombarded by the beam of lighter nuclei. Two nuclei can only fuse into one if they approach each other …
History
Rutherfordium was reportedly first detected in 1964 at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna (Soviet Union at the time). Researchers there bombarded a plutonium-242 target with neon-22 ions and separated the reaction products by gradient thermochromatography after conversion to chlorides by interaction with ZrCl4. The team identified spontaneous fission activity contained within …
Isotopes
Rutherfordium has no stable or naturally occurring isotopes. Several radioactive isotopes have been synthesized in the laboratory, either by fusing two atoms or by observing the decay of heavier elements. Sixteen different isotopes have been reported with atomic masses from 253 to 270 (with the exceptions of 264 and 269). Most of these decay predominantly through spontaneous fission pathways.
Predicted properties
Very few properties of rutherfordium or its compounds have been measured; this is due to its extremely limited and expensive production and the fact that rutherfordium (and its parents) decays very quickly. A few singular chemistry-related properties have been measured, but properties of rutherfordium metal remain unknown and only predictions are available.
Rutherfordium is the first transactinide element and the second member of the 6d series of transi…
Experimental chemistry
Early work on the study of the chemistry of rutherfordium focused on gas thermochromatography and measurement of relative deposition temperature adsorption curves. The initial work was carried out at Dubna in an attempt to reaffirm their discovery of the element. Recent work is more reliable regarding the identification of the parent rutherfordium radioisotopes. The isotope Rf has been used for these studies, though the long-lived isotope Rf (produced in the decay chain of Lv…
Bibliography
• Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; et al. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
• Beiser, A. (2003). Concepts of modern physics (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-244848-1. OCLC 48965418.
External links
• Media related to Rutherfordium at Wikimedia Commons
• Rutherfordium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• WebElements.com – Rutherfordium