what was the salt creek massacre

What happened in the Salt Creek massacre in Texas?

The Salt Creek Massacre Salt Creek Massacre is also known as the Warren Wagon Train Massacre. On May 18, 1871, an Indian raid took place nine miles from Graham, Texas on a lonely stretch in the Loving Valley and the Salt Creek Prairie.

What happened in the Sanpete massacre?

On the afternoon of June 4, they had come within a mile and a half of Salt Creek Canyon's opening into the Sanpete Valley when members of an unidentified Indian tribe emerged from hiding places and attacked them. Two of the men were killed and burned with their wagon. Another was killed after running about 50 yards (46 m).

What event led to the demise of the Plains Indians?

Though many factors played a role in the demise of the Plains Indians, no one single event brought about their downfall as did the Salt Creek Massacre. The Salt Creek Massacre was one of the many raids to take place in and around Young County and Jack County, Texas during the 1870s.

What happened in 1871 in Texas?

On May 18, 1871, an Indian raid took place nine miles from Graham, Texas on a lonely stretch in the Loving Valley and the Salt Creek Prairie.

What was the Sand Creek Massacre and what was its significance?

On November 29, 1864, roughly 700 federal troops attacked a village of 500 Cheyenne and Arapaho on Sand Creek in Colorado. An unprovoked attack on men, women, and children, the massacre at Sand Creek marked a turning point in the relationship between American Indian tribes and the Federal Government.

What happened at the Sand Creek Massacre in November 1864?

On November 29, 1864, 675 Colorado volunteer soldiers attacked this encampment of approximately 750 people. During the attack, Indians took shelter in the high banks along Sand Creek. As they fled, many were killed and wounded by artillery fire. Well over half of the 230 dead were women and children.

What happened at the Sand Creek Massacre?

Military Buildup & The Massacre At dawn on November 29, 1864, approximately 675 U.S. volunteer soldiers attacked a village of about 750 peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho at Sand Creek. As noncombatants ran through the sand pits troops followed, committing atrocities and killing elders, women, and children.

What happened to the natives after the Sand Creek Massacre?

As white expansion continued into the occupied West, local tribes fight desperately to maintain their livelihood and hunting grounds. At Medicine Lodge Creek in Kansas, another treaty with the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes relinquished claims to lands within Kansas including the traditional Smoky Hill hunting territory.

What caused the Sand Creek massacre?

The causes of the Sand Creek massacre were rooted in the long conflict for control of the Great Plains of eastern Colorado. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 guaranteed ownership of the area north of the Arkansas River to the Nebraska border to the Cheyenne and Arapahoe.

How many Native Americans were killed?

12 million Indigenous peopleIn the ensuing email exchange, Thornton indicated that his own rough estimate is that about 12 million Indigenous people died in what is today the coterminous United States between 1492 and 1900.

Which statement best describes the Sand Creek massacre?

Which statement BEST describes the Sand Creek Massacre? Roughly 200 Cheyenne men, women, and children were slaughtered by American soldiers.

Who survived the Sand Creek massacre?

Three Indians who remained in the village are known to have survived the massacre: George Bent's brother Charlie Bent, and two Cheyenne women who were later turned over to William Bent.

When did the Sand Creek massacre end?

November 29, 1864Sand Creek massacre / End date

What did the U.S. army soldiers do at Sand Creek?

The Sand Creek Massacre summary: On November 29, 1864, seven hundred members of the Colorado Territory militia embarked on an attack of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian villages. The militia was led by U.S. Army Col. John Chivington, a Methodist preacher, as well as a freemason.

Who won the Colorado War?

Colorado WarDate 1864–1865 Location Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska Result InconclusiveBelligerentsUnited StatesCheyenne Arapaho SiouxCommanders and leaders3 more rows

What happened at the Sand Creek Massacre quizlet?

The Sand Creek massacre (also known as the Chivington massacre, the Battle of Sand Creek or the massacre of Cheyenne Indians) was an atrocity in the American Indian Wars that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a peaceful village of Cheyenne and ...

What happened as a result of the Sand Creek Massacre quizlet?

What was a result of the massacre? In result 300 Cheyanne Indians were killed at Sand Creek.

Which statement best describes the Sand Creek Massacre?

Which statement BEST describes the Sand Creek Massacre? Roughly 200 Cheyenne men, women, and children were slaughtered by American soldiers.

Who won the Sand Creek Massacre?

Thirteen Cheyenne chiefs and one Arapaho chief were killed. Chivington was at first acclaimed for his “victory,” but he was subsequently discredited when it became clear that he had perpetrated a massacre.

When was Salt Creek Canyon massacre?

Jump to navigation Jump to search. Salt Creek Canyon, photographed in 1872. The Salt Creek Canyon massacre occurred on June 4, 1858, when four Danish immigrants were ambushed and killed by unidentified Indians in Salt Creek Canyon, a winding canyon of Salt Creek east of present-day Nephi, in Juab County, Utah .

Where did Jens Jorgensen settle?

Kjerluf, and John Ericksen were journeying, unarmed, to settle with other Scandinavian immigrants at the Mormon colony in the Sanpete Valley.

Where is the Daughters of Utah Pioneers monument?

A Daughters of Utah Pioneers monument (number 11), erected in 1936 on Utah State Route 132 between Nephi and Fountain Green, Utah, marks the site of the massacre.

What was the situation like in the late 1860s?

The late 1860s was a time of danger and conflict for everyone, Texan or Indian, as the frontier remained unsafe and unpredictable. The forts were undermanned, making it very difficult to police the serious violations being committed by both sides on the other. For both groups, the situation appeared no different to any significant degree from the way things were long before the war. Unfortunately, for the Indians, things were changing and not in a good way for the Indians. General William T. Sherman , commander of the U.S. Army, and the commander

Where did Satanta attack the wagon train?

Kiowa war chief Satanta leads an attack on a wagon train at Salt Creek, Texas, killing seven of the party.

Why was the Medicine Lodge Treaty a failure?

For a number of reasons, the treaty was a failure, as were most of the treaties between the whites and the Native Americans. As usual, many Indian bands did not recognize it as valid. Similarly, the federal government was lax about enforcing the treaty once it was signed, allowing white outlaws to prey upon reservation Indians.

Who was arrested in Fort Sill?

Sherman quickly traveled to Fort Sill, where he personally arrested Satank, Satanta, and Big Tree and ordered them transported back to Texas to be tried for murder. Satank was killed during an escape attempt, but Satanta and Big Tree were put on trial. By early July both had been sentenced to hang.

Who was the general in Texas?

of U.S. troops in Texas, General P hilip H. Sheridan, who were both hardened veterans of some of the worst fighting of the Civil War. Sherman and Sheridan had learned

What was the name of the Texas massacre that happened on May 18, 1871?

Staked Plains Horror. Yellow House Canyon. The Warren Wagon Train raid, also known as the Salt Creek massacre , occurred on May 18, 1871. Henry Warren was contracted to haul supplies to forts in the west of Texas, including Fort Richardson, Fort Griffin, and Fort Concho.

Why was Satank killed?

Satank was killed in the train as he tried to escape the column of United States soldiers. The rest were tried in the first Indian trial in history. Satanta and Big Tree were convicted of murder on 5–6 July in Jack County, Texas.

Where did the Kiowa warriors come from?

Many of the Native American warriors came from the Fort Sill Reservation in Indian Territory , confident that they could terrorize Texas and escape to safety across the Red River, which was another legal jurisdiction. The ambush had been planned by a large band of Kiowa warriors, approx 180 warriors, under the leadership of Satanta, Satank, Mamanti, Big Tree, White Horse, Fast Bear, Yellow Wolf, and Eagle Heart. Hidden in a thicket of scrub in the Salt Creek Prairie, they observed the slow approach of General William Tecumseh Sherman 's inspection retinue of approx 18 men. Although the Kiowa war party outnumbered the US Army troop by ten to one, they didn't attack, maybe because the Army troopers would have inflicted too many casualties. The Kiowa story is that the previous night, Mamanti ("He Walking-above"), the shaman, had prophesied that this small party would be followed by a larger one with more plunder for the taking. The braves were rewarded three hours later when 10 mule-drawn wagons filled with army corn and fodder trundled into view. The Kiowa attacked and quickly overwhelmed this convoy. Seven muleskinners were killed, while five managed to escape. One of the mule skinners was tortured to death with fire by the Kiowa, his tongue cut out. The Warriors lost three of their own but left with 40 mules heavily laden with supplies. It was well after dark before the white survivors reached the nearby Fort Richardson and told their harrowing tale to the very officer whose party had passed unharmed under the Kiowa guns, William Tecumseh Sherman. General Sherman ordered the arrests of the Indian war chiefs at Fort Sill. Satank was killed in the train as he tried to escape the column of United States soldiers. The rest were tried in the first Indian trial in history. Satanta and Big Tree were convicted of murder on 5–6 July in Jack County, Texas. They have paroled two years later thanks to the steady behavior adopted by Guipago in his dealing with the government agents, and were sent back to their people.

Who was the wagoneer who escaped?

The warriors destroyed the corn supplies, killing and mutilating seven of the wagoneer's bodies. Five men managed to escape, one of which was Thomas Brazeale who reached Fort Richardson on foot, some 20 miles away. As soon as Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie learned of the incident, he informed Sherman.

What was the Salt Creek massacre?

On this stormy afternoon, 150 Kiowa Indians waited behind a hill, near the point where the Butterfield Overland Stage crossed the North Branch of Flint Creek, for a wagon train carrying supplies to the nearby fort. Initially, the Salt Creek Massacre was just another successful raid carried out by the Indians against the white intruders who had invaded their territory. For the white settlers it was the final straw. They had endured enough from the Indians. The Salt Creek Massacre, or the Warren Wagon Train Massacre as it is often called, brought to a close the way of life that the Indians had known for generations. Though many factors played a role in the demise of the Plains Indians, no one single event brought about their downfall as did the Salt Creek Massacre. Ongoing Raids The Salt Creek Massacre was one of the many raids to take place in and around Young County and Jack County, Texas during the 1870s. In fact, the raids became, at times, almost daily. The settlers of the area had made numerous pleas to Washington to help them in their constant battle with the Indians. It was apparent that the government's "Peace Policy" was not working. As soon as the Civil War ended, a renewed interest in the settlement of Texas began. Washington once again took steps to subdue the Indians. The government enacted a "Peace Policy" by which hostile Indians were placed on reservations. This, like other measures in the past, was very ineffective in controlling the Kiowas and their allies, the Comanches. These tribes continued to make fast raids across Oklahoma, being missed by the Indian Agent. Just how bad things were could be seen in the number of settlers who had abandoned their lands. General William Sherman and a party of seventeen men from the 10th Infantry, including General R. B. Marcy who had been responsible for the founding of several of the frontier forts years earlier, left New Orleans, Louisiana, on a fact finding mission and inspection tour of the military outposts of Texas. On May 17, 1871, just one day prior to the Salt Creek Massacre, Sherman and his party passed through the Loving Valley and the Salt Creek Prairie. One day later, seven men would be brutally murdered there at the hands of a Kiowa raiding party, thus changing the world of both white settlers and Native Americans forever. Some accounts say that the Indians were already camped behind the hill when Sherman's party passed by, but that they found the party too small to bother with and let them go by. The Masacre Henry Warren of Warren and Dubose Freighters, acting as an agent for Feild Freighters, took five wagons from Mansfield loaded with meal and flour, which crossed the Trinity River at Fort Worth and rendezvoused with Warren's seven wagons in Weatherford. Wheelwright an

Where did the Salt Creek massacre take place?

In May 1871, the Indians planned a raid near Graham, Texas in an area called the Salt Creek Prairie. 150 Kiowa Indians waited behind a hill for a wagon train carrying supplies to the nearby fort. Initially, the Salt Creek Massacre was just another successful raid carried out by the Indians against the white intruders who had invaded their territory. For the white settlers, it was the final straw. They had endured enough from the Indians.

Why is the massacre of Aborigines so significant?

It is so significant because it is the only time in Australia’s history that white men were arrested, charged and hanged for the massacre of Aborigines.

What was the purpose of the Nellie massacre?

The Nellie massacre was planned as a solution to teach them the much-needed lesson. Strategies of attack were made.

What was the movie Soldier Blue about?

Some film scholars have cited Soldier Blue as a critique of America's "Westerns," with other interpretations noting it as being an anti-Vietnam War propaganda piece. The My Lia Massacre had been disclosed to the American public the previous year. The scenes were so disturbing that many theater patrons walked out of the auditoriums before the end of the film.

How many people died in Black Kettle?

The number of Chief Black Kettle's people killed runs between 70 and 160.

Who attacked Sand Creek?

In 1864, Col. John M. Chivington and the 3rd Colorado Volunteer Cavalry attacked a peaceful Cheyenne/Arapaho village at Sand Creek. The Indians under Black Kettle—men, women, and children—were horribly massacred and many of their bodies desecrated. The horrors of the Sand Creek Massacre set off renewed warfare with many of the Plains tribes. In 1865 the Arapaho and Lakota tribes sacked Julesburg, Colorado, cut the telegraph, destroyed the supply trains, and drove the cavalry into their forts on the South Platte River and in the Powder River country.

Who was the Salt Creek Canyon massacre?

This monument replaces one previously erected (that crumbled through weather conditions) by Langley A. Bailey, Sr., Jacob Bowers and Henry Knowles in memory of the following pioneers: Jens Jergensen and wife, Jens Terkelsen and Christian E. Kjerulf who were massacred by Indians, June 4, 1858, near this spot while traveling unarmed on their way to Sanpete Valley.

Where is the marker in Utah?

Location. 39° 42.217′ N, 111° 42.399′ W. Marker is near Nephi, Utah, in Juab County. Marker is on Utah Route 132 at milepost 40.5, on the right when traveling east. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Nephi UT 84648, United States of America. Touch for directions.

Where did the Kiowa go after the raid?

Their mission; however, proved unnecessary as shortly after returning from the raid the Kiowa traveled to Fort Sill, Oklahoma to claim their rations. While there, Satanta was questioned about the raid by Indian agent, Lawrie Tatum.

Where were the warriors sent to stand trial for murder?

The warriors were then ordered to be sent to Jacksboro, Texas, to stand trial for murder.

What was the name of the train that was rowed down the Jacksboro-Belknap?

Warren Wagon Train Raid, Texas. Known as the Warren Wagon Train Raid or the Salt Creek Massacre, this battle took place in 1871 when Henry Warren was contracted to haul supplies to Texas forts including Fort Richardson, Fort Griffin, and Fort Concho. While the freight train was traveling down the Jacksboro-Belknap Road on May 18th ...

Where did Big Tree die?

He was later captured and committed suicide in prison. Big Tree, with other chiefs believed to be secretly hostile, were confined as prisoners at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. After his release, he continued to live on an allotment from the reservation until his death in 1929. Adoeette, aka: Big Tree, Kiowa Warrior.

Who led the Kiowa warriors?

This group of about 100 warriors was led by Kiowa Chief Satanta, Ado-eete ( Big Tree) and Satank. Recognizing an imminent attack, the wagon train quickly pulled into a ring formation, but the 12 teamsters were overwhelmed by the warriors. Chief Satanta of the Kiowa tribe.

Who tried to escape and was killed?

In the end, Satank attempted to escape and was killed while traveling to Fort Richardson for trial. Big Tree and Satanta were tried and sentenced to death; but Texas Governor Edmund Davis, overruled the court and the punishment was changed to life imprisonment.

How many men managed to escape the wagoneer attack?

When the attack was over, the Indians captured all of the supplies and killed and mutilated seven of the wagoneer’s bodies. Five men managed to escape and Thomas Brazeale was able to reach Fort Richardson on foot, some 20 miles away. When Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie learned of the attack, he immediately informed General Sherman, who in turn dispatched Mackenzie to bring the offending Indians to justice. Their mission; however, proved unnecessary as shortly after returning from the raid the Kiowa traveled to Fort Sill, Oklahoma to claim their rations. While there, Satanta was questioned about the raid by Indian agent, Lawrie Tatum. The warrior, obviously using bad judgment, responded by boasting about the raid and a horrified Tatum quickly turned the chiefs over to General Sherman. The warriors were then ordered to be sent to Jacksboro, Texas, to stand trial for murder. Bound hand and foot, Satanta, Satank, and Big Tree left Fort Sill on June 8, 1871. In the end, Satank attempted to escape and was killed while traveling to Fort Richardson for trial.

Overview

The Salt Creek Canyon massacre occurred on June 4, 1858, when four Danish immigrants were ambushed and killed by unidentified Indians in Salt Creek Canyon, a winding canyon of Salt Creek east of present-day Nephi, in Juab County, Utah.

Massacre

Monument

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