When and why was the Second Temple rebuilt?
The Book of Ezekiel, which was written soon after the destruction of the First Temple (in 586 BCE), held up the dream of a rebuilt Temple in Jerusalem, including an enlarged Temple complex, in which sacrifice would be offered to an even higher standard of priestly sanctity and ritual purity than that required in the levitical codes of the Torah.
When will the temple be destroyed?
The Third Temple will be destroyed at the Second Coming of Jesus. The great earthquake at that time will radically change the topography of Jerusalem and all the earth (Revelation 6:12-17). In Jerusalem it will result in the provision of a very large level area where the Millennial Temple will be constructed.
When were the first and Second Temples built?
Usually a reference to the Holy Temple which was/will be situated in Jerusalem. 1st Temple was built in 825 BCE and was destroyed in 423 BCE. The 2nd Temple was built in 350 BCE and was destroyed in 70 CE. The 3rd Temple will be built by the Messiah.
When was the Phantom of the temple created?
The Phantom started out as a daily strip on February 17, 1936, with the acclaimed story "The Singh Brotherhood". It was written by Lee Falk and initially also penciled and/or laid out by him. The first major Phantom artist was Ray Moore. At the time, Lee Falk was already the creator of the successful Mandrake the Magician newspaper strip.
What temple was built for Hatshepsut?
The Temple of Hatshepsut (Egyptian: Ḏsr-ḏsrw meaning "Holy of Holies") is a mortuary temple built during the reign of Pharaoh Hatshepsut of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Located opposite the city of Luxor, it is considered to be a masterpiece of ancient architecture....Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut.HistoryPublic accessLimited18 more rows
How long did Hatshepsut's temple take to build?
fifteen yearsThe temple, which was re-discovered in 1891, took fifteen years to build. Hatshepsut declared that she built the temple as "a garden for my father Amun".
When did Hatshepsut build the temple of Deir el-Bahri?
15th century BCHer work has appeared in scholarly publications such as Archaeology Online and Science. The Deir el-Bahri Temple Complex (also spelled Deir el-Bahari) includes one of the most beautiful temples in Egypt, perhaps in the world, built by the architects of the New Kingdom Pharaoh Hatshepsut in the 15th century BC.
Who built Queen Hatshepsut temple?
Hatshepsut temple was built by Queen Hatshepsut during the 18th dynasty in the new kingdom on the west bank of the Nile under the cliffs of “Deir El-Bahari”. Its purpose was to become the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut and was known as Djeser-Djeseru (Holy of Holies).
Who destroyed Hatshepsut's temple?
Thutmose IIIThe sculpture was created between 1479 and 1458 BC for the funerary temple of Hatshepsut, the most successful female pharaoh of ancient Egypt. After the queen's death, her successor, Thutmose III, destroyed her statues to obliterate her memory.
Why was Hatshepsut's mortuary temple built?
The Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut was known in antiquity as Djeser-Djeseru or the Holy of Holies. As with other grand Egyptian monuments, the purpose of the temple was to pay homage to the Gods and chronicle the glorious reign of its builder. The temple was commissioned in 1479 BCE and took around 15 years to complete.
Who designed Hatshepsut's temple?
Hatshepsut’s temple, Djeser-djeseru “the Holy of Holies” was designed by the chief steward of Amun, Senenmut. The temple consists of three levels each of which has a colonnade at its far end. On the uppermost level, an open courtyard lies just beyond the portico.
Where is the temple of Hatshepsut?
Deir al-Bahari. Hatshepsut ( c. 1473–1458 BC), the queen who became Pharaoh, built a magnificent temple at Deir al-Bahari, on the west back of Luxor. It lies directly across the Nile from Karnak Temple, the main sanctuary of the god Amun. Hatshepsut’s temple, Djeser-djeseru “the Holy of Holies” was designed by the chief steward of Amun, Senenmut.
Why does Hatshepsut lean against the statues?
This is because Djeser-djeseru is Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple, where her cult was practiced after her death, when she attained the blessed state of Osiris.
What is the altar in the temple of Amun?
An altar, open to the sky and the sun, was dedicated to the cult of the solar Ra‑Horakhty. Pride of place was given to Amun. At the far end of the upper courtyard, on the temple’s central axis, a passage cut directly into the living rock culminates in his sanctuary.
Where is the temple of Hatshepsut?
The Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, also known as the Djeser-Djeseru ( Ancient Egyptian: ḏsr ḏsrw "Holy of Holies"), is a mortuary temple of Ancient Egypt located in Upper Egypt.
How tall is Hatshepsut's temple?
There are three layered terraces reaching 29.5 metres (97 ft) tall. Each story is articulated by a double colonnade of square piers, ...
What is the closest temple to classical architecture?
Hatshepsut's temple is considered the closest Egypt came to classical architecture. Representative of New Kingdom funerary architecture, it both aggrandizes the pharaoh and includes sanctuaries to honor the gods relevant to her afterlife.
What is the axis of the Mortuary Temple?
Panoramic view of the mortuary temple (looking west) The main and axis of the temple is set to an azimuth of about 116½° and is aligned to the winter solstice sunrise, which in our modern era occurs around 21 or 22 December each year.
What is the story behind Hatshepsut's temple?
The relief sculpture within Hatshepsut's temple recites the tale of the divine birth of a female pharaoh – the first of its kind. The text and pictorial cycle also tell of an expedition to the Land of Punt, an exotic country on the Red Sea coast. While the statues and ornamentation have since been stolen or destroyed, the temple once was home to two statues of Osiris, a sphinx avenue as well as many sculptures of the Queen in different attitudes – standing, sitting, or kneeling. Many of these portraits were destroyed at the order of her stepson Thutmose III after her death.
What is the name of the temple dedicated to Amun and Hatshepsut?
This mortuary temple is dedicated to Amun and Hatshepsut and is situated next to the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II, which served both as an inspiration and, later, a quarry. It is considered one of the "incomparable monuments of ancient Egypt.".
Who was the builder of the Pyramid of Djoser?
This inner-most chapel was renewed and expanded in the Ptolemaic era and has cult references to Imhotep, the builder of the Pyramid of Djoser, and Amenhotep, son of Hapu, the overseer of the works of Amenhotep III.
How long did it take for Hatshepsut to build her temple?
Hatshepsut’s Temple at Deir El Bahri is her greatest achievement. It took 15 years to complete.
What is the Temple of Hatshepsut?
The Temple Of Hatshepsut. The Temple of Hatshepsut is not only a memorial temple that honors Queen Hatshepsut, it is also one of the greatest Egyptian architectural achievements. ☰ Menu .
What is the third level of the Temple of Hatshepsut?
From the third level (which is off limits to the public) a doorway leads to two chapels, one dedicated to the Royal cult, and the other dedicated to the solar cult. Here, all images of Hatshepsut that were destroyed were replaced with images of Thutmose III.
Where is Hatshepsut's temple?
Located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor (ancient Thebes), Hatshepsut’s temple is part of the Theban Necropolis. Built in a half circle of cliffs, this memorial temple marks the entrance to the Valley of the Kings. Djeser Djeseru (holy of holiest) is the name of the main building of the temple of Hatshepsut.
Who is the goddess of the birth of Hatshepsut?
Hatshepsut’s birth is depicted on this level as well. It is sometimes called the Birth Colonnade. To validate her rule over Egypt even during Thutmose III’s ascension into adulthood, she claimed to be the divine daughter of Amon Ra. In these reliefs, Amon Ra impregnates Queen Ahmose and discloses that Hatshepsut will rule over Egypt.
Who was responsible for Hatshepsut's desecration?
Even though Thutmose III was responsible for much of the damage and desecration of Hatshepsut’s likeness, even more damage was caused by Akhenaten, an 18th dynasty heretic who only allowed images of the Aten, the sun god.
What is the causeway to the Temple of Punt?
Leading up to the temple is a 100 foot causeway that in ancient Egyptian times was probably lined with sphinxes. During that time, the first level boasted exotic trees and shrubbery like Frankincense from Hatshepsut’s trading expeditions to the land of Punt (Punt is likely Ethiopia, Eritrea or northern Somalia today).
What dynasty was Hatshepsut Temple built for?
The Story Beyond the Mesmerizing Hatshepsut Temple. This extraordinary beautiful Hatshepsut temple is also known as Djeser-Djeseru that was built for the Eighteenth Dynasty “ Pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut “.
Who designed the Hatshepsut Temple?
She built the temple to tell the story of her life, whose construction took about fifteen years. The temple was designed by Hatshepsut’s organizer; Senenmut.
What is the significance of Hatshepsut Temple?
This terrific temple is considered to be the closest to ancient Egyptian history. It aggrandizes the pharaoh and includes sanctuaries to honor the gods relevant to her afterlife. The construction of this temple is mirrored on the following temples of the new kingdom.
Why did Queen Hatshepsut rule?
Queen Hatshepsut was always aware of the ways to elevate her public image and immortalize her name, the Mortuary temple achieved both ends. She was the daughter of a very powerful god in Egypt and that’s why she ruled as a man would. She ruled for about two decades.
How many columns are there in Hathor Chapel?
There are also Hathor Chapel that contains a hypostyle hall with twelve beautiful Hathor-headed columns and Anubis Chapel, which has a hypostyle hall with twelve fluted columns and an astronomical ceiling. The Third Level houses a portico with double rows of columns that face the front.
What is the third level of the Temple?
The Third Level houses a portico with double rows of columns that face the front. All images of Queen Hatshepsut have been destroyed and replaced with images of King Tutmosis III. There is also the sanctuary of Amun that lies behind the courtyard. It was rebuilt during the Ptolemaic period and rededicated to Imhotep.
How many levels are there in the Temple of Hatshepsut?
The temple has three levels and the three of them reflect accurately featured colonnade. On The Ground Level, there was a garden with exotic trees from Hatshepsut’s expeditions to punt but unfortunately, there is no garden now. Behind the courtyard, there were colonnades with square pillars.
How long did it take to build the Hatshepsut Temple?
It took 15 years to truly personified Hatshepsut’s glory to the fullest light. The design of Hatshepsut temple was very unique as it’s the closest Egypt came to the concept of Classical Architecture (A style of Architecture driven from Greek & Roman origin).
Who Design the Temple of Hatshepsut?
Hatshepsut temple was designed by Hatshepsut’s chancellor and royal architect Senenmut in 1479 BC about 17 miles northwest of Luxor on the western side of the great capital of Egypt in the new Kingdom Thebes. It took 15 years to truly personified Hatshepsut’s glory to the fullest light. The design of Hatshepsut temple was very unique as it’s the closest Egypt came to the concept of Classical Architecture (A style of Architecture driven from Greek & Roman origin). It was a turning point from the megalithic geometry of the Old Kingdom to the style of the new kingdom which enjoyed active worship and sanctuaries to honor the gods related to her afterlife.
What is the Queen Hatshepsut Temple?
Queen Hatshepsut Temple. Hatshepsut temple is an ancient example of pure visual architecture and there is simply nothing that can match the beauty and elegance of the Hatshepsut temple. It is able to reach the highest level of perfection and is one of Egypt’s incomparable monuments.
Who was Queen Hatshepsut?
Know More Who is Queen Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut (1479-1458 BCE) was the wife of Thutmose II and of the most powerful female Pharaoh in Ancient Egyptian history.
Who is the temple dedicated to?
The temple was the neighbor of the Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II which was used as a primary model. It was dedicated to the god Amun and Hatshepsut herself who was successful in immortalizing her name through the ages.
Where is the Temple of Hatshepsut?
Built for the Eighteenth dynasty Pharaoh Hatshepsut, it is located beneath the cliffs at Deir el Bahari, on the west bank of the Nile near the Valley of the Kings.
When did Hatshepsut's name become known?
Hatshepsut’s name remained unknown for the rest of Egypt’s history and up until the mid-19th century CE. When Thutmose III had her public monuments destroyed, he disposed of the wreckage near her temple at Deir el-Bahri.
What is the mortuary temple?
The mortuary temple is dedicated to the sun deity Amun and is situated next to the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II, which served both as an inspiration, and later, a quarry. It is considered one of the “incomparable monuments of ancient Egypt.”. There are many examples of these great monuments and temples throughout Egypt from ...
Why did Hatshepsut establish a relationship with Amun?
She established her special relationship with Amun early on, possibly before taking the throne, in order to neutralize criticism of her reign on account of her gender.
How did Hatshepsut die?
How and when Hatshepsut died was unknown until quite recently. She was not buried in her mortuary temple but in a tomb in the nearby Valley of the Kings (KV60). Egyptologist Zahi Hawass located her mummy in the Cairo museum’s holdings in 2006 CE and proved her identity by matching a loose tooth from a box of hers to the mummy. An examination of that mummy shows that she died in her fifties from an abscess following this tooth’s extraction.
What is Mentuhotep II's temple?
Mentuhotep II’s temple featured a large stone ramp from the first courtyard to the second level; Hatshepsut’s second level was reached by a much longer and even more elaborate ramp one reached by passing through lush gardens and an elaborate entrance pylon flanked by towering obelisks.
What temples were at the end of the second level colonnade?
At either end of the second level colonnade were two temples: The Temple of Anubis to the north and The Temple of Hathor to the south. As a woman in a position of power, Hatshepsut had a special relationship with the goddess Hathor and invoked her often. A temple to Anubis, the guardian, and guide to the dead, was a common feature ...
Where is the Temple of Hatshepsut?
The Temple of Hatshepsut was built on the West bank of the Nile near the Valley of the Kings at Luxor. It was created by the architect Senmut who was also chancellor and, some suggest, the lover of Queen Hatshepsut (18th Dynasty). Hatshepsut became queen and took over the rule of Egypt in 1473 BC after her husband and half-brother, Thutmosis II, died. As Tuthmosis’s heir, the son from a secondary wife, was still a child. Hatshepsut ruled on his behalf for 7 years before proclaiming herself Pharaoh and ruling jointly with him for a further 14 years. Queen Hatshepsut is best known as the only woman who actually reigned as a pharaoh and even portraying herself as a man.
What is the 3rd terrace of Hatshepsut?
The 3rd terrace consists of two rows of columns, which were damaged by her step-son Tuthmosis III who also destroyed the columns at the rear, as he did with many of the images of Hatshepsut after her death (1458 BC). This sanctuary consists of two small chapels. A third chapel was added to the sanctuary in the Ptolemaic period.
Overview
The Temple of Hatshepsut (Egyptian: Ḏsr-ḏsrw meaning "Holy of Holies") is a mortuary temple built during the reign of Pharaoh Hatshepsut of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Located opposite the city of Luxor, it is considered to be a masterpiece of ancient architecture. Its three massive terraces rise above the desert floor and into the cliffs of Deir el-Bahari. Her tomb, KV20, lies inside the same massif capped by El Qurn, a pyramid for her mortuary complex. At the edge of the dese…
Design
From her accession to the throne, Hatshepsut renewed the act of monument building. The focal point of her attention was the city of Thebes and the god Amun, by whom she legitimized her reign. The preeminent residence of Amun was the Temple of Karnak to which Hatshepsut had contributed the Eighth Pylon, two 30.5 m (100 ft) tall obelisks, offering chapels, a shrine with two further ob…
Architecture
The opening feature of the temple is the three terraces fronted by a portico leading up to the temple proper, and arrived at by a 1 km (0.62 mi) long causeway that led from the valley temple. Each elevated terrace was accessed by a ramp which bifurcated the porticoes.
The lower terrace measures 120 m (390 ft) deep by 75 m (246 ft) wide and wa…
Function
It has been suggested that Hatshepsut's tomb in the Valley of the Kings, KV20, was meant to be an element of the mortuary complex at Deir el-Bahari. The arrangement of the temple and tomb bear a spatial resemblance to the pyramid complexes of the Old Kingdom, which comprised five central elements: valley temple, causeway, mortuary temple, main pyramid, and cult pyramid. Hatshep…
Later history
Two decades after her death, during Thutmose III's forty-second regnal year, he decided that all evidence of her reign as king of Egypt should be erased. His reasons for proscribing her reign remain unclear. This assault against her reign was, however, short-lived. Two years after it started, when Amenhotep II ascended to the throne, the proscription was abandoned and much of the eras…
See also
• List of ancient Egyptian sites
Citations
1. ^ Iwaszczuk 2016, pp. 230–236.
2. ^ Iwaszczuk 2016, p. 49.
3. ^ Pirelli 1999, pp. 275–276.
4. ^ Troy 2001, p. 527.
Sources
• Allen, James P. (2005). "The Role of Amun". In Roehrig, Catharine (ed.). Hatshepsut From Queen to Pharaoh. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 83–85. ISBN 1-58839-173-6.
• Arnold, Dieter (2003). The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-465-8.