See more
How did Philip the fourth die?
hunting accidentOn 4 April 1312, another Crusade was promulgated at the Council of Vienne. In 1313, Philip "took the cross", making the vow to go on a Crusade in the Levant, thus responding to Pope Clement V's call. He was, however, warned against leaving by Enguerrand de Marigny and died soon after in a hunting accident.
What did Philip IV of Spain do?
Philip IV (1605 - 1665) was crowned king of Spain in 1621. He was the son of Philip III and Margaret of Austria. During his reign Spanish foreign power declined; he failed to regain control of the north Netherlands and lost wars against France. But at home he proved to be an important patron of the arts.
How did King Philip of France die in 1307?
a strokeIn November Philip suffered a stroke while out hunting and died soon after at Fontainebleau. His reign helped to enhance the borders and governmental structures of France but his three sons followed him in quick succession as Kings in their own right and his Capetian line died out in 1328.
How long did Philip IV live?
Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War....Philip IV of Spain.Philip IVBorn8 April 1605 Royal Palace of Valladolid, Valladolid, SpainDied17 September 1665 (aged 60) Madrid, SpainBurialEl Escorial24 more rows
Who is king of Spain now?
Felipe VI of SpainSpain / KingFelipe VI chairing his first Council of Ministers at direct request of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy (seated to Felipe's right), an extraordinary responsibility to which the Monarch is entitled according to the article 62 of the Spanish Constitution (18 July 2014).
What did King Philip of France do to his daughter?
Isabella of FrancePhilip IV of France / DaughterIsabella of France, sometimes described as the She-Wolf of France, was Queen of England as the wife of King Edward II, and regent of England from 1327 until 1330. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre. Wikipedia
Do the Templars still exist?
While most historians agree that the Knights Templar fully disbanded 700 years ago, there are some people who believe the order went underground and remains in existence in some form to this day.
Which Pope killed the Knights Templar?
Pope Clement VIn 1307, King Philip IV of France and Pope Clement V combined to take down the Knights Templar, arresting the grand master, Jacques de Molay, on charges of heresy, sacrilege and Satanism. Under torture, Molay and other leading Templars confessed and were eventually burned at the stake.
Are there Templars today?
Today Templar revivalism remains strong. Templar iconography is popular with European neo-fascists: The Norwegian mass murderer Anders Breivik claimed to be a Templar, and Knights Templar International is an online network that connects far-right activists, particularly in Britain.
Did Philip IV marry his niece?
Despite the close degree of kinship these marriages were mostly blessed with surviving progeny. The forty-four-year-old widower Philip thus entered into a marriage with his fifteen-year-old niece Maria Anna (1634–1696) in 1649.
Why is Prince Philip not king?
The reason is, the husband of a reigning Queen does not become a King and is neither crowned or anointed at a coronation, unlike a Queen Consort. The husband of a female monarch can become Prince Consort such as Queen Victoria's husband, Albert, in the 19th century.
Did the Templars fight the King of France?
The Knights Templar were a formidable order, combining religious authority with wealth and military force but they were destroyed by King Philip IV of France, who accused them of religious and sexual crimes.
Why was Philip IV called Planet King?
Philip, the fourth ruler to bear this name, was referred to in writings of the age as the Planet King on account of his association with the sun, the fourth element in the hierarchy of the planets.
Was there a King Philip of Spain?
Philip II (21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent (Spanish: Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598.
Who became king of Spain in 1605 could not have children and was the last Habsburg King to reign in Spain?
Charles II of Spain (Spanish: Carlos II, 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), known as the Bewitched (Spanish: El Hechizado), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire.
Who was King of Spain 1667?
Philip IVJuan Bautista Martínez del Mazo (1610/15-1667) - Philip IV, King of Spain (1605-65)
Where is Philip IV buried?
He suffered a cerebral stroke during a hunt at Pont-Sainte-Maxence ( Forest of Halatte ), and died a few weeks later, on 29 November 1314, at Fontainebleau, where he was born. He is buried in the Basilica of St Denis. He was succeeded by his son Louis X .
Where was Philip born?
A member of the House of Capet, Philip was born in 1268 in the medieval fortress of Fontainebleau ( Seine-et-Marne) to the future Philip III, the Bold, and his first wife, Isabella of Aragon. His father was the heir apparent of France, being the eldest son of King Louis IX .
How did Boniface retaliate against Philip?
Philip retaliated by forbidding the removal of bullion from France. By 1297, Boniface agreed to Philip's taxation of the clergy in emergencies. In 1301, Philip had the bishop of Pamier arrested for treason. Boniface called French bishops to Rome to discuss Philip's actions.
How much money did the French government make under Philip IV?
Under Philip IV, the annual ordinary revenues of the French royal government totaled approximately 860,000 livres tournois, equivalent to 46 tonnes of silver. Overall revenues were about twice the ordinary revenues. Some 30% of the revenues were collected from the royal demesne. The royal financial administration employed perhaps 3,000 people, of which about 1,000 were officials in the proper sense. After assuming the throne, Philip inherited a sizable debt from his father's war against Aragon. By November 1286 it reached 8 tonnes of silver to his primary financiers, the Templars, equivalent to 17% of government revenue. This debt was quickly paid off, and, in 1287 and 1288, Philip's kingdom ran a budget surplus.
What was Philip's role in the transformation of France?
Philip and his advisors were instrumental in the transformation of France from a feudal country to a centralized state. The king, who sought an uncontested monarchy, compelled his vassals by wars and restricted feudal usages. His ambitions made him highly influential in European affairs.
Why did Philip debase the currency?
By 1295, to pay for his constant wars, Philip had no choice but to borrow more and debase the currency by reducing its silver content. This led to the virtual disappearance of silver from France by 1301. Currency depreciation provided the crown with 1.419 million LP from November 1296 to Christmas 1299, more than enough to cover war costs of 1.066 million LP in the same period.
How long did Navarre stay in France?
Navarre remained in personal union with France, beginning in 1284 under Philip and Joan, for 44 years. The Kingdom of Navarre in the Pyrenees was poor but had a degree of strategic importance. When in 1328 the Capetian line went extinct, the new Valois king, Philip VI, attempted to permanently annex the lands to France, compensating the lawful claimant, Joan II of Navarre, senior heir of Philip IV, with lands elsewhere in France. However, pressure from Joan II's family led to Phillip VI surrendering the land to Joan in 1329, and the rulers of Navarre and France were again different individuals.
Who was Philip IV?
Philip IV, (born April 8, 1605, Valladolid, Spain—died Sept. 17, 1665, Madrid), king of Spain (1621–65) and of Portugal (1621–40) , during the decline of Spain as a great world power.
Who was Philip IV's successor?
In 1620, following the defeat of Frederick V (the elector palatine, or prince, from the Rhineland who had accepted the crown of Bohemia... Philip dismissed Olivares in 1643 and replaced him with Don Luis Méndez de Haro, who remained in office until his death in 1661.
Who was the king of Spain in 1621?
Philip IV, (born April 8, 1605, Valladolid, Spain—died Sept. 17, 1665, Madrid), king of Spain (1621–65) and of Portugal (1621–40), during the decline of Spain as a great world power. He succeeded his father, Philip III of Spain, in 1621, and, for the first 22 years of his reign, Philip’s valido, or chief minister, was the Conde-Duque de Olivares, ...
Who was Philip's first wife?
Philip’s first wife was Elizabeth (Spanish, Isabel), daughter of Henry IV of France; after her death in 1644, he married Maria Anna (Mariana), daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand III. A poet and patron of the arts, Philip was the friend and patron of the painter Velázquez, many of whose works portray Philip and members of his court.
Who was the leader of Spain in 1620?
Spain: Philip IV’s reign. In 1620, following the defeat of Frederick V (the elector palatine, or prince, from the Rhineland who had accepted the crown of Bohemia when it was offered to him in 1618) and the Bohemians, Spanish troops…. Spain: The decline of Spain. …when, in his portraits of Philip IV, he showed the pathos of a man half aware ...
How many children did Philip IV have?
Although the relationship does not appear to have been close, some have suggested that Olivares, his key minister, later deliberately tried to keep the two apart to maintain his influence, encouraging Philip to take mistresses instead. Philip had seven children by Elisabeth, with only one being a son, Balthasar Charles, who died at the age of sixteen in 1646. The death of his son deeply shocked the king, who appears to have been a good father by the standards of the day. Elisabeth was able to conspire with other Spanish nobles to remove Olivares from the court in 1643, and for a brief period she held considerable influence over Philip; by the time of her death, however, she was out of favour, following manoeuvering by Olivares' successor, Luis de Haro.
Who painted Philip IV of Spain?
Painting of Philip IV of Spain in armor (1627–28) by Gaspar de Crayer ( Metropolitan Museum of Art) During the reign of Philip's father, Philip III, the royal court had been dominated by the Sandoval noble family, most strikingly by the Duke of Lerma, Philip III's principal favorite and chief minister for almost all of his reign.
Why did Philip support the juntas?
Frustrated by the notorious slowness of the system of royal councils, Philip supported Olivares' establishment of juntas – small committees designed to circumvent the more formal system and to enact policies quickly. Although successful, these juntas excluded many of the traditional grandees and caused resentment.
How old was Philip's second wife?
His choice of his second wife, 14-year-old Maria Anna, also known as Mariana, Philip's niece and the daughter of Emperor Ferdinand III, was guided by politics and Philip's desire to strengthen the relationship with Habsburg Austria. They were married on 7 October 1649.
What was Philip's government faced with at the end of the decade?
By the end of the decade, however, Philip's government was faced with the question of whether to prioritise the war in Flanders or Spain's relationship with France during the War of the Mantuan Succession (1628–1631) .
What happened to Philip after Olivares' fall from power?
Following Olivares' fall from power amidst the crisis of 1640–1643, the victim of failed policies and jealousy from the nobles excluded from power , Philip initially announced that he would rule alone, becoming in effect his own first minister.
Why was the Palace of Philip built?
The palace was built during one of the more difficult periods of Philip's reign. Given both its cost, in a time of stringent wartime savings, and the protest that ensued from a disgruntled public, it is considered to have been an important part of the attempt to communicate royal grandeur and authority.
What was Philip IV's last year?
Last years of Philip IV. This disappointment presaged the troubles of Philip’s last year as king. In June 1313 his fortunes had reached a high point. Having knighted his sons, taken the Crusader’s cross, and issued coinage-reform ordinances, he witnessed the triumphal departure of his sons against the Flemish, who had been excommunicated ...
What did Philip IV do to the publication of Clericis Laicos?
Philip IV countered or even forestalled the publication of Clericis laicos with an order forbidding all export of money and valuables from France and with the expulsion of foreign merchants. Although these measures were a serious threat to papal revenues, they…
Who was the Far Graver?
Far graver were the public trial and execution of two young squires convicted of adultery with Philip’s daughters-in-law. Jacques de Molay. An illustration of Templar grand master Jacques de Molay. From The Secret Tradition in Freemasonry by A.E. Waite, 1911.
What was Philip IV known for?
Here are 45 facts about Philip IV, the fair king.
Why did Philip IV get his nickname?
Philip IV did not earn his nickname because he was a fair king. The nickname arose because of his good looks —but he was actually pretty inflexible, earning him other names. One of his adversaries, Bernard Saissett, the Bishop of Palmers once said: “He is neither man nor beast. He is a statue.”.
Why was Philip in debt to the Knights?
Philip was seriously in debt to the Knights Templar, believing that he had a limitless source of income. The Templars had other ideas, and expected him to pay it back. Unfortunately for them, as he demonstrated with the Lombard Bankers and the Jews, his answer to getting rid of debts was to get rid of the debtors.
How did Isabella of Aragon die?
Tragically, on January 11, 1271, she fell from her horse on the way back , giving birth prematurely to a stillborn son. 17 days later, she died as a result of her injuries, leaving the not quite three-year-old Philip and his brothers without a mother.
What did Philip's father do after Isabella died?
After Isabella’s death, Philip’s father immersed himself in campaigning and administrative interests, seeing little of Philip or his brothers. Not finding much of a role model in his father, Philip started hero-worshiping his deceased grandfather Louis IX, buying into the stories of his saintly virtues and his high standards of rule.
How old was Philip when he married?
They were 11 and 16 when they married, and whatever else he was, Philip was reportedly a devoted husband who loved and respected his wife. After her death in 1305, he never married again, despite the additional wealth and political gain that remarrying would have given him. Knightfall, A+E Studios. 16.
Why did Philip IV have money problems?
Throughout his reign, Philip IV was plagued with money problems. Some of them were his own fault, due to his constant warring with the English, while some were inherited from his father’s failed A ragonese Crusade. Needing to find a way to make money fast, he had all of the Jews in France arrested, seized all of their assets, and used the money to fill his war coffers.
How old was Philip IV when he died?
Mentally and physically exhausted, King Philip IV died at the age of sixty in 1665, leaving a Great Power in decline to his four-year-old son, Charles, whose development gave little occasion for hope.
What was the character of King Philip IV?
Velázquez: King Philip IV of Spain in a black doublet, c. 1632. Philip’s personality is often regarded as reflecting the decline of Spain as a Great Power. Under his rule the Spanish court is supposed to have been a hotbed of pleasure-seeking, rampant favouritism and pervasive corruption.
Who was Philip's sister?
A degree of rapprochement was planned with the marriage of Philip’s sister, Infanta Maria Anna, to the heir to the throne, Charles. Shadowy intrigues and Philip’s ultimate refusal to allow a Spanish princess to become the wife of a Protestant offended the English court.
How long did Spain last in peace?
As king Philip made desperate – and mostly unavailing – attempts to preserve Spain’s authority in Europe. After a long period of peace lasting twelve years and resulting from the exhaustion ...
What was Philip IV's marriage?
Philip IV: marriage and offspring. Even as a child, Philip became the object of a dynastic union intended to underpin the rapprochement with France, a Great Power that was now growing in strength and influence. At the age of eleven he was betrothed to the ten-year-old Isabelle of Bourbon (1603–1644), daughter of King Henry IV.
How old was Philip when he was betrothed?
Even as a child, Philip became the object of a dynastic union intended to underpin the rapprochement with France, a Great Power that was now growing in strength and influence. At the age of eleven he was betrothed to the ten-year-old Isabelle of Bourbon (1603–1644), daughter of King Henry IV.
How old was Charles when he married Isabelle?
At the age of eleven he was betrothed to the ten-year-old Isabelle of Bourbon (1603–1644), daughter of King Henry IV. The marriage produced a son, Balthasar Charles (1629–1646), a feeble child who died at the age of sixteen, and six daughters, of whom only one was to survive childhood.
What was Philip's first wife's name?
Philip’s first wife, Isabelle, died in 1644. The urgent need for a male successor made it necessary for him to start searching for a new wife immediately. He fell back on an established tradition: marriage to a daughter of the Austrian line of the dynasty.
When was Charles born?
In 1661 Charles was born. The future of the global Spanish empire hung by a thread on the survival of this sickly child.
Who was born in 1655?
Born in 1655, Maria Ambrosia suffered from epilepsy and died after only fifteen days. In 1657 Philip Prosper was born, again a sickly infant, who died in 1661. His portrait by Velázquez hangs in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Thomas Karl, born in 1658, died after only four months. In 1661 Charles was born.
Who was Philip's niece?
The forty-four-year-old widower Philip thus entered into a marriage with his fifteen-year-old niece Maria Anna (1634–1696) in 1649. The Austrian archduchess, who had originally been intended as the wife of Philip’s son Balthasar Charles, was the daughter of Philip’s sister Maria and Emperor Ferdinand III.
Overview
Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called Philip the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel), was King of France from 1285 to 1314. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also King of Navarre as Philip I from 1284 to 1305, as well as Count of Champagne. Although Philip was known to be handsome, hence the epithet le Bel, his rigid, autocratic, imposing, and inflexible personalit…
Youth
A member of the House of Capet, Philip was born in 1268 in the medieval fortress of Fontainebleau (Seine-et-Marne) to the future Philip III, the Bold, and his first wife, Isabella of Aragon. His father was the heir apparent of France, being the eldest son of King Louis IX.
In August 1270, when Philip was two years old, his grandfather died while on …
Reign
After marrying Joan I of Navarre, becoming Philip I of Navarre, Philip ascended the French throne at the age of 17. He was crowned on 6 January, in 1286 in Reims. As king, Philip was determined to strengthen the monarchy at any cost. He relied, more than any of his predecessors, on a professional bureaucracy of legalists. To the public he kept aloof, and left specific policies, especially unpopular ones, to his ministers; as such he was called a "useless owl" by his contem…
Foreign policy and wars
As the Duke of Aquitaine, English King Edward I was a vassal to Philip, and had to pay him homage. Following the Fall of Acre in 1291, however, the former allies started to show dissent.
In 1293, following a naval incident between the English and the Normans, Philip summoned Edward to the French court. The English king sought to negotiate t…
Finance and religion
Under Philip IV, the annual ordinary revenues of the French royal government totaled approximately 860,000 livres tournois, equivalent to 46 tonnes of silver. Overall revenues were about twice the ordinary revenues. Some 30% of the revenues were collected from the royal demesne. The royal financial administration employed perhaps 3,000 people, of which about 1,000 were offi…
Suppression of the Knights Templar
Philip was substantially in debt to the Knights Templar, a monastic military order whose original role as protectors of Christian pilgrims in the Latin East had been largely replaced by banking and other commercial activities by the end of the 13th century. As the popularity of the Crusades had decreased, support for the military orders had waned, and Philip used a disgruntled complaint against th…
Tour de Nesle affair
In 1314, the daughters-in-law of Philip IV, Margaret of Burgundy (wife of Louis X) and Blanche of Burgundy (wife of Charles IV) were accused of adultery, and their alleged lovers (Phillipe d'Aunay and Gauthier d'Aunay) tortured, flayed and executed in what has come to be known as the Tour de Nesle affair (French: Affaire de la tour de Nesle). A third daughter-in-law, Joan II, Countess of Burgundy (wife of Philip V), was accused of knowledge of the affairs.
Death
Philip suffered a cerebral stroke during a hunt at Pont-Sainte-Maxence (Forest of Halatte), and died a few weeks later, on 29 November 1314, at Fontainebleau. He is buried in the Basilica of St Denis. Philip was succeeded by his son Louis X.
Overview
Philip IV (Spanish: Felipe, Portuguese: Filipe; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665), also called the Planet King (Spanish: Rey Planeta), was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War.
Personal life
Philip IV was born in the Royal Palace of Valladolid, and was the eldest son of Philip III and his wife, Margaret of Austria. In 1615, at the age of 10, Philip was married to 13-year-old Elisabeth of France. Although the relationship does not appear to have been close, some have suggested that Olivares, his key minister, later deliberately tried to keep the two apart to maintain his influence, encouraging Philip to take mistresses instead, by whom he is known to have had at least 30 pro…
Philip, Olivares and his royal favourites
During the reign of Philip's father, Philip III, the royal court had been dominated by the Sandoval noble family, most strikingly by the Duke of Lerma, Philip III's principal favorite and chief minister for almost all of his reign. Philip IV came to power as the influence of the Sandovals was being undermined by a new noble coalition, led by Don Baltasar de Zúñiga. De Zúñiga regarded it as essential th…
Foreign policy and the Thirty Years' War
Philip was to reign through the majority of the Thirty Years' War in Europe, a turbulent period of military history. In Philip III's final years, Baltasar de Zúñiga had convinced him to intervene militarily in Bohemia and the Electorate of the Palatinate on the side of Emperor Ferdinand II. Once Philip himself came to power, he was convinced by de Zúñiga, appointed his principal foreign ministe…
Philip and the Spanish military
By the late 1620s, the Spanish army was no longer as dominant on the battlefield as it once had been. The feared tercio regiments, composed of well-disciplined pikemen, were increasingly appearing inflexible and outmoded in the face of the new Swedish and Dutch formations with a higher proportion of musketeers. Philip and Olivares attempted to address the perceived weaknes…
Domestic policy and the crisis of the monarchy
Philip had inherited a huge empire from his father, spanning the known world, but many of his most difficult challenges as king would stem from domestic problems in Spain itself. Spain in the early 17th century was a collection of possessions – the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Valencia and Portugal, the autonomous provinces of Catalonia and Andalusia, complete with the wider pro…
Patronage of the arts
Philip has been remembered both for the 'astonishing enthusiasm' with which he collected art and for his love of theatre. On the stage, he favoured Lope de Vega, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and other distinguished dramatists. Philip has been credited with a share in the composition of several comedies. Court theatre used perspective scenery, a new invention from Italy not used in comm…
Philip and religion
The Catholic religion and its rituals played an important part in Philip's life, especially towards the end of his reign. Depressed by events across his domains, he became increasingly concerned with religious affairs. In particular, Philip paid special devotions to a painting of the Nuestra Señora del Milagro, the Virgin of Miracles; the painting was said to miraculously raise and lower its ey…