What are the health effects of chemical exposure?
Health effects also depend on the toxicity of the chemical that entered your body. Some chemicals are very toxic in small amounts; others are only toxic in large volumes. Also, people respond to chemical exposure in different ways. Some people may be exposed to a chemical and not get sick.
What happens if you are not exposed to a chemical?
If you are not exposed to the chemical, it cannot make you sick. Also, even if exposure has occurred, adverse health effects may not occur. Adverse health effects are dependent on the factors of the exposure.
What is hazardous substances and sites?
Hazardous Substances and Sites. Some chemicals rapidly absorb through skin, others not at all. Health effects also depend on the toxicity of the chemical that entered your body. Some chemicals are very toxic in small amounts; others are only toxic in large volumes. Also, people respond to chemical exposure in different ways.
What does it mean to be exposed to a chemical?
Exposure, the chemical getting into or on your body, has to occur to make you sick or cause adverse health effects, or have any affect on your health. If you are not exposed to the chemical, it cannot make you sick.
What is the most commonly used and transported group of hazardous materials?
What is corrosive liquid?
Who has the responsibility of evaluating their workplace to determine hazards?
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What is the exposure of two different toxic chemicals?
In toxicology, synergism refers to the effect caused when exposure to two or more chemicals at one time results in health effects that are greater than the sum of the effects of the individual chemicals.
Is it possible for the interaction of two toxic chemicals can produce less than expected result?
it is possible for the interaction of two chemicals can produce less than the expected result.
What is an example of a chronic response to chemical exposure?
A chronic health effect is an adverse health effect resulting from long-term exposure to a substance. Symptoms do not usually subside when the exposure stops. Examples of chronic health effects include asthma and cancer.
Who is responsible for assessing the potential risk of a hazard?
The employer is responsible for risk assessments within a workplace, meaning that it is their responsibility to ensure it is carried out. An employer can appoint an appropriate individual to carry out a risk assessment on behalf of the organisation, as long as they are competent to do so.
What type of combination of two chemicals produces an effect that is equal to their individual effects taken together?
Additive effects are when the sum of the effect equals the two individual chemical effects combined. In this case, 2 + 2 = 4. Synergistic effects are when the sum of the effect is more than the two individual chemical effects combined.
Which of the following are ways in which you can reduce your exposure to toxic substances?
Wear gloves, masks, or other protective devices to reduce contact with the chemicals. Make sure you wash your hands with soap and warm water after using chemicals.
What type of response to chemical exposure is an immediate or rapid harmful reaction?
Acute effects are those which occur following acute exposures. Acute effects can occur immediately, or be delayed and occur days or weeks after exposure.
What happens when you are exposed to chemicals?
A small chemical exposure can cause tearing eyes and burning of the eyes, nose, throat, chest and skin. It may cause headache, sweating, blurred vision, stomach aches and diarrhea. It is common for even mild symptoms from a harmful chemical to make people feel anxious.
What are the major types of effects that chemical exposure can have on the human body?
Potential health effectsorgan damage.weakening of the immune system.development of allergies or asthma.reproductive problems and birth defects.effects on the mental, intellectual or physical development of children.cancer.
What if there is someone injured or health problem could result hazardous in your workplace what will you do?
If you spot something you think might be hazardous in your workplace, report it to your employer and safety rep straight away. Your employer should then decide what harm the hazard could cause and take action to eliminate, prevent or reduce that harm.
What are the 4 types of risk assessment?
Let's look at the 5 types of risk assessment and when you might want to use them.Qualitative Risk Assessment. The qualitative risk assessment is the most common form of risk assessment. ... Quantitative Risk Assessment. ... Generic Risk Assessment. ... Site-Specific Risk Assessment. ... Dynamic Risk Assessment.
What should your first action be upon finding a safety hazard in your workplace?
What should your first action be upon finding a safety hazard in your workplace? Contact your team leader, supervisor, manager, etc.
What is an interaction in which one substance exacerbates the effects of another?
An interaction occurs when exposure to more than one substance results in a health effect different from the effects of either one alone. One kind of interaction is called synergism, a process in which two or more chemicals produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
What route of exposure has the most rapid effect?
INHALATION This absorption can be extremely rapid. The rate will vary with the concentration of the toxic substance, its solubility in tissue fluids, the depth of respiration, and the amount of blood circulation, which means that it will be much higher when the person is active than when he or she is at rest.
What value of LD50 indicates low toxicity?
1,000 to 2,000 mg/kgLD50 less than 500 mg/kg indicates high toxicity. LD50 500 to 1,000 mg/kg indicates moderate toxicity. LD50 1,000 to 2,000 mg/kg indicates low toxicity.
What is the meaning of toxic substances?
A toxic substance is a substance that can be poisonous or cause health effects. People are generally concerned about chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxin which can be found at some hazardous waste sites.
What are the Answers to 40 hour hazwoper final exam? - Answers
What is a 40 hour hazwoper? A 40 hour hazwoper is a 40 hour class used to train students in hazardous waste cleanup. 40 hour HAZWOPER training is for specific groups of employees that are becoming ...
HAZWOPER 40: Lesson 10 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The degree of permeation depends on what factor(s)?, Which of the following is NOT an example of a standard operating procedure for decontamination?, Which of the following is a method for decontamination? and more.
What is the most commonly used and transported group of hazardous materials?
Corrosive class chemicals are the most commonly used and transported group of hazardous materials.
What is corrosive liquid?
A corrosive is a substance, usually a liquid, which is capable of completely dissolving another substance.
Who has the responsibility of evaluating their workplace to determine hazards?
All workers have the responsibility of evaluating their workplace to determine hazards
Is it possible for the interaction of two toxic chemicals?
There may be “safe” levels of exposure to chemicals that affect the reproductive system. However, trying to determine a “safe” level is very difficult, if not impossible. It is even more difficult to study reproductive effects in humans than it is to study cancer.
What effect can toxic chemicals have on the body?
Chemicals can enter and irritate the nose, air passages and lungs. They can become deposited in the airways or be absorbed by the lungs into the bloodstream. The blood can then carry these substances to the rest of the body.
What provides most of what we know about the dangerous effects of toxic substances?
Animal studies, which provide most of what we know about the dangerous effects of toxic substances. Humans may react differently than animals to exposure to toxic materials, however.
What is toxic exposure?
In keeping with this common usage, “toxic exposure” is defined here to be a direct or an indirect contact with any natural or man-made substances or agents that can lead to deleterious changes in body structure or function, including illness or death.
Is it possible for the interaction of two chemicals can produce less than the expected result?
it is possible for the interaction of two chemicals can produce less than the expected result.
Are characterized by sudden and severe exposure to and rapid absorption of the substance?
Acute health effects are characterized by sudden and severe exposure and rapid absorption of a material. An example would be a chemical burn.
What are 2 chemicals that can lead to long-term harm on the immune system?
Inorganic substances, including heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and nickel, have been studied, and the effects of exposure have been reported to range from suppression to enhancement of the immune system. Some metals are reported to induce autoimmune disease.
What is exposure to chemicals?
Exposure occurs when people have contact with a chemical, either directly or through another substance contaminated with a chemical. For more information on certain chemicals, such as the likely health effects, visit the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's ToxFAQs website.
How do humans get exposed to hazardous chemicals?
Human exposure to hazardous chemicals can occur at the source or the chemical could move to a place where people can come into contact with it . Chemicals can move through air, soil, and water. They can also be on plants or animals, and can get into the air we breathe, the food we eat and the water we drink.
What are the three ways a person can come into contact with hazardous chemicals?
There are three basic exposure pathways: inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Inhalation is breathing or inhaling into the lungs. Ingestion is taking something in by mouth.
How do chemicals affect a child's health?
The fetus is the most susceptible because their developing organs may be permanently damaged. Similarly, children, especially from one to six years of age, are also in a stage of rapid development. During this period, children may take more chemical into their bodies due to body chemistry, level of activity, and relative small body size. As children develop, chemicals introduced into the body can alter many processes essential for proper cell development. As a result, changes can, for example, cause organs within the body to be altered, impairing proper development to a mature organ. Adolescents may share in the risk due to their increased physical activity and curiosity of the world around them. For more information, see Children's Health Protection.
How are chemicals removed from the body?
Also, chemicals are removed from the body in feces, sweat and exhalation. However, the body may not be able to remove all the chemicals. The amount, type, and length of time you are exposed to harmful substances will determine if you are at risk for adverse health effects.
What are the things that leave a lot of waste in the environment?
Nearly every activity leaves behind some kind of waste in the environment. Households create ordinary garbage. Cars, trucks, and buses emit exhaust gases while in operation. Industrial and manufacturing processes create solid and hazardous waste. Some wastes contain chemicals that are hazardous to people and the environment. Once these hazardous chemicals are present in the environment, people can become exposed to them. Exposure occurs when people have contact with a chemical, either directly or through another substance contaminated with a chemical.
How do people respond to chemical exposure?
Also, people respond to chemical exposure in different ways. Some people may be exposed to a chemical and not get sick. Other people may be more sensitive to chemicals and get sick more rapidly or have more severe reactions than others. Certain variables play a role in a person's susceptibility to exposure and adverse health effects such as age, gender, genetics, pregnancy or other health conditions.
How many chemicals are in the daily commerce?
Thus, our current state of knowledge regarding the potential effects of the more than 60,000 chemicals in daily commerce is more extensive in case of their acute effects than in their chronic effects. This is mainly due to the methodological difficulties involved in the scientific investigation of chronic effects, which, however, does not imply that chronic effects are of less concern.
How long is sub acute exposure?
It generally involves more than 21 days exposure. Such studies are carried out at three or more dose levels, in two or more species. One of the major objectives of such tests is to establish a dose which could be classified as no effect dose. Anything above this dose would be considered as harmful to man.
What is an acute toxicology test?
Acute toxicity tests are designed to determine the dose or concentration of a particular test chemical or effluent that will produce a specific response/ effect on a group of test organism s, under controlled conditions. The common tests are lethality, irritation studies and potentiation or sensitizing agents.
What is the effect of potentiation on the body?
Potentiation or sensitization means that when two chemicals are acting on the same or different organs or systems, one chemical acts more effectively in the presence of the other. This potential sensitisation effect of chemical agents is a major problem to toxicologists. To distinguish between a substance acting as a primary irritant and one acting as a sensitizing agent, is another problem.
What is acute testing?
Thus, a common acute testing approach is to design a test so that a quantal response (an all-or-none response that is dead or alive) is elicited. Then a concentration mortality curve can be plotted depending on the relation between test material concentration and the percentage of exposed organisms affected.
What is the median effective concentration?
It is expressed as the test material concentration at which 50% of the test organisms survive for a specific exposure time (usually 24-96 hours). This term has now been replaced by median lethal concentration (LC 50) and median effective concentration (EC 50 ).
Is the LD 50 toxic?
7. The LD 50 toxicity test is insensitive to chronic toxic effects that may in the long term effect survival.
What is the most commonly used and transported group of hazardous materials?
Corrosive class chemicals are the most commonly used and transported group of hazardous materials.
What is corrosive liquid?
A corrosive is a substance, usually a liquid, which is capable of completely dissolving another substance.
Who has the responsibility of evaluating their workplace to determine hazards?
All workers have the responsibility of evaluating their workplace to determine hazards