Hopewell populations originated in western New York and moved south into Ohio, where they built upon the local Adena
Adena Culture
The Adena culture was a Pre-Columbian Native American culture that existed from 1000 to 200 BC, in a time known as the Early Woodland period. The Adena culture refers to what were probably a number of related Native American societies sharing a burial complex and ceremonial system. The Adena lived in an area including parts of present-day Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Kentucky, Ne…
Where did the Hopewell culture live?
Alternative Title: Mound Builders Hopewell culture, notable ancient Indian culture of the east-central area of North America. It flourished from about 200 bce to 500 ce chiefly in what is now southern Ohio, with related groups in Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Pennsylvania, and New York.
How did the Hopewell tribe get its name?
The name "Hopewell" was applied by Warren K. Moorehead after his explorations of the Hopewell Mound Group in Ross County, Ohio, in 1891 and 1892. The mound group itself was named for the family who owned the earthworks at the time. What any of the various groups now defined as Hopewellian called themselves is unknown.
Who were the Hopewellians?
The mound group was named after Mordecai Hopewell, whose family then owned the property where the earthworks are sited. What any of the various peoples now classified as Hopewellian called themselves is unknown. [3] [4] The term Hopewell is applied to a wide scattering of peoples who lived near rivers in temporary settlements of 1-3 households.
Where did Goodall Hopewell come from?
Or, Hopewell was said to have originated in western Illinois and spread by diffusion ... to southern Ohio. Similarly, the Havana Hopewell tradition was thought to have spread up the Illinois River and into southwestern Michigan, spawning Goodall Hopewell. (Dancey 114)
What did the Hopewell tribe live in?
The Hopewell Indians lived in villages along rivers and streams. They built dome-shaped houses covered with bark, animal hides, or woven mats. They got their food by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild nuts, fruits, seeds, and roots. They also grew crops such as corn and possibly beans and squash.
What did the Hopewell tribe do?
The people who are considered to be part of the "Hopewell culture" built massive earthworks and numerous mounds while crafting fine works of art whose meaning often eludes modern archaeologists. This "Hopewell culture" flourished between roughly A.D. 1 and A.D. 500.
When did the Hopewell tribe start?
About 100 B.C.About 100 B.C., the Hopewell culture began to flourish in what is now Illinois, Ohio, and other parts of the Midwest. Hopewell groups shared four traits. First, they built groups of mounds and embankments, some of which were hundreds of acres in size. Second, they had elaborate graves inside some mounds.
What did the Hopewell culture eat?
Hopewell villages lay along rivers and streams. The inhabitants raised corn (maize) and possibly beans and squash but still relied upon hunting and fishing and the gathering of wild nuts, fruits, seeds, and roots.
What happened to the Hopewell people?
The rapid decline of the Hopewell culture about 1,500 years ago might be explained by falling debris from a near-Earth comet that created a devastating explosion over North America, laying waste to forests and Native American villages alike.
What is unique about Hopewell tribe?
The "Hopewell culture" doesn't refer to a particular Native American tribe; instead, it's a name for a distinctive set of artifacts, earthworks, and burial practices characteristic of sites in southern Ohio from A.D. 1 to 400.
What did the Hopewell call themselves?
Hopewell wasn't a tribal name and no one knows what they called themselves. The Hopewell mounds were bigger than those of the Adena cultures and their burials involved more ceremony. Hopewell burials included putting ochre and other pigments on the body.
What weapons did the Hopewell tribe use?
The Hopewell used tools such as knives and projectile points made of high quality flint and obsidian and hooks and awls made of bone. Their pottery was thinner and more refined than that of earlier cultures, and included new shapes such as bowls and jars.
What did the Hopewell people hunt?
They also gathered wild plants, hunted deer and other large and small game, and fished. The Hopewell used tools such as knives and projectile points made of high quality flint and obsidian and hooks and awls made of bone.
What happened Hopewell Indians?
Around 500 CE, the Hopewell exchange ceased, mound building stopped, and art forms were no longer produced. War is a possible cause, as villages dating to the Late Woodland period shifted to larger communities; they built defensive fortifications of palisade walls and ditches.
What did the Hopewell call themselves?
Hopewell wasn't a tribal name and no one knows what they called themselves. The Hopewell mounds were bigger than those of the Adena cultures and their burials involved more ceremony. Hopewell burials included putting ochre and other pigments on the body.
What were Hopewell settlements like?
A Hopewell culture settlement typically consisted of one or a few families living in rectangular houses with a nearby garden. These people were hunters, fishers, and gatherers of wild plant foods, but they also grew a number of domesticated plants in their gardens, including sunflower, squash, goosefoot, and maygrass.
Where was Hopewell located?
Who Were the Hopewell? "The Newark Earthworks". Re-creation of a Hopewell hamlet ( www.cerhas.uc.edu) The Hopewell culture flourished in Ohio and other parts of eastern North America during the Middle Woodland Period, possibly as early as 100 B.C.
What was Hopewell's culture?
The Hopewell culture participated in long-distance trading networks, acquiring copper from the upper Great Lakes, mica from the Carolinas, shells from the Gulf of Mexico, and obsidian from the Rocky Mountains. Magnificent works of art were crafted from these exotic raw materials, such as an elegant human hand effigy cut from mica and giant spear points chipped from obsidian. Hopewell artwork depicts various animals, with deer, bear, and birds appearing most frequently. Animal effigies--perhaps a guardian spirit of a shaman--were carved on the bowls of stone pipes so as to face the smoker.
What was Hopewell's type of settlement?
Hopewell settlements were small villages or hamlets of a few rectangular homes made of posts with wattle and daub walls and thatched roofs.
Why did the Hopewell end?
Some archaeologists characterize the end of the Hopewell as a cultural collapse because of the abandonment of the monumental architecture and the diminishing importance of ritual, art, and trade.
What was the end of Hopewell?
What caused this is unknown, but there was a major shift in the succeeding Late Woodland period settlements and subsistence. People lived in larger villages often surrounded by walls or ditches. Corn became more important and the bow and arrow were introduced. Some archaeologists characterize the end of the Hopewell as a cultural collapse because of the abandonment of the monumental architecture and the diminishing importance of ritual, art, and trade. Yet the population seems to have increased and it simply may be that villages became more self-sustaining and inwardly focused.
Where are the Hopewell burial mounds?
The largest set of Hopewell burial mounds is at the Mound City Group in Chillicothe. All three of these sites are National Historic Landmarks and are being considered for nomination as World Heritage sites. By A.D. 400, the Hopewell culture and its earthwork building were all but over.
What are the earthworks of Hopewell?
Earthworks constructed by the Hopewell culture were places of ceremony, not settlements. They include regular, geometrically shaped complexes and irregularly shaped hilltop enclosures. Geometric earthworks are more common and may be squares, circles, or octagons with associated individual mounds. There are also mortuary sites with earthworks ...
What did the Hopewell people do?
They and practiced a mixture of hunting, fishing, gathering, and farming. The Hopewell used tools such as knives and projectile points made of high-quality flint and obsidian and hooks and awls made of bone. The pottery they used was more refined than that of earlier cultures and included new shapes such as jars, bowls, and stone pipes, some of which depicted various animal effigies.
Where did the name Hopewell come from?
The name “Hopewell” was applied by Warren K. Moorehead after his explorations of the Hopewell Mound Group in Ross County, Ohio in 1891 and 1892. The mound group was named after Mordecai Hopewell, whose family owned the earthworks at the time. Hopewell Exchange Network by H. Roe, Wikipedia. The Hopewell people lived near rivers in temporary villages ...
What were the features of the Hopewell era?
Today, the best-surviving features of the Hopewell era are mounds they built for uncertain purposes.
Where did the Hopewell exchanges originate?
This trade network, called the Hopewell exchange system, ran from the Crystal River Indian Mounds in modern-day Florida as far north as the northern shores of Lake Ontario in Canada . Their trade goods spread far and wide and have been seen in many burials outside the Midwest.
When did the Hopewell trade start?
Thriving between 100 BC to 500 AD in the Middle Woodland period, the Hopewell tradition was not a single culture, tribe, or society, but was rather, a widely dispersed set of related populations that were connected by a common network of trade routes. This trade network, called the Hopewell exchange system, ran from the Crystal River Indian Mounds ...
When did the Hopewell tradition end?
Around 500 CE , the Hopewell tradition ceased and mound-building stopped. Afterward, villages of the Late Woodland period shifted to larger communities that utilized defensive fortifications of palisade walls and ditches probably due to wars.
Where is Hopewell Mound City?
Hopewell Mound City group in Chillicothe, Ohio by the National Park Service. The Hopewell culture, also called the Hopewell tradition, is an archeological era of Native Americans that flourished along rivers from the Atlantic Ocean to the eastern Great Plains, and from the Great Lakes region to the Gulf of Mexico.
Where did Hopewell spread?
Similarly, the Havana Hopewell tradition was thought to have spread up the Illinois River and into southwestern Michigan, spawning Goodall Hopewell. (Dancey 114) The name "Hopewell" was applied by Warren K. Moorehead after his explorations in 1891 and 1892 of the Hopewell Mound Group in Ross County, Ohio.
What is the Hopewell tradition?
The Hopewell tradition (also called the Hopewell culture) describes the common aspects of an ancient pre-Columbian Native American civilization that flourished in settlements along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern Eastern Woodlands from 100 BCE to 500 CE, in the Middle Woodland period . The Hopewell tradition was not a single culture or society, but a widely dispersed set of populations connected by a common network of trade routes. This is known as the Hopewell exchange system.
What is the Havana Hopewell culture?
Havana Hopewell culture. The Havana Hopewell culture was a Hopewellian people in the Illinois and Mississippi river valleys in Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri.
What are the best surviving features of the Hopewell tradition?
Today, the best-surviving features of the Hopewell tradition era are earthwork mounds. Researchers have speculated about their purposes and debate continues. Great geometric earthworks are one of the most impressive Native American monuments throughout American prehistory, and were built by cultures following the Hopewell. Eastern Woodlands mounds typically have various geometric shapes and rise to impressive heights. Some of the gigantic sculpted earthworks, described as effigy mounds, were constructed in the shape of animals, birds, or writhing serpents. Due to considerable evidence and surveys, plus the good condition of the largest surviving mounds, more information can be obtained.
What did Hopewell society do?
Hopewell societies cremated most of their deceased and reserved burial for only the most important people. In some sites, hunters apparently were given a higher status in the community: their graves were more elaborate and contained more status goods.
How were the Hopewell settlements linked?
The Hopewell settlements were linked by extensive and complex trading routes ; these operated also as communication networks, and were a means to bring people together for important ceremonies.
Where is Hopewell in Kansas City?
Kansas City Hopewell. At the western edge of the Hopewell interaction sphere is the Kansas City Hopewell. The Renner Village archeological site in Riverside, Missouri, is one of several sites near the junction of Line Creek and the Missouri River. The site contains Hopewell and succeeding Middle Mississippian remains.
